scholarly journals Disseminated Kaposi sarcoma following COVID-19 in a 61-year-old Albanian immunocompetent man: a case report and review of the literature

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Gardini ◽  
Silvia Odolini ◽  
Giovanni Moioli ◽  
Dorothea Angela Papalia ◽  
Vittorio Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Kaposi Sarcoma ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Literature Research ◽  
Susceptibility Factors ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The University

Abstract Background COVID-19 and its related anti-inflammatory treatment (steroids, immunomodulators) may induce the reactivation of latent bacterial, parasitic, and viral infections. According to our knowledge, no case of disseminated HHV-8-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS) after COVID-19 and its treatment has been described so far. Only one case of cutaneous KS concurrently with COVID-19 has been previously reported. Case presentation We describe a case of disseminated KS in a 61-year-old immunocompetent Albanian man after hospitalization for COVID-19. Methods for literature research We used PubMed as biomedical database for the literature research. We selected keyword combinations including “Kaposi sarcoma,” “HHV-8,” “immunocompetent,” “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” and “steroids.” No time or language limitation was set. Titles and abstracts of selected articles were systematically screened. Articles were included in the examination if they were published under free access through the digital library of the University of Brescia (Italy), and provided full text. Articles were excluded if the topic was beyond the aim of our study. Finally, we selected 15 articles. Results We describe a case of KS in COVID-19 patient and postulate that Interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity and steroid-induced immunodeficiency may play a major role in KS emergence. No published case of disseminated KS following COVID-19 in otherwise healthy individuals was found through the systematic literature review, despite the high incidence of COVID-19 in areas with medium–high prevalence of HHV-8 infection. This observation might be explained by the role of individual genetic susceptibility factors. Conclusions SARS-CoV-2 infection and its treatment may lead to reactivation of several latent infections, including HHV-8 and its related clinical syndrome, Kaposi sarcoma.

High prevalence ofLeucocytozoonspp. in the endangered yellow-eyed penguin (Megadyptes antipodes) in the sub-Antarctic regions of New Zealand

Parasitology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 672-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. S. ARGILLA ◽  
L. HOWE ◽  
B. D. GARTRELL ◽  
M. R. ALLEY
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
Campbell Island

SUMMARYYellow-eyed penguins (YEPs) have suffered major population declines over the past 30 years, with no single cause established.Leucocytozoonwas first identified in yellow-eyed penguins in 2005. During the 2008/09 breeding season, a high mortality was seen in both mainland yellow-eyed penguins as well as those on Enderby Island of the Auckland Islands archipelago. A high overall prevalence ofLeucocytozoonspp. in association with a high incidence of chick mortality was observed during this period on Enderby Island. One chick had histological evidence of leucocytozoonosis with megaloschizonts in multiple organs throughout its body. In addition, a high prevalence (73·7%) ofLeucocytozoonwas observed by PCR in the blood of adult Enderby yellow-eyed penguins taken during the 2006/07 season. These findings were different from the low prevalence detected by PCR on the coast of the South Island (11%) during the 2008/2009 breeding session and earlier on Campbell Island (21%) during the 2006/2007 breeding session. TheLeucocytozoonspp. sequences detected lead us to conclude that theLeucocytozoonparasite is common in yellow-eyed penguins and has a higher prevalence in penguins from Enderby Island than those from Campbell Island and the mainland of New Zealand. The Enderby Island yellow-eyed penguins are infected with aLeucocytozoonspp. that is genetically distinct from that found in other yellow-eyed penguin populations. The role ofLeucocytozoonin the high levels of chick mortality in the yellow-eyed penguins remains unclear.

scholarly journals The Role of Platelet and its Interaction with Aspirin

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 351
Author(s):  
Luisa Fernanda Zúñiga Cerón ◽  
Jann Sebastián Saavedra Torres ◽  
Carlos Alberto Navia Amézquita
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Primary Hemostasis ◽  
The University ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Access Program ◽  
Regeneration Processes

<p>Introduction. Platelets are not strictly “cells”, they are cytoplasmic fragments that are produced by the division of the cytoplasm of the megakaryocytes in the bone marrow; among its properties of adhesion and aggregation, platelets are involved in primary hemostasis, thrombosis, repair and tissue regeneration processes. To modify the pro-thrombotic platelet properties aspirin (ASA) is provided, which allows blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins in order to irreversibly inhibit the COX1 and prevent platelet aggregation. The current guidelines govern the use of aspirin in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Objective. In this review paper graphics were created to facilitate the understanding of platelets and its interaction with various physiological and pathological processes. Methodology. A literature review of a total of 74 documents such as articles and books was carried out; it was obtained from bibliographic searches in the following databases: Scielo, NEJM, Elsevier, Pubmed, Redalyc, Wiley, Springer, ScienceDirect, BVS, Nature Riviews, EBSCO, Naxos (databases offered by the University of Cauca). Mendeley free access program was used for the management and organization of information. Conclusion. It is recognized the role of platelet in different physiopathological processes and thus its interaction with aspirin, preventing its aggregation and thrombus formation in the spleen and other organs, this way contributing to the prevention of future cardiovascular events.</p>

scholarly journals The role of Helicobacter pylori in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
T. E. Kugler ◽  
G. G. Taradin ◽  
R. Pellicano
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is one of the most common in the world. More than 50% of the world’s population is infected and infection rates are especially high in countries with poor socio-economic conditions. H. pylori causes gastroduodenal and extra-gastroduodenal diseases including such metabolic disorders as obesity, diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Recent epidemiological and clinical studies showed that the long-term persistence of H. pylori infection is associated with the development and progression of atherosclerosis and consequently cardiovascular diseases. However, the correlation between these conditions is ambiguous and there is not enough evidence to confirm it. The lack of consensus might be related to differences in diagnostic methods used for H. pylori and the variety of its genotypes. Considering high prevalence of H. pylori infection as well as high incidence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, a verified correlation between these can be of great epidemiological, prophylactic and clinical significance.

scholarly journals Exploring the Role of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases in Multimorbidity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Simões ◽  
Raquel Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Behavioral Economic ◽  
Complex Patients ◽  
Equal Importance ◽  
Causal Pathway ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Incidence

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) frequently aggregate due to shared pathophysiological mechanisms, either as sequential steps in the same causal pathway or as common results of the same exposures, leading to a high prevalence of disease co-occurrence, a phenomenon known as multimorbidity. Multimorbidity is a patient-centered concept where all morbidities are regarded of equal importance irrespective of whether they started before or after any other disease in question. Rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) are among the most prevalent groups of NCDs, and probably due to their high incidence and low case fatality, they are highly susceptible to multimorbidity. Complex patients, such as some of those with multimorbidity, are nowadays the norm, implying a growing concern that clinical practice guidelines fail to adequately address the care of complex patients. The ramifications of suffering from multimorbidity unfold for each patient, within their social, educational, cultural, behavioral, economic, and environmental contexts, which in turn affect disease management.

Otologic Care in a School for the Deaf

1981 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvan E. Stool ◽  
F. Owen Black ◽  
Helen Craig ◽  
Margaret Laird
Keyword(s):  
Deaf Child ◽  
Maintenance Program ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Inner Ear Disease ◽  
Supervision And Training ◽  
School For The Deaf ◽  
And Training

Recent studies at the Western Pennsylvania School for the Deaf revealed both a high prevalence and a high incidence of external, middle, and inner ear disease among the students enrolled. This paper illustrates the role of the otolaryngologist in the otologic evaluation, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up in this special population and in the supervision and training of relevant health care personnel. Included in this discussion are (1) the implementation and results of an otologic surveillance and maintenance program at the school for the deaf, (2) the methods and results of vestibular evaluation in this population, and (3) an example of the procedures possible to prepare for and facilitate the hospitalization of a deaf child.

scholarly journals Profile of patients submitted to gastroplasty in the university hospital of Maringá - Paraná State during 2008-2009 - doi: 10.4025/actascihealthsci.v35i2.12019

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Kazuyuki Hashimoto ◽  
Mirian Hideco Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making ◽  
The University

This study evaluated the profile of patients submitted to gastroplasty in the University Hospital of Maringá during 2008-2009. Clinical charts were analyzed to obtain clinical and laboratory data of all patients with morbid obesity submitted to gastroplasty. During the study period, 28 surgeries were performed, 57% of the patients lived in Maringá, 82% female, 40 years average age, with mean body mass index (BMI) of 46.7kg m-2. It was verified that 39% of the patients maintained an usual non-hypocaloric diet, 25% had quoted dietary reeducation, 36% were sedentary, and 29% practiced some physical activity, and remaining 1/3 of patients presented no data about lifestyle. Regarding associated pathologies, 79% were hypertensive, and 71% of patients presented fasting glucose above 100 mg dL-1, but only 12 of them had diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. The hospital stay length was 4 days for 89% of the patients, and 11% had surgery complications. In this group of subjects, there was a clear preponderance of females and high prevalence of other pathologies. Identifying the profile of obese patients contributes to more effective decision-making and emphasizes the crucial role of multidisciplinary approach to health promotion and prevention of early and late complications of morbid obesity and gastroplasty.

scholarly journals Role of decongestants in a complex therapy of acute infectious rhinitis

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
A. A. Krivopalov ◽  
P. A. Shamkina
Keyword(s):  
Nasal Mucosa ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Good Tolerability ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Acute Rhinitis

Nowadays the problem of treating of acute respiratory viral infections, primarily manifested with the clinical picture of acute rhinitis, remains an important problem due to the high prevalence and variety of etiological factors of this disease. Pathogenesis of rhinitis, regardless of the etiology, includes the swelling of the nasal mucosa, the increase in nasal secretion, which blocks nasal breathing and significantly reduces the quality of life. In uncomplicated forms of acute infectious rhinitis, symptomatic treatment is traditionally used, including the elimination therapy and drugs for reducing the nasal mucosa swelling. Topical decongestants have a sympathomimetic effect, affect α1- and α2-adrenergic receptors and help to eliminate swelling of the nasal mucosa and improve nasal breathing, and as a result, restore the patency and aerodynamics of the airways, recover the drainage function of the paranasal sinuses and auditory tube. To date, the pharmaceutical market offers many intranasal decongestants that differ in the duration of exposure, frequency of use, the occurrence of side effects or adverse events. The article shows the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the drug xylometazoline, highlights the results of Russian and foreign studies that demonstrate the efficacy and good tolerability of xylometazoline with a short-term topical course of treatment. The conclusion is made about a good profile of the efficacy and safety of the drug and confirmed that in compliance with the recommendations for the frequency and duration of application, xylometazoline could be recommended for use in a complex symptomatic treatment of acute rhinitis in adults and children.

scholarly journals Help from the sky: Can vultures contribute to Cystic Echinococcosis control in endemic areas?

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. e0009615
Author(s):  
Fiammetta Berlinguer ◽  
Fahad Ahmed ◽  
Claudia Tamponi ◽  
Silvia Carta ◽  
Antonio Scala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Conservation Implications ◽  
Gyps Fulvus ◽  
Carcass Disposal ◽  
High Prevalence

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is endemic in Sardinia and constitutes a serious public health concern due to high prevalence in livestock and humans. Despite sustained efforts, control of the disease had been unsuccessful in the region. Problematic carcass disposal due to soaring incineration costs and free access of dogs to infected carrion are dominant factors, fueling endemicity among other. As sole obligate scavenger, griffon vultures (Gyps fulvus) are uniquely specialized to eliminate carcasses swiftly and efficiently, saving on unnecessary environmental and economic costs for carrion disposal. However, following drastic population declines across Europe, griffon vultures practically went extinct in Italy. A conservation expansion program in Sardinia successfully reinforced the last remaining Italian vulture population by mitigating the main threats to its survival; food shortage. Through the establishment of supplementary feeding stations, permanent supply of livestock cadavers was provided. In this research, the management and conservation implications on the controlled disposal of carcass disposal through vulture feeding stations on the control of CE in Sardinia were assessed. During the course of the project, vultures scavenged a total of 81,361 kg of biomass, saving €90,041 in incineration costs and € 1,054 in CO2 emission. Through extrapolation of these results, a total of 5,304 kg of suspected CE infected sheep carcasses (65.3%) was calculated to have been disposed by griffons, considerably reducing the CE risk and burden in Sardinia. A quantification of the amount of biomass that could be eliminated by griffon in a succeeding conservation project was also made. These calculations implied that 162,722 kg of biomass, including 10,608 kg of infected biomass from sheep, would be consumed over a period of 5 years, further lowering the CE burden in Sardinia. Our results, driven under one health approach, emphasize the crucial and direct role of griffons in breaking the lifecycle of CE as well as their indirect role in rendering multiple ecosystem and economic services through the elimination of carcasses.

Molecular Detection of Adenoviruses in the Sinus Tissues of Patient by Nested-PCR in Shiraz, Southwest Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahab Mahmoudvand ◽  
Mohammad Kord ◽  
Neda Pirbonyeh ◽  
Afagh Moattari ◽  
Somayeh Shokri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Globin Gene ◽  
Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Southwest Iran

Background and Aims: Rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane that may be caused by infectious agents such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. Few studies have been carried out on the role of viruses in Rhinosinusitis patients .The aim of this study was the molecular detection of Adenoviruses in sinus tissues by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in Shiraz.Materials and Methods: In the present study, 103 paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of sinus tissues were subjected to DNA extraction and tested for adenovirus DNA using Nested PCR. The amplification of a β-globin gene by PCR-based method was used to confirm the quality of extracted DNA.Results: A total of 103 samples of sinus tissues were examined. Of these patients, 50 (48.54%) were male and the rest were female (51.46%). The patients’ age ranged between 2 and 82 years and the mean age was 42.15±1.56 years. The adenovirus DNA was detected in 13 of 103 (12.6%) samples.Conclusions: The results of this study showed that Adenoviruses have high prevalence in rhinosinusitis patients. As a results, it is an important to investigate clinical significance of viral infections especially Adeno viruses in these patients.

scholarly journals Modelling the transmission of infectious diseases inside hospital bays: implications for Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Moreno Martos ◽  
Benjamin Parcell ◽  
Raluca Eftimie
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Computational Approach ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Periodic Testing ◽  
Healthcare Associated

Healthcare associated transmission of viral infections is a major problem that has significant economic costs and can lead to loss of life. Infections with the highly contagious SARS-CoV-2 virus have been shown to have a high prevalence in hospitals around the world. The spread of this virus might be impacted by the density of patients inside hospital bays. To investigate this aspect, in this study we consider a mathematical modelling and computational approach to describe the spread of SARS-CoV-2 among hospitalised patients. We focus on 4-bed bays and 6-bed bays, which are commonly used to accommodate various non-Covid-19 patients in many hospitals across UK. We use this mathematical model to investigate the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infections among patients in non-Covid bays, in the context of various scenarios: changes in the number of contacts with infected patients and staff, having symptomatic vs. asymptomatic patients, removing infected individuals from these hospital bays once they are known to be infected, and the role of periodic testing of hospitalised patients. Our results show that 4-bed bays reduce the spread of SARS-CoV-2 compared to 6-bed bays. Moreover, we show that the position of a new (not infected) patient in specific beds in a 6-bed bay might also slow the spread of the disease. Finally, we propose that regular SARS-CoV-2 testing of hospitalised patients would allow appropriate placement of infected patients in specific (Covid-only) hospital bays.

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