scholarly journals Recent trends of copper detection in water samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. Elkhatat ◽  
Mariam Soliman ◽  
Rim Ismail ◽  
Somaya Ahmed ◽  
Nada Abounahia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectroscopy ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Main Body ◽  
Severe Toxicity ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Paper Manufacturing ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Elevated Exposure

Abstract Background Water pollution due to the disposal of heavy metals in water bodies is one of the most global concerns that adversely affect the ecosystem and human health because of their non-biodegradability and potential of accumulation. Copper is one of the most present metals in the environment released mainly from disposing of agricultural fertilizers and pesticides, mining operations, chemical, pharmaceutical, and paper manufacturing industries into stream bodies. The elevated exposure to Cu(II) causes severe toxicity, diabetes, anemia, kidney disorders, liver damage, and death. Main body Several researchers developed detection methods and techniques for Cu(II) detection in the different water samples and sources to ensure that Cu(II) concentration falls within the acceptable limit range, including atomic and molecular spectrophotometry, mass spectroscopy, sensors, voltammetry, and chromatography. This review spotlights recent Cu(II) detection trends in water samples, highlighting their detection limits, advantages, and disadvantages. Conclusion Based on the water sample, detection limit, method cost, an appropriate analysis can be used. Recent trends of Cu(II) detection in water samples include atomic and molecular spectrophotometry, mass spectroscopy, sensors, voltammetry, and chromatography. The principle, definitions, experimental work, advantages, and disadvantages of each method are discussed and highlighted.

Partial Discharge Detection Using Acoustic and Optical Methods in High Voltage Power Equipments: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 845 ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malik Abdul Razzaq Al Saedi ◽  
Mohd Muhridza Yaacob
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Power Transformer ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Optical Detection ◽  
Detection Threshold ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

There is a high risk of insulation system dielectric instability when partial discharge (PD) occurs. Therefore, measurement and monitoring of PD is an important preventive tool to safeguard high-voltage equipment from wanton damage. PD can be detected using optical method to increase the detection threshold and to improve the performance of on-line measurement of PD in noise environment. The PD emitted energy as acoustic emission. We can use this emitted energy to detect PD signal. The best method to detect PD in power transformer is by using acoustic emission. Optical sensor has some advantages such as; high sensitivity, more accuracy small size. Furthermore, in on-site measurements and laboratory experiments, it isoptical methodthat gives very moderate signal attenuations. This paper reviews the available PD detection methods (involving high voltage equipment) such as; acoustic detection and optical detection. The advantages and disadvantages of each method have been explored and compared. The review suggests that optical detection techniques provide many advantages from the consideration of accuracy and suitability for the applications when compared to other techniques.

scholarly journals The Potential Use of Isothermal Amplification Assays for In-Field Diagnostics of Plant Pathogens

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2424
Author(s):  
Aleksandr V. Ivanov ◽  
Irina V. Safenkova ◽  
Anatoly V. Zherdev ◽  
Boris B. Dzantiev
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Isothermal Amplification ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Nucleic Acid Detection ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
Highly Sensitive Detection ◽  
And Control

Rapid, sensitive, and timely diagnostics are essential for protecting plants from pathogens. Commonly, PCR techniques are used in laboratories for highly sensitive detection of DNA/RNA from viral, viroid, bacterial, and fungal pathogens of plants. However, using PCR-based methods for in-field diagnostics is a challenge and sometimes nearly impossible. With the advent of isothermal amplification methods, which provide amplification of nucleic acids at a certain temperature and do not require thermocyclic equipment, going beyond the laboratory has become a reality for molecular diagnostics. The amplification stage ceases to be limited by time and instruments. Challenges to solve involve finding suitable approaches for rapid and user-friendly plant preparation and detection of amplicons after amplification. Here, we summarize approaches for in-field diagnostics of phytopathogens based on different types of isothermal amplification and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we consider a combination of isothermal amplification methods with extraction and detection methods compatible with in-field phytodiagnostics. Molecular diagnostics in out-of-lab conditions are of particular importance for protecting against viral, bacterial, and fungal phytopathogens in order to quickly prevent and control the spread of disease. We believe that the development of rapid, sensitive, and equipment-free nucleic acid detection methods is the future of phytodiagnostics, and its benefits are already visible.

scholarly journals THE USE OF COPPER INDICATOR ELECTRODES IN VOLTAMMETRIC ANALYSIS

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 26-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Yu. Martynov ◽  
O. A. Naumova ◽  
N. K. Zaytsev ◽  
I. Yu. Lovchinovsky
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Electrochemical Analysis ◽  
Voltammetric Analysis ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Copper Electrodes ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Solid Electrodes

The review describes the application of solid electrodes based on copper for voltammetric analysis of major classes of organic and inorganic substances over the last fifty years. Despite the fact that there are many reviews of individual solid electrodes this review offers the first comprehensive report on all forms of copper electrodes. The advantages and disadvantages of copper electrodes in comparison with electrodes made of other metals are discussed. Varieties of copper electrodes, their basic physico-chemical properties and some specific characteristics of their surface are described. The electrochemical behavior of copper in aqueous solutions and electrocatalytic mechanisms of transformations of matter on its surface are reported. Examples of the use of electrochemical copper sensors for flow-injection analysis and liquid chromatography are given. Recent trends of the use of copper micro- and nanostructured electrodes in electrochemical analysis are reviewed. The prospects of using copper as a material for the creation of new electrochemical sensors are shown.

scholarly journals IMAGE SEGMENTATION AND OBJECT SELECTION BASED ON MULTI-THRESHOLD PROCESSING

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Yu. Volkov ◽  
Oleg A. Markelov ◽  
Mikhail I. Bogachev
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Image Segmentation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Object Identification ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Clustering Methods ◽  
Object Selection ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Infrared Cameras ◽  
Threshold Processing

Introduction. Detection, isolation, selection and localization of variously shaped objects in images are essential in a variety of applications. Computer vision systems utilizing television and infrared cameras, synthetic aperture surveillance radars as well as laser and acoustic remote sensing systems are prominent examples. Such problems as object identification, tracking and matching as well as combining information from images available from different sources are essential. Objective. Design of image segmentation and object selection methods based on multi-threshold processing. Materials and methods. The segmentation methods are classified according to the objects they deal with, including (i) pixel-level threshold estimation and clustering methods, (ii) boundary detection methods, (iii) regional level, and (iv) other classifiers, including many non-parametric methods, such as machine learning, neural networks, fuzzy sets, etc. The keynote feature of the proposed approach is that the choice of the optimal threshold for the image segmentation among a variety of test methods is carried out using a posteriori information about the selection results. Results. The results of the proposed approach is compared against the results obtained using the well-known binary integration method. The comparison is carried out both using simulated objects with known shapes with additive synthesized noise as well as using observational remote sensing imagery. Conclusion. The article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed approach for the selection of objects in images, and provides recommendations for their use.

scholarly journals Microfluidic and Micromachined/MEMS Devices for Separation, Discrimination and Detection of Airborne Particles for Pollution Monitoring

Micromachines ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Puiu Poenar
Keyword(s):  
Optical Scattering ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Lab On Chip ◽  
Inorganic Particles ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Air Quality Assessment ◽  
On Chip

Most of the microfluidics-related literature describes devices handling liquids, with only a small part dealing with gas-based applications, and a much smaller number of papers are devoted to the separation and/or detection of airborne inorganic particles. This review is dedicated to this rather less known field which has become increasingly important in the last years due to the growing attention devoted to pollution monitoring and air quality assessment. After a brief introduction summarizing the main particulate matter (PM) classes and the need for their study, the paper reviews miniaturized devices and/or systems for separation, detection and quantitative assessment of PM concentration in air with portable and easy-to-use platforms. The PM separation methods are described first, followed by the key detection methods, namely optical (scattering) and electrical. The most important miniaturized reported realizations are analyzed, with special attention given to microfluidic and micromachined or micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) chip-based implementations due to their inherent capability of being integrated in lab-on-chip (LOC) type of smart microsystems with increased functionalities that can be portable and are easy to use. The operating principles and (when available) key performance parameters of such devices are presented and compared, also highlighting their advantages and disadvantages. Finally, the most relevant conclusions are discussed in the last section.

scholarly journals A non-lethal method for detection of Bonamia ostreae in flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) using environmental DNA

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise von Gersdorff Jørgensen ◽  
Johan Wedel Nielsen ◽  
Mikkel Kehler Villadsen ◽  
Bent Vismann ◽  
Sussie Dalvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Diagnostic Technique ◽  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Ostrea Edulis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Bonamia Ostreae ◽  
Flat Oyster ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Surveillance and diagnosis of parasitic Bonamia ostreae infections in flat oysters (Ostrea edulis) are prerequisites for protection and management of wild populations. In addition, reliable and non-lethal detection methods are required for selection of healthy brood oysters in aquaculture productions. Here we present a non-lethal diagnostic technique based on environmental DNA (eDNA) from water samples and demonstrate applications in laboratory trials. Forty oysters originating from Limfjorden, Denmark were kept in 30 ppt sea water in individual tanks. Water was sampled 6 days later, after which all oysters were euthanized and examined for infection, applying PCR. Four oysters (10%) were found to be infected with B. ostreae in gill and mantle tissue. eDNA purified from the water surrounding these oysters contained parasite DNA. A subsequent sampling from the field encompassed 20 oysters and 15 water samples from 5 different locations. Only one oyster turned out positive and all water samples proved negative for B. ostreae eDNA. With this new method B. ostreae may be detected by only sampling water from the environment of isolated oysters or isolated oyster populations. This non-lethal diagnostic eDNA method could have potential for future surveys and oyster breeding programs aiming at producing disease-free oysters.

scholarly journals qPCR Assays for the Detection of Cylindrocladium buxicola in Plant, Water, and Air Samples

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (8) ◽  
pp. 1082-1090 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gehesquière ◽  
S. D'Haeyer ◽  
K. T. K. Pham ◽  
A. J. Van Kuik ◽  
M. Maes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Taqman Probe ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Water ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Latently Infected

Cylindrocladium buxicola (syn. C. pseudonaviculatum; teleomorph Calonectria pseudonaviculata) is an important fungal pathogen of Buxus spp. Although widespread in Western Europe, this pathogen has only recently been introduced into North America, where it represents a significant threat to the U.S. and Canadian boxwood industries. Trade of latently infected nursery stock is an important mode of long-distance dissemination and introduction of this pathogen but no methods for detection of latently infected material are available. Also, the pathways for short-distance dispersal of C. buxicola have not been adequately studied. Improved detection methods of this pathogen in air and water samples would benefit future research in this area. We have developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of C. buxicola based on the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS) and the β-tubulin 2 gene (TUB). Using a TaqMan probe conjugated with a 3′ minor groove binding group (TaqMan MGB probe), the ITS-based assay could reliably detect as little as 10 fg of genomic DNA or 20 copies of cloned target DNA and was approximately 70 times more sensitive than the SYBR Green TUB-based assay. The ITS-based assay provided good but not complete specificity, and is well suited for epidemiological studies. The TUB-based assay, however, proved to be fully specific and can be used for diagnostics. We developed and optimized sample processing and DNA extraction methods for detection of latently present C. buxicola in boxwood plants and quantification of conidia in water and air samples. C. buxicola could be detected in 20 g of plant material, of which only 1 ppm of the tissue was infected, in 10-ml water samples containing as low as 1 conidium/ml, and on Melinex tape pieces representing 12 h of air sampling containing 10 or more conidia. The applicability of the techniques to plant, water, and air samples of practical size was demonstrated.

Diagnosis of schistosomiasis: antibody detection, with notes on parasitological and antigen detection methods

Parasitology ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 117 (7) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. V. HAMILTON ◽  
M. KLINKERT ◽  
M. J. DOENHOFF
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Native Form ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Haemocyanin ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range

Schistosomiasis remains a serious world-wide public health problem with a still unfulfilled need for routine cost-effective methods of diagnosis. Such methods are required not only for people in endemic areas, but increasingly for tourists who may have become infected during visits to such places. This article reviews the wide range of immunoassays and antigenic preparations that have been shown to have potential for diagnosis of schistosomiasis by the indirect method of antibody detection. Antigens in native form derived from cercariae, adult worms and eggs are considered, as well as schistosome antigens produced by recombinant DNA technology and the schistosome cross-reactive antigen, keyhole limpet haemocyanin (KLH). Respective advantages and disadvantages of antibody detection, circulating antigen detection and parasitological methods of diagnosis are analysed. It is suggested that due to the relative insensitivity of both parasitology and antigen detection, antibody detection methods could find increasing use in situations of low infection intensity.

scholarly journals Customer Satisfaction as a Marketing Concept in Higher Education

2013 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-144
Author(s):  
Berislav Andrlic ◽  
Hrvoje Budic ◽  
Vjekoslav Pismis
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Marketing Concept ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Recent Trends

Abstract Measuring customer satisfaction is a very important aspect of marketing strategy. For the organizational's survival in the long run it is indisputable to have the ability to retain the customers. Retaining customers is more profitable than attracting new ones because it is easier to sell a product or service to a someone who has already used it, rather than someone to whom is product or service completely unknown. In order to measure customer satisfaction primary datas were collected using a test method on a sample of students, by a questionnaire in a physical form, analyzing the basic elements of educational process. Also, by researching relevant national and international professional and scientific literature the test method was described, and all of its models. Finally, in the conclusion, the basic thoughts about the paper are revealed through the presentation of practical advantages and disadvantages of marketing concept of satisfaction, and reviewing recent trends in communication with students.

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