High sodium food consumption pattern among Malaysian population

Abstract Background Sodium is an essential mineral needed by the human body that must be obtained from food. An excess intake, however, can lead to many diseases. As food is the main source of sodium, this study aims to provide information on high sodium food consumption patterns in the Malaysian adult population. Methods The Malaysian Community Salt Study (MyCoSS) was a nationwide cross-sectional study, conducted between October 2017 and March 2018. A multistage complex sample was applied to select a nationally representative sample of respondents aged 18 years and above. Face to face interview by a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) comprising 104 food items was used to gain information on high sodium food consumption patterns. Results A total of 1047 respondents were involved in this study, with 1032 (98.6%) answering the FFQ. From the number, 54.1% exceed the recommendation of sodium intake <2000mg/day by FFQ assessment. The results also demonstrated that fried vegetables (86.4%) were the most common high sodium food consumed, followed by bread (85.9%) and omelet (80.3%). In urban areas, bread was the most common while fried vegetables took the lead in rural areas. By sex, bread was most commonly eaten by males and fried vegetables by females. The results also found that kolok mee/kampua mee contributed the highest sodium, 256.5mg/day in 9.0% adult population, followed by soy sauce 248.1mg/day in 33.2% adult population, and curry noodles 164.2mg/day in 18.5% adult population. Conclusion Fried vegetables, bread, and soy sauce were the main source of sodium consumption among adult. Reducing the amount of sodium added to these foods should be the top priority to reduce population sodium intake and thereby prevent sodium-related diseases in Malaysia.

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SUSTAINABLE FOOD CONSUMPTION IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS IN POLAND

Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0013.5380 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol XXI (4) ◽

pp. 542-550

Author(s):

Monika Utzig

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Vegetable Consumption ◽

Rural Households ◽

Sustainable Consumption ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Sustainable Food ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Food Consumption Pattern

The aim of the paper is to identify changes in the food consumption of urban and rural households in Poland when it comes to sustainable consumption as well as evaluate if such changes are becoming more or less sustainable. Sustainable consumption is an element of sustainable development, which responds to the basic needs of people while not jeopardizing the needs of future generations. More sustainable food consumption is perceived to be a reduction of overconsumption, a decrease in the consumption of highly processed food and a shift in diet based less on animals and more on plants. The paper is mainly based on data from the Polish Central Statistical Office concerning meat, fruit and vegetable consumption. Some data about food waste were also used. The research shows that the food consumption pattern in rural households is less sustainable than in urban ones. Households living in rural areas consume more meat and less fruit and vegetables than urban ones. There is some evidence that the food consumption pattern in Poland is shifting towards a less sustainable one.

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Food Consumption Patterns, Breakfast, Meals with Family and Associations with Common Mental Disorders in Adolescents: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1108492/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lucia Helena Almeida Gratão ◽

Milene Cristine Pessoa ◽

Thales Philipe Rodrigues da Silva ◽

Luana Lara Rocha ◽

Monique Louise Cassimiro Inácio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Disorders ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Common Mental Disorders ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Consumption Patterns ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Eating Practices ◽

Food Consumption Pattern

Abstract BackgroundAdolescence is a period of transition and vulnerabilities, in which mental illnesses can develop more easily. The objective of this work is to verify the association between food consumption patterns and the presence of Common Mental Disorders in Brazilian adolescents. MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study which analyzed data from 71,553 Brazilian adolescents aged 12-17 years, from the ERICA Study. Principal Component Analysis was performed to identify Food Consumption Patterns, and Logistic Regression Models were performed to identify the associations between Common Mental Disorders, Food Consumption Patterns, and eating practices that are breakfast consumption and practice of having meals accompanied by family. ResultsTwo patterns were found, a Healthy Food Consumption Pattern and a Unhealthy Food Consumption Pattern. Adolescents classified in the second (OR: 0.77; 95% CI 0.68 - 0.88) or third (OR: 0.87; 95% CI 0.74 - 0.95) tercile of the Healthy Food Consumption Pattern had a lower chance of having Common Mental Disorders, while those who belonged to the third tercile of the Unhealthy Food Consumption Pattern (OR: 1.22; 95% CI 1.02 - 1.42), had an increased chance of having Common Mental Disorders. Eating breakfast sometimes (OR: 0.69; 95% CI 0.59 - 0.80) or almost every day/every day (OR: 0.52; 95% CI 0.46 - 0.59), and the practice of having the main meals with the family sometimes (OR: 0.64; 95% CI 0.54 - 0.75) or almost every day/every day (OR: 0.48; 95% CI 0.40-0.55), decreased the chance for Common Mental Disorders.ConclusionStrategies to promote the mental health of adolescents as the adoption of healthy eating practices must be strengthened and promoted.

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Food Consumption Patterns of Adult Population in Rural and Urban Areas of Faizabad District of Uttar Pradesh, India

International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) ◽

10.21275/v5i2.nov161620 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 2080-2084 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Adult Population ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Consumption Patterns ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban

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Hubungan Pola Konsumsi Makanan Kariogenik dengan Kejadian Karies Gigi pada Anak Sekolah Dasar

Indonesian Scholar Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Science (ISJNMS) ◽

10.54402/isjnms.v1i01.7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (01) ◽

pp. 9-15

Author(s):

Acep Hamzah

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Design Research ◽

Consumption Patterns ◽

School Age Children ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Food Consumption Pattern

Introduction: Dental caries are a disease that damages tissue caused by emial and dentine Demineralization especially school-age children generally caries due to high interest and become a favorite in consuming kariogenic food So that the consumption pattern of karyogenic foods is very high. The purpose of this research is to know the relationship of consumption patterns of karyogenic foods with dental carise. Method: Design research using descriptive analytic and cross sectional approach in 131 elementary school children with the technique of random sempling. Questionnaire to measure consumption patterns of karyogenic foods ie FFQ (food frequency questionnere) and dental caries test with DMF-T (Decay Missing Filled-Teeth). The analysis of this research uses the Chi-square test. Result: This study describes the high carcinogenic food consumption pattern of 77 respondents (58.8%), and children with dental caries of 33 respondents (61.1%). Describing the food consumption pattern of kariogenic foods with the incidence of dental caries on the children of SDN Rangkapan Jaya Baru Depok with results and P-value (0.000). Discussion : The pattern of consumption of cariogenic food with the incidence of dental caries in children at SDN X showed the majority of the pattern of consumption of high cariogenic food and children with dental caries. The results of the analysis show that there is a relationship between cariogenic food consumption patterns and the incidence of dental caries in children. In conclusion there was a relationship of kariogenic food consumption pattern with the incidence of dental caries.

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PERKEMBANGAN KONSUMSI TERIGU DAN PANGAN OLAHANNYA DI INDONESIA 1993-2005

Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan ◽

10.25182/jgp.2007.2.1.8-15 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hardinsyah Hardinsyah ◽

Leily Amalia

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Wheat Flour ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Processed Food ◽

Fried Food ◽

Consumption Level ◽

Processed Products ◽

Instant Noodle

The objective of this study was to analyze trend of wheat flour consumption and its processed products in Indonesia since 1993 until 2005. The data used were food consumption data of Socio-economic Survey (SUSENAS) collected by Statistics Indonesia (Badan Pusat Statistik, BPS). The results showed that the wheat flour consumption and its processed products tended to increase from 1993 to 2005. The rapid increase was occurred in the period of 1993-1996 and 1999-2005. Three kinds of wheat flour-processed products that significantly increased were instant noodle, fried food and snack for children. The average consumption level of wheat flour and their processed products in 2005 in urban areas were higher than the consumption level in rural areas, namely 47.7 vs. 36.3 g/cap/d. Among all of the wheat flour-processed food, wheat flour based-fried food, instant noodle, and noodle with meat ball (mie bakso) were the most three popular kind of wheat flour processed products consumed by Indonesian people, 49.4, 48.6 and 44.7% respectively. The consumption pattern was relatively similar between urban and rural areas. It indicated that wheat flour processed food had already been a part of food consumption pattern of Indonesian people.

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Food consumption pattern and obesity in preschool children in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil

Revista de Nutrição ◽

10.1590/1678-98652017000500009 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (5) ◽

pp. 639-650

Author(s):

Karina Emanuella Peixoto de Souza GOMES ◽

Maria Conceição Oliveira COSTA ◽

Tatiana de Oliveira VIEIRA ◽

Sheila Maria Alvim MATOS ◽

Graciete Oliveira VIEIRA

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Dietary Pattern ◽

Fast Food ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Consumption Patterns ◽

Birth Cohort Study ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Artificial Fruit

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the association between food consumption patterns and obesity in preschool children in Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil. Methods Cross-sectional, population-based nested within a live-birth cohort study of 813 children, which has started in 2004 in Feira de Santana, Bahia. The anthropometric status among children under four years of age was evaluated based on their body mass index; obesity/severe obesity was defined as a Z-score >+2. The Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to identify dietary patterns using principal components analysis. The association between obesity and food consumption patterns was assessed using Pearson’s Chi-squared test and logistic regression, adopting p<0.05 to denote statistical significance. Results Obesity was detected in 12.7% of the children investigated. Four food consumption patterns were identified: dietary pattern 1 (milk and other dairy products, vegetables and tubers, cereals, legumes, fruits, and fish); dietary pattern 2 (deep-fried or baked snacks, soft drinks/artificial fruit juices, oils and fats, sweets, and coffee/tea); dietary pattern 3 (encased meats, fast food, ketchup/mayonnaise, and eggs); and, dietary pattern 4 (chicken and red meats). Obesity was statistically associated with high adherence to the dietary pattern 3 (OR=1.92; 95%CI=1.01-3.66). Conclusion The results obtained showed that the high intake of energy-dense foods (dietary pattern 3) was a contributing factor to childhood obesity. These data reinforce the need for public policies and food education programs in health units and schools, aiming to change children’s eating habits, significant predictors of nutritional problems.

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The impact of the Greek crisis on the consumers’ behaviour: some initial evidences?

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-11-2012-0279 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 116 (6) ◽

pp. 890-903 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Marie-Noelle Duquenne ◽

George Vlontzos

Keyword(s):

Food Consumption ◽

Economic Crisis ◽

Low Income ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Content Type ◽

The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes on food consumption patterns of households, due to the ongoing economic crisis in Greece. Design/methodology/approach – A sample survey among a random sample of 932 households living in the region of Thessaly, central Greece, was carried out, with the consuming behaviour to be focused on 20 basic food products. An exploratory factor analysis, followed by a hierarchical classification of the households, was implemented. Findings – Six patterns of food consumption's behaviour have been detected, revealing that most of the households have modified their eating habits, by reducing the quantities consumed and/or looking for less expensive brands. Only 15 per cent of the households do not seem to be affected by the crisis and the austerity policy. The spatial dimension of the research signify that low-income households in urban areas, where the majority of the population lives, are deeply affected by the crisis, with these percentages to be even higher at semi-urban and rural areas. Originality/value – This is the first attempt of assessment of the impact of the economic crisis in Greece on food consumption pattern, verifying its significant negative impact on an inelastic need, such food consumption is.

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Temporal variation in prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension in urban and rural areas in Northeast Brazil between 2006 and 2016

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00027819 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Nathália Paula de Souza ◽

Eduarda Ângela Pessoa Cesse ◽

Wayner Vieira de Souza ◽

Annick Fontbonne ◽

Maria Nelly Sobreira de Carvalho Barreto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Abdominal Obesity ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Adult Population ◽

Disease Rate ◽

Northeast Brazil ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

And Control

Abstract: To assess the evolution in prevalence, awareness and control of hypertension for over 10 years in Pernambuco State, Northeast Brazil, two cross-sectional studies were conducted based on random samples of households in urban and rural areas, in 2006 and 2015/2016, involving adults aged 20 years or older. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure of at least 140mmHg or diastolic blood pressure of at least 90mmHg as well as the reported use of antihypertensive medication. A logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the influence of the social, behavioral and anthropometric determinants on hypertension. Although social and behavioral factors improved in this 10-year period, overweight and abdominal obesity increased. Approximately one third of the adult population of Pernambuco had hypertension in 2006 and this prevalence was maintained in 2015/2016. In rural areas, awareness concerning hypertension rose from 44.8% in 2006 to 67.3% in 2015/2016, and control from 5.3% to 27.1%, so that awareness and control were similar in urban and rural areas in 2015/2016. After an adjustment for potential confounding factors, the likelihood of having hypertension more than doubled among men (OR = 2.03; p < 0.001), middle (OR = 4.41; p < 0.001) and old-age subjects (OR = 14.44; p < 0.001), and those who had abdominal obesity (OR = 2.04; p < 0.001) in urban areas and among middle-aged (OR = 2.56; p < 0.001), less educated individuals (OR = 2.21; p = 0.006) and those who were overweight (OR = 2.23; p < 0.001) in rural areas. Despite the favorable evolution in the management of hypertension in Pernambuco, public health measures focused in vulnerable populations are still required, mainly in rural areas, to improve primary prevention and decrease the disease rate.

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PENGOLAHAN DAN PENERIMAAN PRODUK KEDELAI PADA RUMAHTANGGA DI PERKOTAAN DAN PEDESAAN PULAU JAWA INDONESIA

Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan ◽

10.25182/jgp.2006.1.1.36-43 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 36

Author(s):

Rina Yenrina ◽

Yuliana Yuliana ◽

Deddy Muchtadi

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Consumption Pattern ◽

Soy Milk ◽

Acceptance Level ◽

Household Level ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Central Java ◽

Rural And Urban

The study was aimed to get data on kind of processing and acceptance level of local soybean products in rural and urban areas in Java Island. The study locations were South Jakarta (Province of DKI Jakarta); Serang and Tangerang (Province of Banten); Bekasi, Bogor and Bandung (Province of West Java); Purwokerto, Semarang and Solo (Province of Central Java); Yogyakarta (Province of D.I.Yogyakarta); Malang, Jember and Surabaya (Province of East Java). The study was a part of a grand study on processing, acceptance, and consumption pattern of local soybean products at various socio-economic level of households in Java Island in 2005. The data were obtained by interviewing and observing 2080 households (consisted of 1280 households in urban and 800 households in rural areas) selected randomly. Soybean products that mostly found in the market and consumed by households of Indonesian people, particularly in Java Island, were tempe, tauco, soy-sauce, tofu, tofu-flower, soy-sprout, and oncom. The mostly ways to process the soy products were stir-frying, deep-frying, toasting, boiling, and ‘bacem’. Besides, there were also some soy products that consumed directly at a household level after factorized processing, namely as soy-sauce and soy-milk. The average time used to process the soy-products varied, depended on the way of processing and number of the product processed. Stir-frying, especially for tempe, tofu, and tauge, was a frequent way done by poor and rich households, both in urban and rural areas. The products that mostly processed by frying in rural household was tempe, tofu and soybean, meanwhile in urban areas were only tempe and tofu. The everage time used by urban households to fry the soy-products was shorter than time used by rural households. It was found that more than 90% of households in rural and urban areas stated “like” and “like very much” tempe, tofu, and soy-sauce. However, the acceptance level of household on tauco, soy-milk, and soy-flower was still low, namely less than 50%.

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Dietary Sodium Intake and Food Sources among Chinese Adults: Data from the CNNHS 2010–2012

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12020453 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 453 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kehong Fang ◽

Yuna He ◽

Yuehui Fang ◽

Yiyao Lian

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Sodium Intake ◽

Soy Sauce ◽

Dietary Sodium ◽

Food Sources ◽

Chinese Adults ◽

The North ◽

Education Levels ◽

Weighing Method

The present study was done to examine the status of dietary sodium intake and dietary sources of sodium among Chinese adults. Data were obtained from China National Nutrition and Health Surveillance (CNNHS) 2010–2012. All adults recruited in this study provided complete dietary data on three-day consecutive 24-h dietary recalls combining with the household weighing method. Sodium intake was adjusted for energy to 2000 kcal/day using the residual method. Average sodium intake was 5013 (95% Confidence Interval, CI: 4858, 5168) mg/day, and 92.6% of adults’ sodium intake exceeded the standard in the Chinese proposed intake for preventing non-communicable chronic diseases (PI-NCD). The salt added to food was the main contributor to daily sodium intake, representing 69.2% of the total sodium consumption. The proportion of sodium from salt was different in some subgroups. The contribution ranged from 64.8% for those who came from urban areas aged 18–49 years old to 74.7% for those who came from rural areas with education levels of primary school or less, and sodium from soy sauce was the next highest contributor (8.2%). The proportion of the subjects with sodium intake contributed by flour products was higher in the north with 7.1% than the south with 1.4%. The average consumption of sodium among Chinese was more than the recommended amount, and salt was the main source of sodium.

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