Oral microbiota in the oral-genitourinary axis: identifying periodontitis as a potential risk of genitourinary cancers

AbstractPeriodontitis has been proposed as a novel risk factor of genitourinary cancers: although periodontitis and genitourinary cancers are two totally distinct types of disorders, epidemiological and clinical studies, have established associations between them. Dysbiosis of oral microbiota has already been established as a major factor contributing to periodontitis. Recent emerging epidemiological evidence and the detection of oral microbiota in genitourinary organs indicate the presence of an oral-genitourinary axis and oral microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of genitourinary cancers. Therefore, oral microbiota provides the bridge between periodontitis and genitourinary cancers. We have carried out this narrative review which summarizes epidemiological studies exploring the association between periodontitis and genitourinary cancers. We have also highlighted the current evidence demonstrating the capacity of oral microbiota to regulate almost all hallmarks of cancer, and proposed the potential mechanisms of oral microbiota in the development of genitourinary cancers.

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Hearing Aid Fitting in Tinnitus: A Scoping Review of Methodological Aspects and Effect on Tinnitus Distress and Perception

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10132896 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (13) ◽

pp. 2896

Author(s):

Dimitrios Kikidis ◽

Evgenia Vassou ◽

Nikolaos Markatos ◽

Winfried Schlee ◽

Eleftheria Iliadou

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Hearing Aids ◽

Clinical Studies ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Therapeutic Modality ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Fitting In ◽

Almost All ◽

Methodological Aspects

Current evidence on efficacy of hearing aids (HAs) on tinnitus perception and annoyance is considered insufficient due to the heterogeneity of tinnitus characteristics and of methods used in the relevant clinical studies. This is a scoping review focused on the methodological aspects of clinical studies evaluating the value of HA fitting as part of tinnitus management over the past 10 years. Thirty-four studies were included in the review, showing important heterogeneity in almost all aspects of inclusion criteria, comparators, outcome measures, follow-up time and HA fitting procedures. Although all studies show that HA fitting has a positive impact on tinnitus perception in patients with hearing loss, the methodological heterogeneity does not allow robust conclusions. Future studies taking into account the different nature and goals of each tinnitus therapeutic modality and adapting their methods, endpoints and timelines according to them could lay the groundwork for obtaining high-quality evidence on whether and how HA fitting shall be implemented in tinnitus management strategies.

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A Comparison of Methods for the Measurement of Activated Factor VII

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1656369 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 68 (03) ◽

pp. 301-305 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

S Kitchen ◽

R G Malia ◽

F E Preston

Keyword(s):

Factor Viia ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Factor Vii ◽

Haemophilia A ◽

Reference Ranges ◽

Activated Factor Vii ◽

Normal Individuals ◽

Antigen Assay ◽

Activity State ◽

Almost All

SummaryA number of different methods are available for the measurement of factor VIIa. Almost all of these employ ratios of two different measurements of factor VII. In order to determine which is the most sensitive to activated factor VII we have compared currently available methods in the following groups: two patients with haemophilia A following treatment with activated recombinant factor VII (rVII a); 6 normal plasmas during cold promoted activation of factor VII; normal individuals (n = 23); and patients with unequivocal disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC, n = 19). Factor VII was measured in an amidolytic assay (VII: Amid) and an antigen assay (VII:Ag). Clotting activity was measured using rabbit (VII:C Rab), human (VII:C Hum) and bovine (VII:C Bov) thromboplastin.Of the clotting assays the most sensitive to the presence of factor VIIa was that which utilised bovine thromboplastin. Amidolytic and immunological measurements were unaffected by the activity state of factor VII. The ratios VII:C Rab/VII: Ag and VII:C Rab/VII:Amid were insensitive to activated factor VII. The ratios most sensitive to the presence of factor VII a were VII:C Bov/VII: Amid and VII: C Bov/VII:Ag. The ratios VII:C Bov/VII:C Rab and VII:C Bov/VII:C Hum are less sensitive but have the advantage for epidemiological studies of narrower reference ranges.

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Biological foundation for periodontitis as a potential risk factor for atherosclerosis

Journal of Periodontal Research ◽

10.1111/j.1600-0765.2004.00771.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 87-95 ◽

Cited By ~ 62

Author(s):

Yong-Hee P. Chun ◽

Kyoung-Ryul J. Chun ◽

De'Avlin Olguin ◽

Hom-Lay Wang

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Potential Risk Factor ◽

Biological Foundation

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The importance of evaluating specific myeloid malignancies in epidemiological studies of environmental carcinogens

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-07908-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

K. A. Mundt ◽

L. D. Dell ◽

P. Boffetta ◽

E. M. Beckett ◽

H. N. Lynch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tobacco Smoking ◽

Myeloid Leukemia ◽

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Sufficient Evidence ◽

International Agency ◽

Environmental Carcinogens ◽

Epidemiological Evidence ◽

Myeloid Malignancies ◽

Chemical Agents

Abstract Introduction Although myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) – including chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) – and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) are largely clinically distinct myeloid malignancies, epidemiological studies rarely examine them separately and often combine them with lymphoid malignancies, limiting possible etiological interpretations for specific myeloid malignancies. Methods We systematically evaluated the epidemiological literature on the four chemical agents (1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, benzene, and tobacco smoking, excluding pharmaceutical, microbial and radioactive agents, and pesticides) classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as having sufficient epidemiological evidence to conclude that each causes “myeloid malignancies.” Literature searches of IARC Monographs and PubMed identified 85 studies that we critically assessed, and for appropriate subsets, summarized results using meta-analysis. Results Only two epidemiological studies on 1,3-butadiene were identified, but reported findings were inadequate to evaluate specific myeloid malignancies. Studies on formaldehyde reported results for AML and CML – and not for MDS or MPN – but reported no increased risks. For benzene, several specific myeloid malignancies were evaluated, with consistent associations reported with AML and MDS and mixed results for CML. Studies of tobacco smoking examined all major myeloid malignancies, demonstrating consistent relationships with AML, MDS and MPN, but not with CML. Conclusions Surprisingly few epidemiological studies present results for specific myeloid malignancies, and those identified were inconsistent across studies of the same exposure, as well as across chemical agents. This exercise illustrates that even for agents classified as having sufficient evidence of causing “myeloid malignancies,” the epidemiological evidence for specific myeloid malignancies is generally limited and inconsistent. Future epidemiological studies should report findings for the specific myeloid malignancies, as combining them post hoc – where appropriate – always remains possible, whereas disaggregation may not. Furthermore, combining results across possibly discrete diseases reduces the chances of identifying important malignancy-specific causal associations.

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Polyphenols and Cognition In Humans: An Overview of Current Evidence from Recent Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses

Brain Plasticity ◽

10.3233/bpl-200111 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Daniel Joseph Lamport ◽

Claire Michelle Williams

Keyword(s):

Systematic Reviews ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cognitive Outcome ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Duration Of Treatment ◽

Current Evidence Base ◽

Cognitive Benefits ◽

Meta Analyses ◽

The Impact

There is increasing interest in the impact of dietary influences on the brain throughout the lifespan, ranging from improving cognitive development in children through to attenuating ageing related cognitive decline and reducing risk of neurodegenerative diseases. Polyphenols, phytochemicals naturally present in a host of fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa and other foods, have received particular attention in this regard, and there is now a substantial body of evidence from experimental and epidemiological studies examining whether their consumption is associated with cognitive benefits. The purpose of this overview is to synthesise and evaluate the best available evidence from two sources, namely meta-analyses and systematic reviews, in order to give an accurate reflection of the current evidence base for an association between polyphenols and cognitive benefits. Four meta-analyses and thirteen systematic reviews published between 2017–2020 were included, and were categorised according to whether they reviewed specific polyphenol-rich foods and classes or all polyphenols. A requirement for inclusion was assessment of a behavioural cognitive outcome in humans. A clear and consistent theme emerged that whilst there is support for an association between polyphenol consumption and cognitive benefits, this conclusion is tentative, and by no means definitive. Considerable methodological heterogeneity was repeatedly highlighted as problematic such that the current evidence base does not support reliable conclusions relating to efficacy of specific doses, duration of treatment, or sensitivity in specific populations or certain cognitive domains. The complexity of multiple interactions between a range of direct and indirect mechanisms of action is discussed. Further research is required to strengthen the reliability of the evidence base.

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Relationship between NAFLD and Periodontal Disease from the View of Clinical and Basic Research, and Immunological Response

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22073728 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (7) ◽

pp. 3728

Author(s):

Masahiro Hatasa ◽

Sumiko Yoshida ◽

Hirokazu Takahashi ◽

Kenichi Tanaka ◽

Yoshihito Kubotsu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Basic Research ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Periodontopathic Bacteria ◽

In Vivo Animal Model ◽

The Relationship

Periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease caused by pathogenic oral microorganisms that leads to the destruction of alveolar bone and connective tissues around the teeth. Although many studies have shown that periodontal disease is a risk factor for systemic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and periodontal disease has not yet been clarified. Thus, the purpose of this review was to reveal the relationship between NAFLD and periodontal disease based on epidemiological studies, basic research, and immunology. Many cross-sectional and prospective epidemiological studies have indicated that periodontal disease is a risk factor for NAFLD. An in vivo animal model revealed that infection with periodontopathic bacteria accelerates the progression of NAFLD accompanied by enhanced steatosis. Moreover, the detection of periodontopathic bacteria in the liver may demonstrate that the bacteria have a direct impact on NAFLD. Furthermore, Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induces inflammation and accumulation of intracellular lipids in hepatocytes. Th17 may be a key molecule for explaining the relationship between periodontal disease and NAFLD. In this review, we attempted to establish that oral health is essential for systemic health, especially in patients with NAFLD.

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Evaluation of blood type as a potential risk factor for early postpartum hemorrhage

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0214840 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. e0214840 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mais Ali-Saleh ◽

Ofer Lavie ◽

Yoram Abramov

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽

Potential Risk Factor ◽

Blood Type ◽

Early Postpartum

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Genetic polymorphism of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase as a potential risk factor for congenital heart disease

Medicine ◽

10.1097/md.0000000000007057 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 96 (23) ◽

pp. e7057 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ye Yuan ◽

Xia Yu ◽

Fenglan Niu ◽

Na Lu

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Genetic Polymorphism ◽

Potential Risk ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽

Potential Risk Factor

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Effects of Polyphenol Intake on Metabolic Syndrome: Current Evidences from Human Trials

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2017/5812401 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2017 ◽

pp. 1-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

Gemma Chiva-Blanch ◽

Lina Badimon

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Type Ii Diabetes ◽

Randomized Trials ◽

Virgin Olive Oil ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Aromatic Plants ◽

Polyphenol Intake ◽

Public Health Strategies

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors which severely increases the risk of type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Several epidemiological studies have observed a negative association between polyphenol intake and MetS rates. Nevertheless, there are relatively small numbers of interventional studies evidencing this association. This review is focused on human interventional trials with polyphenols as polyphenol-rich foods and dietary patterns rich in polyphenols in patients with MetS. Current evidence suggests that polyphenol intake has the potential to alleviate MetS components by decreasing body weight, blood pressure, and blood glucose and by improving lipid metabolism. Therefore, high intake of polyphenol-rich foods such as nuts, fruits, vegetables, seasoning with aromatic plants, spices, and virgin olive oil may be the cornerstone of a healthy diet preventing the development and progression of MetS, although there is no polyphenol or polyphenol-rich food able to influence all MetS features. However, inconsistent results have been found in different trials, and more long-term randomized trials are warranted to develop public health strategies to decrease MetS rates.

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