scholarly journals Validation of the French ADNM-20 in the assessment of emotional difficulties resulting from COVID-19 quarantine and outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vancappel ◽  
E. Jansen ◽  
R. Bachem ◽  
A. Bray ◽  
L. Egreteau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Adjustment Disorder ◽  
Emotional Difficulties ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
French Version ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Adjustment Difficulties

Abstract Background Multiple psychological consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak and quarantine have been described. However, there is a lack of global conceptualization. We argue that the stressful aspects of the situation, the multiple environmental consequences of the outbreak, and the diversity of symptoms observed in such a situation, suggest that Adjustment disorder (AD) is a promising way to conceptualize the psychological consequences of the outbreak and quarantine. The first aim of the study was to validate the French version of the ADNM. The second aim was to set out adjustment difficulties resulting from COVID-19 outbreak and quarantine. Method We recruited 1010 (840 women, 170 men) who consented online to participate. They filled out the French ADNM, visual analogic scales, HADS, IES, and the COPE, to evaluate coping strategies. Results We confirmed the factor structure of the ADNM and we found good psychometric properties. We found that 61.3% of participants presented an adjustment disorder related to COVID-19 outbreak. We found multiple risk factors and protective factors to AD due to quarantine and outbreak. We also identified the coping strategies negatively and positively associated with AD. Conclusion Adjustment disorder is a relevant concept to understand psychological manifestations caused by quarantine and outbreak. The French ANDM has good psychometric properties to evaluate such manifestations. The association between coping strategies and AD symptoms suggest that CBT may be the best intervention to help people suffering from AD.

A Strategy for Analysing Multiple Risk Factors with Application to Cervical Pain Syndrome

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (01) ◽  
pp. 14-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Dartigues ◽  
Ph. Peytour ◽  
E. Puymirat ◽  
P. Henry ◽  
M. Gagnon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Head Trauma ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Confounding Factors ◽  
Cervical Pain ◽  
Extreme Form ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors

Abstract:When studying the possible effects of several factors in a given disease, two major problems arise: (1) confounding, and (2) multiplicity of tests. Frequently, in order to cope with the problem of confounding factors, models with multiple explanatory variables are used. However, the correlation structure of the variables may be such that the corresponding tests have low power: in its extreme form this situation is coined by the term “multicollinearity”. As the problem of multiplicity is still relevant in these models, the interpretation of results is, in most cases, very hazardous. We propose a strategy - based on a tree structure of the variables - which provides a guide to the interpretation and controls the risk of erroneously rejecting null hypotheses. The strategy was applied to a study of cervical pain syndrome involving 990 subjects and 17 variables. Age, sex, head trauma, posture at work and psychological status were all found to be important risk factors.

scholarly journals Leiomyosarcoma of the Tracheostomy Site in a Patient with History of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 912-917
Author(s):  
Zainub Ajmal ◽  
Abdul Moiz Khan ◽  
Lezah McCarthy ◽  
Allison Lupinetti ◽  
Syed Mehdi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
English Literature ◽  
Neck Region ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rare Malignancy

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) of the trachea is an extremely rare malignancy with only a few reported cases in English literature. As such the diagnosis can be frequently missed or delayed. We present a case of a 69-year-old male who underwent tracheostomy for airway obstruction secondary to glottic squamous cell carcinoma and treated definitely with radiation therapy. Subsequently, the patient developed LMS of the tracheostomy site. The case further details multiple risk factors that could contribute to development of LMS including radiation exposure, prior malignancy, and chronic inflammation. These risk factors have been well established for LMS in other sites but less so in the head and neck region, which is the subject of our discussion. We also review the current guidelines for head and neck as well as limb sarcomas and discussed role of surgery or radiation and their accompanying challenges in management of this rare malignancy.

scholarly journals Psychometric Properties of the Translated Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale for Chinese Adults with Coronary Heart Disease or Risk Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3651
Author(s):  
Ting Liu ◽  
Aileen Wai Kiu Chan ◽  
Ruth E. Taylor-Piliae ◽  
Kai-Chow Choi ◽  
Sek-Ying Chair
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Mandarin Chinese ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Tai Chi ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Forward Translation ◽  
Tai Chi Exercise

Tai Chi is an effective exercise option for individuals with coronary heart disease or its associated risk factors. An accurate and systematic assessment of a Mandarin-speaking adults’ self-efficacy in maintaining Tai Chi exercise is lacking. Mandarin Chinese has the most speakers worldwide. This study aimed to translate the Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy scale and examine its psychometric properties. The 14-item Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy scale was translated from English into Mandarin Chinese using a forward-translation, back-translation, committee approach, and pre-test procedure. Participants with coronary heart disease or risk factors (n = 140) enrolled in a cross-sectional study for scale validation. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the two-factor structure (Tai Chi exercise self-efficacy barriers and performance) to this sample. The translated scale demonstrated high internal consistency, with a Cronbach’s α value of 0.97, and good test-retest reliability, with an intra-class correlation coefficient of 0.86 (p < 0.01). Participants with prior Tai Chi experience reported significantly higher scores than those without (p < 0.001), supporting known-group validity. A significant correlation was observed between the translated scale and total exercise per week (r = 0.37, p < 0.01), providing evidence of concurrent validity. The Mandarin Chinese version of the Tai Chi Exercise Self-Efficacy scale is a valid and reliable scale for Chinese adults with coronary heart disease or risk factors.

Characteristics of Resilience Among Disaster Rescue Workers: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Xiaorong Mao ◽  
Olivia WM Fung ◽  
Xiuying Hu ◽  
Alice Yuen Loke
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Systematic Literature Search ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Medical Subject Heading ◽  
Rescue Workers ◽  
Positive Concept

Abstract Disasters can cause long-lasting damage to survivors and rescue workers. Some rescue workers suffer negative physical and psychological consequences, while others do not. Thus, it is of value to fully understand the characteristics of rescuers who have not been affected by rescue activities. Resilience refers to the ability or capacity to cope with adversity. The aim of this review is to explore and identify the characteristics of resilience among rescue workers. A systematic literature search was conducted of seven electronic databases from inception to May 2019, using keywords and medical subject heading terms related to the resilience of rescuers. Hand searches and searches of leading authors were also performed. A total of 31 articles were eligible for review. Six domains were identified to characterize the resilience of rescuers namely, demographic and physical characteristics, personality traits, coping strategies, perceived resources, being equipped with special skills for disaster rescue, and having less adverse consequences from exposure to disaster. Researchers and disaster managers can take note of these characteristics to comprehensively understand the ‘positive concept’ of resilience. This enhanced understanding of ‘positive resilience’ can in turn be used to develop a framework to assess and establish interventions, and consequently to improve the psychological wellbeing of rescuers after disaster rescue efforts.

The relative and interactive impact of multiple risk factors in schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a combined register-based and clinical twin study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. Lemvigh ◽  
R. Brouwer ◽  
R. Hilker ◽  
S. Anhøj ◽  
L. Baandrup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Paternal Age ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Polygenic Risk Score ◽  
Multiple Risk Factors ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Multiple Risk

Abstract Background Research has yielded evidence for genetic and environmental factors influencing the risk of schizophrenia. Numerous environmental factors have been identified; however, the individual effects are small. The additive and interactive effects of multiple risk factors are not well elucidated. Twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia offer a unique opportunity to identify factors that differ between patients and unaffected co-twins, who are perfectly matched for age, sex and genetic background. Methods Register data were combined with clinical data for 216 twins including monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) proband pairs (one or both twins having a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis) and MZ/DZ healthy control (HC) pairs. Logistic regression models were applied to predict (1) illness vulnerability (being a proband v. HC pair) and (2) illness status (being the patient v. unaffected co-twin). Risk factors included: A polygenic risk score (PRS) for schizophrenia, birth complications, birth weight, Apgar scores, paternal age, maternal smoking, season of birth, parental socioeconomic status, urbanicity, childhood trauma, estimated premorbid intelligence and cannabis. Results The PRS [odds ratio (OR) 1.6 (1.1–2.3)], childhood trauma [OR 4.5 (2.3–8.8)], and regular cannabis use [OR 8.3 (2.1–32.7)] independently predicted illness vulnerability as did an interaction between childhood trauma and cannabis use [OR 0.17 (0.03–0.9)]. Only regular cannabis use predicted having a schizophrenia spectrum diagnosis between patients and unaffected co-twins [OR 3.3 (1.1–10.4)]. Conclusion The findings suggest that several risk factors contribute to increasing schizophrenia spectrum vulnerability. Moreover, cannabis, a potentially completely avoidable environmental risk factor, seems to play a substantial role in schizophrenia pathology.

scholarly journals A Food Insecurity Systematic Review: Experience from Malaysia

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 945
Author(s):  
Norhasmah Sulaiman ◽  
Heather Yeatman ◽  
Joanna Russell ◽  
Leh Shii Law
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Welfare Recipient ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food

Living free from hunger is a basic human right. However, some communities still experience household food insecurity. This systematic literature review explored different aspects of household food insecurity in Malaysia including vulnerable groups, prevalence, risk factors, coping strategies, and the consequences of food insecurity. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Thirty-three relevant articles were selected from scientific databases such as CINAHL, Pubmed and Google Scholar, scrutiny of reference lists, and personal communication with experts in the field. The prevalence of household food insecurity in Malaysia was unexpectedly reported as high, with affected groups including Orang Asli, low-income household/welfare-recipient households, university students, and the elderly. Demographic risk factors and socioeconomic characteristics included larger household, living in poverty, and low education. Coping strategies were practices to increase the accessibility of food in their households. Consequences of household food insecurity included psychological, dietary (macro- and micronutrient intakes), nutritional status, and health impacts. In conclusion, this review confirmed that household food insecurity in Malaysia continues to exist. Nevertheless, extensive and active investigations are encouraged to obtain a more holistic and comprehensive picture pertaining to household food security in Malaysia.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Parental Burnout: Parents Locked Down but Not More Exhausted

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110300
Author(s):  
Sarah Le Vigouroux ◽  
Astrid Lebert-Charron ◽  
Jaqueline Wendland ◽  
Emilie Boujut ◽  
Céline Scola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Daily Functioning ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Parenting Role ◽  
At Home

Lockdowns put in place in response to the COVID-19 health crisis have changed daily functioning for families and potentially the emotional experience of individuals in their parenting role. Our study aimed to highlight the importance of the environmental consequences associated with lockdowns on parental burnout. We compared data on parental burnout levels from two French samples: the first collected in 2018 ( N = 1332) and the second collected during the last month of lockdown ( N = 522). Our results show that parents included during the lockdown period reported significantly, but slightly, higher saturation (a dimension of the parental burnout construct) than parents included 2 years earlier. However, the number of children per age group, maintaining employment, and having to provide schooling at home are not variables that explain differences in the level of parental burnout between our two samples. Our results are discussed with regard to the risk factors identified and the French context.

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