scholarly journals Ameliorative potentials of Persea americana leaf extract on toxicants - induced oxidative assault in multiple organs of wistar albino rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temidayo Ogunmoyole ◽  
Iretiogo Dada ◽  
Oluwatosin Adebukola Adebamigbe
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Background Persea americana (PA) is a popular medicinal plant in folkloric medicines. The present study therefore investigates the ameliorative potentials of its leaves extract on carbon tetrachloride and rifampicin-induced toxicity in the liver, kidney and heart of albino rat. This was aimed at assessing the potentials of the plant in the management of liver, kidney and heart diseases. Methodology Forty (40) rats were randomly divided into eight (8) groups of five animals each. Groups I and II were administered with only distilled water and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) respectively. Groups III and IV animals received 3.0 ml/kg bw of CCl4 and were treated with the extract at 50 mg/kg bw and 100 mg/kg respectively, while group V received 100 mg/kg bw. of silymarin orally for 14 days. Groups VI animals were administered with rifampicin (250 mg/kg bw.) only, while groups VII and VIII animals received rifampicin and were treated with 50 mg and 100 mg/kg bw of the extract respectively. Activities of creatine kinase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, superoxide dismutase, catalase as well as levels of urea, uric acid, bilirubin and malonidialdehyde (MDA) were assayed. Lipid profiles and histopathological examination of liver and kidney slices were also performed. Result Treatment with P. americana significantly (p < 0.05) restored all deranged biochemical parameters (creatine kinase, aspartate amino transferase, alanine amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, uric acid, bilirubin, MDA, lipid profile as well as superoxide dismutase and catalase) in a dose-dependent manner. Normal hepatic and renal histoarchitecture were also restored following treatment with P. americana. Conclusion Amelioration of distorted cardiac, hepatic and renal histoarchitecture as well as restoration of lipid profile, biomarkers of liver and kidney injury and antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) affirm the potential usefulness of P. americana in the management of liver, kidney and heart diseases.

scholarly journals Blood plasma chemistry in White Sea bearded seals across different age groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
IA Erokhina ◽  
NN Kavtsevich
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Blood Chemistry ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Bearded Seal ◽  
Γ Globulins ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Blood chemistry values are reported for the bearded seal species (Erignathus barbatus barbatus Erxleben, 1777) from the White Sea. 27 blood plasma indices are used to describe the state of the metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, minerals (total protein, albumin, α-, β-, γ-globulins, urea, creatinine, uric acid, glucose, lactic acid, total lipids, triglycerides, cholesterol, calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, magnesium, iron, copper, chlorides, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, γ-glutamyl transferase, creatine kinase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase) in 3-, 5- and 10-year-old seals. The values of the studied parameters are similar to published data for bearded seal populations in other Arctic regions, as well as being in close agreement with indicators of other pinniped species of the same age. The plasma content of total protein, albumin, α-, β-, γ-globulins, urea, uric acid, total lipids, calcium, magnesium, sodium, and chlorides is invariable in animals of the studied ages. In common with other pinnipeds and land-based mammals, age-related changes in metabolic rates in the studied animal groups are most pronounced in the activity level of key metabolism enzymes. While aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase activity is higher in adult seals than in immature animals, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activity is lower. Changes in biochemical parameters of bearded seal blood at the ages of 3, 5 and 10 years indicate a catabolic orientation in metabolism at all studied development stages. Although more research is needed to investigate the biological significance of a number of blood indices, the data presented in this study provide initial baseline blood chemistry parameters for use in assessing the condition of individual seals, as well as informing monitoring and management efforts for wild seal populations.

Effect of seasons on blood biochemical parameters in male dromedary camels in Algeria

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahim Hamad ◽  
Hebib Aggad ◽  
Leyla Hadef ◽  
Aicha Adaika
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dromedary Camels ◽  
Blood Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase ◽  
Different Seasons

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of different seasons on blood biochemical parameters of male dromedary camels in Algeria. A total number of 30 clinically healthy camels from five to seven years old were sampled in this study and biochemical analysis were performed using an automatic analyzer. The obtained results showed that the urea, creatine kinase and alanine amino transferase concentrations increased significantly during summer compared to other seasons. However, lactate dehydrogenase concentration increased significantly during winter versus other seasons. On the other hand, no significant effect of season was found on glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase concentrations.

scholarly journals Propolis Prevents Hepatorenal Injury Induced by Chronic Exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Bhadauria
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Chronic Injury ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Propolis Extract ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a well-known hepatotoxicant, and its exposure induces hepatorenal injury via oxidative stress and biochemical alterations. This study had been conducted to confirm the protective role of propolis extract on CCl4-induced hepatorenal oxidative stress and resultant injury. Propolis extracts collected from Gwalior district and 24 female Sprague Dawley rats were used for experiment. Animals were exposed to CCl4(0.15 mL/kg, i.p.) for 12 weeks (5 days/week) followed by treatment with propolis extract (200 mg/kg, p.o.) for consecutive 2 weeks. CCl4exposure significantly depleted blood sugar and hemoglobin level and raised the level of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, protein, urea, albumin, bilirubin, creatinine, triglycerides, and cholesterol in serum. Lipid peroxidation was enhanced, whereas GSH was decreased significantly in liver and kidney in CCl4-intoxicated group. Ethanolic extract of propolis successfully prevented these alterations in experimental animals. Activities of catalase, adenosine triphosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, acid, and alkaline phosphatase were also maintained towards normal with propolis therapy. Light microscopical studies showed considerable protection in liver and kidney with propolis treatment, thus, substantiated biochemical observations. This study confirmed hepatoprotective potential of propolis extract against chronic injury induced by CCl4by regulating antioxidative defense activities.

scholarly journals The effect of avocado seed powder (Persea americana Mill.) on the liver and kidney functions and meat quality of culled female quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1608-1615
Author(s):  
Elly Tugiyanti ◽  
Ning Iriyanti ◽  
Yosua Sujud Apriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Female Quail ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Avocado Seed

Background and Aim: High temperatures have a detrimental effect on quail performance, even disrupting the immune system and function of the internal organs. This research aimed to investigate the effectiveness of avocado seed powder supplements on meat quality and the liver and kidney functions of culled female quails. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 six-month-old culled female quail were allotted to four dietary treatments, i.e., R0: Basal feed without avocado seed powder supplement and R1, R2, and R3 with basal feed + 3%, 6%, and 9% avocado seed powder supplement, respectively. The observed variables included meat quality (protein, fat, cholesterol and meat collagen, water holding capacity, and tenderness), liver function (liver weight, serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase [SGOT], and serum glutamic pyruvate transaminase [SGPT]), and kidney function (urea level, creatinine, uric acid, albumin, and glucose). Results: Analysis of variance showed that avocado seed powder supplements significantly affected the level of SGOT, urea, creatinine, protein, fat, cholesterol, meat tenderness, and cooking loss. A non-significant effect was found on liver weight, SGPT, uric acid, albumin and glucose blood level, collagen, or water holding capacity level. Conclusion: Avocado seed powder supplements improved meat quality as well as the liver and kidney functions of the culled female quail.

scholarly journals Amelioration of Chemical Induced Hepatic Injury by Vitex agnus castus ExtractAmelioration of Chemical Induced Hepatic Injury by Vitex agnus castus Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Rotimi Sunday Ajani ◽  
Nyerhovwo Abijah Akpovwovwo ◽  
Theophilus A. Jarikre ◽  
Benjamin O. Emikpe
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Structural Alterations ◽  
Agnus Castus ◽  
Aspartate Amino Transferase

Objective: The liver is the major organ of detoxification of ingested materials such as food, beverages and drugs, thus it is prone to toxicity with attendant pathologies. We studied the ability of Vitex agnus castus plant extract to ameliorate the biochemical and structural alterations in Wistar rats with carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats were allotted into eight equal groups. Group1 was normal control (NC); Group 2 Liver injury without extract (LI). The remaining six groups were paired composite group of varying dosage of the plant extract (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg). Only one member of each pair had induced liver injury. Consequently, the groups were Low extract without liver injury (LE), Low extract with liver injury (LEL); Medium extract without liver injury(ME)  Medium extract with liver injury (MEL) and High extract without liver injury (HE),High extract with liver injury (HEL).The biochemical parameters evaluated were the liver function test {Total protein plus globulin and albumen fractions; liver enzymes- alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase}. Oxidative stress was evaluated by measuring the activities of antioxidants namely; Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase, Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx).Histology of the harvested liver specimens was used to assess the structural alterations. Results: The mean liver weight was highest in the HEL group and significantly different from that of its control (HE) and NC.The mean serum total protein of all the groups were significantly higher than that of the NC.The mean aspartate amino transferase levels of the LEL, ME and MEL groups were significantly lower than that of the control while that of the HEL was significantly higher than those of the LEL and MEL. The results of alanine amino transferase were similar to those of aspartate amino transferase. The alkaline phosphatase levels in all the experimental groups were significantly depressed when compared with the control. Amongst the experimental groups, the serum alkaline phosphatase level was significantly raised than those of the LEL, and MEL groups. The glutathione (GSH) activities of LE, HE and HEL were significantly lower. While the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity of the control was significantly lower to those of groups LEL, ME, MEL and HEL.Histopathology of the liver showed preservation of the liver architecture with normal hepatocytes in all the groups. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of Vitex agnus castus was able to reduce the severity of carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury in wistar rats.

scholarly journals Endosulphan Concentration alters biomarkers in albino rat

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 14-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabiha Khan
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Heart Attack ◽  
Lysosomal Enzymes ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
The Body ◽  
Renal Tubules ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Renal Necrosis

Effect of 11.01ppm of endosulfan dose on the enzyme Acid phosphatase and Alkaline phosphatase in liver and kidney of 5 week of swiss albino rat was studied for different period of exposure. The enzyme activity increased due to congestion, biliary hindrance and hyperplasia swelling of renal tubules and vacuolization. Phosphatase testing is used to assess enzymatic damage caused by kidney disease, liver disease, or a heart attack. Primary site of organochlorine storage in the body is adipose tissue. It is metabolized in the liver as a lipophilic xenobiotic to hepatotoxic intermediates by mono-oxygenase systems which cause oxidative stress. Increase in acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activity is due to leakage of lysosomal enzymes into the cytoplasm and renal necrosis and pyknotic nuclei. Endosulphan effects the biomarker of albino rat.

scholarly journals Disorders of calcium and phosphorus metabolism in patients with acquired heart diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
I. Yu. Zhuravleva ◽  
A. V. Veremeev ◽  
O. N. Khryachkova ◽  
N. G. Nikonorova
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

Some calcium/phosphorus metabolism indices were studied in patients with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) and patients with infective endocarditis (IE). Concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D, superoxide dismutase (SOD), the total amount of peroxides and the activity of alkaline phosphatase and its bone isoenzyme were measured in the blood serum of 88 patients (men aged 65 years, with 67 of them having RHD and 21 -IE). Hypocalcemia, vitamin D deficiency, an increase in PTH and peroxides, as well as a significant decrease in SOD concentrations when compared to the reference values were detected in both groups. The patients with IE had increased osteocalcin concentrations and higher alkaline phosphatase activity, while those with RHD were diagnosed with hypophosphatemia. Some mechanisms and pathogenic relationships of the identified abnormalities are discussed. RHD and IE are shown to lead to significant disorders of systemic calcium/phosphorus metabolism.

scholarly journals Antioxidants and Hepatoprotective Study of a Purified Bauhinia Variegate Leaves and Flowers Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Toxicity in Experimental Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-422
Author(s):  
Jameelah Kadhim Taher Al-Isawi ◽  
Essam Fadel Al-Jumaily
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Liver Homogenate ◽  
Histological Finding ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters ◽  
Serum Biochemical

This study was designed to investigate the hepatoprotective activity and antioxidant enzymes of purified Bauhinia variegate leaves extract and purified flowers extract were administered (200 mg/kg, orally once daily) to reduce the effect of carbon tetrachloride-damage in rat's liver for three weeks. Thereafter, the levels of some serum biochemical factors such as alanine amino transferase, aspartate amino transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and the activity of three different antioxidant enzymes (glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) were investigated. Liver homogenate can used to estimated antioxidant parameters: glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase. The purified Bauhinia variegate leaves and purified flowers significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the carbon tetrachloride-induced increase in alanine aminotransferase (149.0± 4.40 and 133.08±6.84) unit/L, aspartate aminotransferase (114±9.28 and 117.93±1.96) unit/L, alkaline phosphatase (3.60±0.28 and 2.43±0.11) unit/100 ml, levels at the tested doses, respectively after treatment. However, purified Bauhinia variegate leaves and purified flowers treatment noticeably improved the activity of antioxidant limitations: glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase. The hepatoprotective activity can confirmed by histological finding. From these results it can be concluded that the Bauhinia variegate leaves and flowers extracts contain remarkable of flavonoid can be used as reducing oxidative stress.

Hepato- and Nephroprotective Effects of the Polyphenol Concentrate From Cabernet Sauvignon Grape Varieties Cultivated in Kazakhstan in the Experimental Model Of CCL4-Induced Toxicity

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurgozhin T. ◽  
Sergazy S. H. ◽  
Adilgozhina G. ◽  
Gulyayev A. ◽  
Shulgau Z. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Antioxidant Stress

Objective:This study investigates the hepatoprotective effect and the antioxidant role of polyphenol concentrate in the experimental model of carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced toxicity. Methods: Antioxidant activity of Cabernet Sauvignon grape polyphenol were evaluated by radical scavenging of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS.+). In addition, the effects of polyphenol concentrate on the survival of Wistar rats in the toxicity model, was also investigated. The polyphenol concentrate was administered for 5 five days prior to injection of carbon tetrachloride in a sub-lethal dose of 300 mg/kg of animal body weight in order to perform histological examinations of the liver and kidney, and detect the levels of AST, ALT and bilirubin. Results: Administration of polyphenol concentrate increased animal survival in the experimental model. Moreover, the intragastric administration of polyphenol concentrate prior to the initiation of the experimental model of toxicity, which was caused by a sub-lethal CCl4 dose, reduced morphological injuries in the liver and kidney, decreased the AST and ALT levels of the blood serum. Discussion and conclusion: Our data demonstrate that polyphenol concentrate possesses an antioxidant potential both in vitro and in vivo by reducing antioxidant stress that was caused by CCl4 administration into rats.

Effect of 1,3,6-trimethyl-5-hydroxyuracil succinate on the antioxidant system and free-radical processes in the liver of adult and old rats treated with carbon tetrachloride

2018 ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
И.Д. Габдрахманова ◽  
В.А. Мышкин ◽  
Д.А. Еникеев ◽  
А.Р. Гимадиева
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Complex Compound ◽  
Antiradical Activity ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Radical Processes

Цель исследования: изучение влияния сукцината 1,3,6-триметил-5-гидроксиурацила на антиоксидантную систему и свободнорадикальные процессы в печени взрослых и старых крыс при воздействии тетрахлорметана. Методика. В эксперименте использованы половозрелые животные 12-месячного возраста со средней массой 250 г и старые животные 24-месячного возраста, средней массой 395 г по 30 особей в каждой возрастной группе. Токсическое поражение печени вызывали подкожным введением 50%-ного масляного раствора тетрахлорметана (ТХМ, 2 г/кг) в течение 4 сут. Одновременно с токсикантом опытным животным внутрибрюшинно вводили водный раствор коплексного соединения сукцинат-1,3,6-триметил-5-гидроксиурацила (2,5 мг/100 г) 3 раза в сут. в течение первых 4 сут. и в течение последующих 3 сут. 1 раз в сут. Контролем служили опытные животные, которым вводили физиологический раствор в том же объеме. Изучали окислительную модификацию белков, перекисное окисление липидов (по содержанию ТБК-реагирующих продуктов, уровню гидроперекисей липидов и содержанию диеновых конъюгатов). Состояние антиоксидантной системы оценивали по активности ферментов супероксиддисмутазы, каталазы и глутатионпероксидазы, определяемых биохимическими методами. Антирадикальную активность комплексного соединения и его составляющих субстанций исследовали в модельной системе «этилбензол-ледяная уксусная кислота» с вычислением константы К - скорости взаимодействия перекисных радикалов с молекулами изучаемого соединения в сравнении с эталонным антиоксидантом-ионолом с витамином Е. Результаты. Сукцинат + 1,3,6-триметил-5-гидрокси-урацила существенно снижает токсическое действие ТХМ на печень взрослых и старых крыс, устраняет дисбаланс в системах свободнорадикального окисления белков у старых крыс, статистически значимо улучшает показатели свободнорадикального окисления (СРО) липидов в печени взрослых и старых крыс: снижает уровень продуктов ПОЛ - гидроперекисей, диеновых конъюгатов, ТБК-реагирующих продуктов, а также улучшает работу антиоксидантной системы (АОС), повышая активность каталазы, супероксиддисмутазы и глутатионпероксидазы. Установлена высокая антирадикальная активность изучаемого препарата сопоставимая с активностью эталонного антиоксиданта ионола. Заключение. Сукцинат и его производные способны выступать как индивидуальные вещества с непосредственным антирадикальным механизмом действия, а не только как стимуляторы ферментативных систем антиоксидантной защиты. Aim. To study the effect of a complex compound, 1,3,6-trimethyl-5-hydroxyuracil succinate, on the antioxidant system and free radical processes induced by carbon tetrachloride in the liver of adult and old rats. Methods. The study used sexually mature animals aged 12 months and weighing 250 g and old animals aged 24 months weighing 395 g (total n= 60, 30 rats in each age group). Toxic damage of liver was induced by subcutaneous injections of a 50% oil solution of carbon tetrachloride (CTC) at 2 g/kg for 4 days. Together with the toxicant, experimental animals were injected with a water solution of a complex compound, succinate 1,3,6-trimethyl-5-hydroxyuracil, at a dose of 2.5 mg/100 g, i.p., 3 times per day for the first 4 days and once daily for the following 3 days. Experimental animals were used as controls, which were administered saline in the same volume. Oxidative modifications of proteins, lipid peroxidation (by levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides, and conjugated dienes) were studied. Condition of the antioxidant system was evaluated by activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase using biochemical methods. Antiradical activity of the complex compound and its components was studied in a model system of ethylbenzene-glacial acetic acid; the K7 constant of the rate of peroxide radical interaction with molecules of the studied compound was compared with the reference antioxidant ionol with vitamin E. Results. Succinate +1.3.6-trimethyl-5-hydroxyuracil, considerably reduced TXM hepatotoxicity in adult and old rats; removed the disbalance in free radical systems of protein oxidation in old rats; significantly improved indexes of free-radical oxidation (FRO) of hepatic lipids in adult and old rats; decreased levels of LP products, hydroperoxides, conjugated dienes, and TBARS, and enhanced performance of the antioxidant system (AOS) by increasing activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase. The study demonstrated a high antiradical activity of the study drug comparable with the activity of the reference antioxidant, ionol. Сonclusion. Succinate and its derivatives can perform as individual substances with a direct antiradical mechanism of action rather than as stimulators of enzymic systems of antioxidant defence.

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