scholarly journals Designing a conceptual framework for misinformation on social media: a qualitative study on COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peivand Bastani ◽  
Seyyed Mostafa Hakimzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Amin Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Virtual Networks ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
The Poor

Abstract Objective This study was aimed to present a conceptual framework about the misinformation surrounding COVID-19 outbreak in Iran. For this purpose, discourse analysis of two of the most common social virtual networks were conducted via a four step approach as follows: defining the research question and selecting the content of analysis, gathering information and theory on the context, content analysis for establishing the themes and patterns and, presenting the results and drawing conclusions. Results Cultural factors, demand pressure for information during the crisis, the easiness of information dissemination via social networks, marketing incentives and the poor legal supervision of online content are the main reasons for misinformation dissemination. Disease statistics; treatments and prevention are the main subjective categories of releasing misinformation. The consequences of misinformation dissemination include psychosocial, economic, health status, health system and ethical ones. The most recommended strategies for dealing with the issue could be divided into demand and supply-side strategies.

Collective Intelligence in Online Education

2018 ◽  
pp. 285-305
Author(s):  
Lesley S. J. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Online Education ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Interactive Mode ◽  
Educational Theories ◽  
Impact Of Technology ◽  
The Impact

Collective intelligence may be loosely defined as the capacity of a group to think, learn, and create collectively. Online education reflects an interactive mode relative to information, particularly because of social media, that can involve expertise and resources that generate collective intelligence to address issues. Several theories reflect a belief in the dynamic and situational meanings that collectives create. The impact of technology, particularly in terms of social networks, also informs collective intelligence-related educational theories. This chapter explains conditions for optimum use of collective intelligence, noting individual and group behaviors, cultural factors, and its application in online education.

scholarly journals SOCIAL MEDIA AND KOSOVO’S POLITICAL ACTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
Ilire Zajmi
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Mass Communication ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Traditional Media ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
The Social

Social media are changing the nature of mass communication, demediating traditional media. They are being used as powerful platforms for the distribution and dissemination of information, activities, promotion of institutions, certain groups of interest of individuals, but also political actors for different purposes.Placing and disseminating information through the opportunities offered by social media enables the mobilization of a wider audience in new ways and ways. Politicians are exploiting these opportunities provided by social networks, without having to put information through journalists or traditional media. There are two theories in the literature regarding the use of social networks, optimistic and pessimistic theory. According to optimistic theory, social networks provide opportunities to compete for power. Theorists of this theory of using social media think that in the digital age, we are witnessing the transformation of information and the audience that uses them. According to them, the global success of social media has made it possible for everyone to connect directly to his audience through the platforms offered. With the use of these platforms, politicians gain attention and at the same time build a symmetrical or asymmetric relationship with their followers.Pessimistic theory, however, blames the social media for the use of false promise, and a pseudo-modernization of modern society. Studies believe that involvement in social networks and political actors at the same time implies a greater engagement of the audience that absorbs the information disclosed and affects the democratization of political competition. This paper aims to analyze the use of social networks as a means of information dissemination by Kosovar political actors and the content of the information being disclosed.The paper analyzes the posts of three key Kosovar politicians, Prime Minister Ramush Haradinaj, President Hashim Thaçi and Kosovo Assembly Speaker Kadri Veseli in their profiles on Facebook and Twitter social networks during a one-month monitoring period during May 2019

scholarly journals COVID-19 Related Misinformation on Social Media: A Qualitative Study from Iran (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peivand Bastani ◽  
Mohammad Amin Bahrami
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Medical Faculty ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Managers

BACKGROUND Background: During outbreaks of diseases a great amount of health threatening misinformation is produced and released. In the web-2 era much of this misinformation is disseminated via social media where information could spread easily and quickly. Monitoring social media content provides crucial insights for health managers to manage the crisis. OBJECTIVE Objective: Given the misinformation surrounding COVID-19 outbreak, this study was aimed to analyze contents of the most commonly used social networks in Iran that is among the affected countries. METHODS Methods: A social media monitoring conducted through a qualitative design to analyze the discussions of social media users about the content related to COVID-19 transferred via Iranian medical faculty members` groups in Telegram and Whats App during Feb 20 to March 20, 2020 emphasizing the misinformation. Discourse analysis was applied and the written dialogues and discussions regarding misinformation about different aspects of the outbreak between medical faculty members all over the country were analyzed. RESULTS Results: Cultural factors, demand pressure for information during the crisis, the easiness of information dissemination via social networks, marketing incentives and the poor legal supervision of online contents are the main reasons of misinformation dissemination. Disease statistics; treatments, vaccines and medicines; prevention and protection methods; dietary recommendations and disease transmission ways are the main subjective categories of releasing misinformation regarding novel coronavirus outbreak. Consequences of misinformation dissemination regarding disease include psychosocial; economic; health status; health system and ethical ones. Active and effective presence of health professionals and authorities on social media during the crisis and the improvement of public health literacy in the long term are the most recommended strategies for dealing with issues related to misinformation. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion: This study contributes the management of COVID-19 outbreak trough providing applicable insights for health managers to manage public information in this challenging time. CLINICALTRIAL

COVID-19 and the impact of virtual social networks: knowledge transfer or public panic (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimia Pourmohammadi ◽  
Seyyed Hakimzadeh ◽  
Pivand Bastani
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Public Information ◽  
Islamic Republic ◽  
Outbreak Response ◽  
The Public ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND Under these circumstances, social media is constantly covering the news and the related information via films, voices, clips, and texts; however, these reports are sometimes challenging outbreak response efforts. For instance, the misinformation and conspiracy theories spread via social media have generated panic and mistrust among the general public, diverted attention away from the outbreak response, and impeded the activities of health-care workers (6). Another evidence shows that many public safety agencies and organizations face the challenge of reducing the spread of false information distributed via social media (9). Accordingly, the aim of this study was to analyze the contents of information shared via virtual social media over the three weeks since the formal confirmation of COVID-19 outbreak in the Islamic Republic of Iran. OBJECTIVE According to the effective role of social media in communicating risk information to the public, the aim of this study was to analyze the contents of information shared via virtual social media over the three weeks since the formal confirmation of COVID-19 outbreak in the Islamic Republic of Iran. METHODS This qualitative discourse analysis was conducted on the contents of three more common virtual social networks (Instagram, WhatsApp, and Telegram) from Feb20 to March 11, 2020 in Iran. Four steps of defining the research question and selecting the content of analysis, gathering information and theory on the context, analyzing the content for themes and patterns and reviewing the results and drawing conclusions were conducted. RESULTS Based on the results, the contents of social media in the analysis duration were allocated four main categories related to the COVID-19 outbreak including political, social, health, and economic issues CONCLUSIONS It seems that all three social Medias have an effective role to share public information, especially those that are related to the public health and health education but at the same time, the analyzed social media have created the sense of panic and fear, particularly in the scopes of social, economic, and political issues.

scholarly journals Social Media Marketing as a Branding Strategy in Extraordinary Times: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 10310
Author(s):  
Sanne Ichelle Dubbelink ◽  
Carolina Herrando Soria ◽  
Efthymios Constantinides
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Marketing Strategy ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Social Media Marketing ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Marketing Activities

This review expands our insight into the ways the required adaptation to digital channels caused by COVID-19 has affected the creation of brand equity through social media marketing. Based on a systematic literature review, we propose a conceptual framework that answers the following research question: How can businesses, amidst and after the COVID-19 pandemic, adapt their social media marketing strategy to create positive brand equity? The conceptual framework describes four components as the basis for a potential social media marketing strategy. First, (1) businesses need to develop a clear perspective on their current social media marketing activities, and (2) evaluate current branding elements. Based on this, (3) the timeline of marketing activities must be postponed or adapted to the needs of consumers. Lastly, (4) businesses must adapt their messaging to show empathy and deliver relevant information. Within this process, governmental parties, financial institutions, influencers, and consumers are identified as stakeholders who influence and assist businesses in optimizing their social media marketing strategy. These findings are relevant for academics and businesses to further understand the long-term effects of COVID-19 on social media marketing. Additionally, they highlight that the roles of online channels and the consumer are expanding in the future.

E-tailers adaptation during early stages of “social distancing causing crises”: an exploratory study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepak Halan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis paper studies the impact of social distancing causing crises (SDCC) such as pandemics in its early stages on e-tailers demand and supply side operations and provides a conceptual framework for adaptation.Design/methodology/approachA grounded theory-based approach has been used, wherein journal papers and news articles are the key data sources. Standard qualitative methodology, including open, axial and selective coding has been followed.FindingsThe study provides second order themes derived from first-order categories, the theoretical dimensions and their interrelationships on how e-tailers need to adapt to variations in online buying behaviour, manage manpower shortage and daily necessities inventory shortage, during SDCC. Panic buying emerges as a key disrupting factor as it has multiple repercussions on demand and supply side operations of e-tailers.Research limitations/implicationsExploratory qualitative research such as this is helpful in early development of a research stream and paves the way for future quantitative studies.Practical implicationsThis study makes a valuable contribution on e-tailers adaptation to SDCC with significant managerial implications. There are social, economic and policy implications too. For academicians, this study provides a conceptual framework and serves as a springboard for future research.Originality/valueThe study is unique as perhaps it is one of the first to study e-tailers adaptation to SDCC. It contributes to a body of the literature which is currently scarce but expected to grow exponentially in the coming years.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of security issues in the new social media in the US-Israel election campaign

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Waseem Mansour
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Research Question ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Campaigns ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Twitter Account ◽  
Use Of Social Media

This article presents the history of the use of social media in the election campaigns of politicians from the United States and Israel as a modern phenomenon in the current era due to technological changes in the global media. My article answers the research question: is there a difference in the strategy of using Twitter between Netanyahu and Obama, and what is this difference? It should be noted that many articles have dealt with social networks and the political use of social networks, but as far as I know, the topic of comparison and attempt to find differences in political campaigns between two leaders from the United States and Israel has not yet been investigated, and this is the goal of the article, I will focus on presenting data and information examining the allegations appearing in the official Twitter account of former Israeli Prime Minister Netanyahu regarding security issues and the Iranian threat expressed in his Twitter tweets, so that he presents himself as “responsible for Israel and its citizens.” So he constantly presents the issue of national security as a winning card against his opponents in order to win the support of the far right electorate in Israel. Compared to the tweets of Obama the first president of the United States who used social media and especially presidential Twitter to win in support of the American electorate in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections and to win their economic and social contribution.

How to Study Online Networking

2022 ◽  
pp. 360-374
Author(s):  
Fabio Corbisiero
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Social Network Analysis ◽  
Network Analysis ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Past ◽  
Network Research

Social media and social networks are pervasive in the daily use as well as in a number of applications. Social media and social networks are also intertwined, as the social medial platforms also offer the opportunity to develop and analyze social networks. Over the past two decades, there has been an explosion of interest in network research through social network analysis. Network research is “warm” today, with the number of articles on the topic of social media and social networks nearly tripling in the past decade. This interweaving has been a further breakthrough within field research yielding explanations for social phenomena in a wide variety of new ways. Social network analysis (SNA) has been recognized as a powerful tool for representing social network structures and information dissemination on the web. Here, the authors review the kinds of things that sociologists have tried to explain using social network analysis and provide a nutshell description of the basic assumptions, goals, and explanatory mechanisms prevalent in the field, with emphasis on SNA research methodology.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Conceptual Framework of Access to Financial Services by Farmers in Emerging Economies: Implication for Empirical Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadson Awunyo-Vitor
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Rational Choice Theory ◽  
Choice Theory ◽  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Delegated Monitoring ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper presents a discussion on the theoretical and conceptual framework on issues relating to access to financial services. The discussion begins by providing details of various theories that underpin the demand and supply side of access to financial services. The supply dimension of access to financial services is guided by the information asymmetry theory and the transaction cost theory, while the key demand dimension theories are the delegated monitoring theory and the rational choice theory. In the later sections, a conceptual framework was developed for the empirical evaluation of access to financial services and its impact on productivity with particular reference to farmers in emerging economies. The last section provides the concluding remarks, which recommends the use of empirical analyses to access factors influencing access and the impact of the access to farmers’ productivity.

scholarly journals The Role of Social Networks in Emergency Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1346
Author(s):  
Alexey SMIRNOV ◽  
Natalia BELOZEROVA ◽  
Natalia ALANICHEVA ◽  
Irina TRUBNIKOVA ◽  
Yuriy MOTORYGIN
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Emergency Management ◽  
Information Dissemination ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Impact

The article is focused on the impact of social networks which are becoming increasingly important for information dissemination, user-centered response and efficient coordination between residents and governmental departments at all stages of a disaster. We intend to examine the definition of ‘social network», the most important types of emergency domain-related social media, their functions and benefits. We also propose to investigate the recent activities of the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation in the sphere of emergency prevention and risk reduction via accessing the social networks pages and assessing their effectiveness.

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