scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of some isolated bacteria against the plant parasite nematode Meloidogyne incognita

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaziea Mohamed Soliman ◽  
Hoda Hussein Ameen ◽  
Shadia Mohamed Abdel-Aziz ◽  
Ghada M. El-Sayed
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Achromobacter Xylosoxidans ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Lysinibacillus Sphaericus

Abstract Background Microbial cultures are extensively used as environment friendly ways for biological control of parasitic pests, including the root-knot nematodes, alternative to the use of chemical nematicides. The present study was conducted to isolate some lytic rhizobacteria and examine their nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita J2 mortality and egg hatching in in vitro test. Results Lytic Rhizobacteria were isolated from soil samples adhering to tomato plant roots from different localities at Giza governorate, Egypt. Six bacterial isolates, exhibited high efficacy against root-knot nematodes, were identified based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paenibacillus polymyxa, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Achromobacter xylosoxidans. These strains showed high production of chitinase, chitosanase, and protease using colloidal chitin and soluble chitosan as carbon sources. Two strains, Paenibacillus polymyxa and Bacillus subtilis, produced the highest levels of chitinase in the media. Except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, all the bacterial strains produced high levels of chitosanase. Conclusion The results revealed that high amounts of protease were, however, secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa as compared to the other strains. In in vitro tests, all the bacterial culture filtrates potentially displayed nematicidal effect in M. incognita egg hatching and an obvious increase in J2 mortality as compared to control. Paenibacillus polymyxa caused 100% juvenile mortality followed by Bacillus subtilis 97.25%, Bacillus cereus 94%, Achromobacter xylosoxidans 93%, Lysinibacillus sphaericus 92%, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 84.29% after 48 h of exposure, as compared to control.

Biocontrol efficacy of Bacillus cereus strain Bc-cm103 against Meloidogyne incognita

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nan Yin ◽  
JianLong zhao ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Jian Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Fermentation Broth ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are soil-borne pathogens that infect vegetable crops and cause major economic losses worldwide annually. Therefore, there is an urgent need for novel nematicides or biological control agents to reduce the damage caused by root-knot nematodes. In this study, we tested efficacy of the Bacillus cereus strain Bc-cm103, isolated from the rhizoplane of Cucumis metuliferus, against Meloidogyne incognita. The strain Bc-cm103 fermentation broth caused 100% mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2s) within 12 h and decreased the egg hatching rate by 40.06% within 72 h compared with sterile water. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that strain Bc-cm103 formed a biofilm on cucumber (Cucumis sativus) roots, which protected the roots from the infection of M. incognita. Additionally, strain Bc-cm103 activated the defense-responsive genes PR1, PR2, LOX1, and CTR1 in cucumber. Furthermore, strain Bc-cm103 significantly reduced the appearance of root galls in pot, split-root and field tests. These results indicated that the B. cereus strain Bc-cm103 had a strong suppressive effect on M. incognita and therefore could be used as a potential biocontrol agent against this pathogen.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity and Volatile Nematicidal Metabolites from Duddingtonia flagrans against Meloidogyne incognita

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2268
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Mei ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Guohong Li
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Nematicidal Activity ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Duddingtonia Flagrans ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes

Plant parasitic nematodes, especially parasitic root-knot nematodes, are one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide. The control of plant root-knot nematodes is extremely challenging. Duddingtonia flagrans is a type of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF), which produces three-dimensional adhesive networks to trap nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the NTF D. flagrans against the plant root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were investigated. The predatory process of D. flagrans trapping M. incognita was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the VOCs from D. flagrans led to the identification of 52 metabolites, of which 11 main compounds were tested individually for their activity against M. incognita. Three compounds, cyclohexanamine, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol, were toxic to M. incognita. Furthermore, these three VOCs inhibited egg hatching of M. incognita. Cyclohexanamine showed the highest nematicidal activity, which can cause 97.93% mortality of M. incognita at 8.71 µM within 12 h. The number of hatched juveniles per egg mass after 3 days was just 8.44 when treated with 26.14 µM cyclohexanamine. This study is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal activity of VOCs produced by D. flagrans against M. incognita, which indicates that D. flagrans has the potential to biocontrol plant root-knot nematodes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Multiple Impacts of Furfural Acetone on Nematodes In Vitro and Control Efficiency against Root-Knot Nematodes in Pots and Fields

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Wanli Cheng ◽  
Xue Yang ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
Dian Huang ◽  
Minmin Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Control Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) seriously endanger agricultural development and cause great economic losses worldwide. Natural product furfural acetone (FAc) is a promising nematicide with strong attractant and nematicidal activities, but baseline information about the impact of FAc on the reproduction, egg hatching, feeding, and growth of nematodes and its pest control efficiency in field are lacking. Here, the inhibition effects of FAc on nematodes in vitro and its RKN control efficiency in pot and field were investigated. FAc inhibited the egg hatching of Meloidogyne incognita by 91.7% at 200 mg/L after 2 days and suppressed the reproduction, feeding, and growth of Caenorhabditis elegans in vitro. In pot experiments, FAc in various dosages reduced the disease index of plant root significantly. In field experiments, FAc exhibited control effect on RKNs equivalent to commercial nematicides avermectin and metam sodium, with a reduction in disease index by 36.9% at a dose of 50 mg/plant. FAc also reduced the population density of RKNs in soil, with a reduction rate of 75.3% at the dose of 750 mg/m2. No adverse effect was detected on plant growth after FAc application. These results provide compelling evidence for development of FAc as an appropriate alternative for current nematicides.

scholarly journals Polyurethane Microstructures-a Good or Bad in vitro Partner for the Isoflavone Genistein?

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Danciu ◽  
Florin Borcan ◽  
Codruta Soica ◽  
Istvan Zupko ◽  
Erzsébet Csányi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Micro Structures

In recent years polyurethane microstructures (PM) have gained increasing attention in the pharmaceutical field due to the importance of their practical application. Since finding that such a formulation with genistein could improve its applications, we have conducted a preliminary study regarding the in vitro antiproliferative (MCF7, MDA-MB-231 and T47D) and antimicrobial ( Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella enteritidis (D), Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus, and Candida albicans) activity in order to test whether polyurethane micro structuresre present a good option for further modulation of genistein's bioavailability. It was concluded that the polyurethane micro structures are a bad in vitro partner for the isoflavone genistein.

scholarly journals Composición química del aceite esencial de Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Nyman ex A.W. Hill “perejil” y determinación de su actividad antibacteriana

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
Reider Vivanco T ◽  
Enrique León S ◽  
Américo Castro L ◽  
Norma J Ramos C
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum

El estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la composición química del aceite esencial de las hojas de Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Nyman ex A.W. Hill “perejil” y determinar su actividad antibacteriana. El aceite esencial se obtuvo tratando 20 kg de hojas frescas con un equipo de destilación por arrastre con vapor de agua; obteniéndose cuatro mililitros y un rendimiento de 0,02 por ciento v/p. En el análisis cualitativo se analizó su solubilidad en solventes orgánicos; los componentes químicos se determinaron por cromatografía de Gases/ Espectrometría de Masas (CG/EM), lográndose la elucidación de los siguientes compuestos: 1R-α-pineno, β-pineno, β-felandreno, p, α-dimetil estireno, (E)-2-caren-4-ol, 1,3-benzodioxol, 4-metoxi-6-(2-propenil)-, y 1,3-benzodioxol,4,7-dimetoxy-5-(2-propenil)-. La determinación de la actividad antibacteriana in vitro, se realizó por el método de difusión en agar, demostrándose actividad significativa frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25933 y Staphylococcus epidermidis cepa clínica, a las concentraciones de 100 y 50 por ciento; y para Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 2783 a la concentración de 100 por ciento, teniendo de poca a ninguna actividad frente a Bacillus subtilis y Escherichia coli. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el aceite esencial de Petroselinum crispum (Mill) Nyman ex A.W. Hill “perejil” presenta actividad antibacteriana.

scholarly journals ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ АНТИМІКРОБНОЇ АКТИВНОСТІ БЕДРИНЦЮ ЛОМИКАМЕНЕВОГО ЕКСТРАКТУ ГУСТОГО

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
E. A. Parashchuk ◽  
N. I. Tkachuk ◽  
S. M. Marchyshyn ◽  
H. R. Kozyr
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
E Coli

Мета роботи. Визначення антимікробної активності бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракту густого. Матеріали і методи.  Oб’єктoм для дoслідження обрано бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракт густий (БЕГ-1, одержаний екстрагуванням 75 % етанолом і БЕГ-2, екстрагент 85 % етанол). В якості тест-культур використовували 5 музейних штамів: грампозитивні мікроорганізми Staphylococcus aureus АТСС 6538, спорову культуру Bacillus subtilis АТСС 6633, грамнегативну культуру Escherichia coli АТСС 25922 та Pseudomonas aeruginosa АТСС 9027. Антифунгальну дію з’ясовували відносно Candida albicans АТСС 885-653. Бактеріостатичні властивoсті дoсліджуваних oб’єктів встанoвлювали за результатами росту еталонних штамів мікроорганізмів у нативному водному розчині бедринцю та в розведені 1:2 та 1:4 в м'ясо-пептонному бульйоні; бактерицидні – за відсутністю росту вмісту пробірок із розведенням екстракту на щільних пoживних середoвищах (м’ясо-пептонний агар – МПА) для грампозитивних мікроорганізмів S. aureus, B. subtilis, для грамнегативної культури E. coli, P. аeruginosa. Агар Сабуро використовували для дріжджеподібних грибів роду Candida (C. аlbicans). Результати й обговорення. Бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракт густий має широкий спектр антибактеріальної активності. Нативний екстракт БЕГ-1 по відношенню до тест-штамів S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. аlbicans проявляв бактерицидну дію. Бактеріостатичну дію він проявляв до P. aeruginosa, а по відношенню до E. coli антимікробного ефекту не виявлено. Екстракти в розведені 1:2 та 1:4 проявили бактерицидну дію відносно B. subtilis, бактеріостатичну – до S. aureus, C. albicans і не виявлено протимікробної дії до E. coli та P. aeruginosa. Нативний зразок БЕГ-2 по відношенню до усіх досліджуваних 5 тест–штамів проявив бактерицидну активність; у розведені 1:2 та 1:4 проявляв бактерицидну та бактеріостатичну дію відносно S. aureus, B. subtilis, C. albicans. Антимікробна дія по відношенню до E. coli та P. aeruginosa не виявлена. Антимікрoбну активність нативного бедринцю ломикаменевого екстракту густого також вивчали у дoслідах in vitro методом дифузії в агар –  метод “колодязів”. Штами S. aureus, C. albicans, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa, E. coli проявили чутливість до нативного бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракту густого. Грампозитивні бактеріальні штами S. aureus,а також гриби C. albicans, B. subtilis є найбільш чутливими до  БЕГ-2, а БЕГ-1 проявляв порівняно меншу чутливість. Грамнегативні культури P. aeruginosa та E. coli також проявили помірну чутливість до  БЕГ-1, але значно більшу чутливість до БЕГ-2. Висновки. 1. Експериментально встановлено, що обидва досліджувані зразки бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракту густого проявляють антибактеріальну активність. 2. Бедринцю ломикаменевого підземних органів екстракт густий проявляв більш виражену антимікробну активність по відношенню до грампозитивної мікрофлори, тому є перспективним для створення лікарського засобу з антимікробними властивостями.

scholarly journals Investigating the in vitro and in vivo nematicidal performance of structurally related macrolides against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-37
Author(s):  
M.A. Radwan ◽  
A.S.A. Saad ◽  
H.A. Mesbah ◽  
H.S. Ibrahim ◽  
M.S. Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Egg Hatching ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
New Family

Summary Avermectins and spinosyns are structurally related natural products of microbial origin and belong to a new family of macrolides which are active against a vast array of invertebrate pests. In the present study, the effects of four members of macrolides; abamectin (ABM), emamectin benzoate (EMB), spinosad (SPI) and spinetoram (SPIT), on Meloidogyne incognita were investigated under in vitro and in vivo conditions. All compounds reduced egg hatching and led to high mortality of the nematode second-stage juveniles (J2). ABM showed the maximum rate of egg hatching inhibition and J2 mortality while SPIT recorded the minimum. All treatments reduced the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/egg mass in roots and J2 in the soil when compared to the control. Based on the 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, EMB and ABM exhibited higher percent reduction in galls (79.68 and 71.45%), egg masses (75.19 and 70.54%), eggs/egg mass (60.49 and 40.91%) and J2 in the soil (90.31 and 86.54%), respectively, compared to SPI and SPIT. Significant increase in tomato shoot height occurred in all biopesticides (10 folds) and SPIT (20 folds). SPI at 10 folds of the 24 h-LC50 values of J2 mortality in vitro, significantly increased root length while ABM at 50 folds and SPIT at 20 folds decreased root length by 5.15% and 5.88%, respectively, compared to the untreated inoculated plants. In all treatments, the dry shoot and root weights increased, compared to the untreated control. Our findings suggest that these macrolides have the ability to regulate nematode population densities and may be an alternative to classical nematicides.

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