Fomitiporia punicata and Phaeoacremonium minimum associated with Esca complex of grapevine in China

AbstractThe Esca disease complex includes some of the most important trunk diseases of grapevines (Vitis spp.) and causes serious yield losses in grape production worldwide. However, there has been no detailed study on its presence and associated pathogens in China. During 2017–2019, a preliminary field survey was conducted in eight vineyards in Hebei and Ningxia provinces, China when unusual foliar symptoms were observed. Symptoms were distinct tiger striped leaves, which are typical of grapevine leaf stripe disease (GLSD), one of the most common diseases in the Esca complex. Tiger-stripe leaf symptoms were found in four vineyards, and incidence was cultivar dependent varying with vineyard and year. A total of 266 fungal isolates were obtained from wood tissues of grapevines with typical foliar symptoms of GLSD. Based on morphological characters and multigene-combined phylogenetic analyses, the Ascomycete Phaeoacremonium minimum, one of the pathogens associated with Esca complex was identified. The basidiomycete Fomitiporia punicata, which has never been reported infecting grapevine, was also identified and found to be associated with wood rot in grapevine. The remaining isolates included some known wood pathogens, such as Neofusicoccum species and Diaporthe species. Koch’s postulates were performed in the greenhouse, confirming that both F. punicata and P. minimum caused leaf interveinal chlorosis and necrosis that resembled the GLSD symptoms of the Esca complex observed in the field. The present study provides the first detailed report of the Esca complex in China. In addition, this is the first record of F. punicata associated with Esca complex of grapevine worldwide. The results of this study provide new insights into the knowledge of the Esca complex.

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Infection Caused by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora Associated with Esca-like Symptoms in Grapevine in Chile

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-12-1180-re ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 351-360 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Gonzalo A. Díaz ◽

Bernardo A. Latorre

Keyword(s):

Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽

Field Survey ◽

The United States ◽

Optimal Temperature ◽

Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽

Foliar Symptoms ◽

Bt Genes ◽

Trunk Diseases ◽

South Axis ◽

Vitis Spp

Trunk diseases such as esca have been recognized as an economically important problem of grapevine worldwide. A study was conducted to characterize the distribution of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora in Chile. A field survey of young and mature grapevines from 67 vineyards located along a 1,315-km north-south axis demonstrated that P. chlamydospora was present in 94.9% of the grapevine samples showing the black-wood streaking symptom (BWS) but not the characteristic foliar symptoms of esca. Phylogenetic analysis of the ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) combined with β-tubulin (BT) genes grouped Chilean isolates together with reference isolates from South Africa and the United States, whereas Spanish isolates were clustered separately. Chilean isolates differed by only 2 to 3 bp for BT and ITS, respectively. Conidia germinated at 5 to 35°C, with an optimal temperature of 25 to 30°C. Isolates were pathogenic, and Koch's postulates were fulfilled in separate sets of inoculations of axenic plantlets, cuttings, 2-year-old plants, spurs, and shoots of V. vinifera. This study showed that P. chlamydospora was associated consistently with BWS and no other apparent symptom in young and mature grapevines, including nursery plants, in Chile. Inoculum was absent from the soil, grapevine pruning debris, sap samples, and herbaceous weeds, which is in contrast to past studies. At this time, Vitis spp. are the only known hosts of P. chlamydospora in Chile.

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First record ofPhyllorhizasp. (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa) in a Chinese coastal aquaculture pond

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.6191 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e6191 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhijun Dong ◽

André C. Morandini ◽

Agustin Schiariti ◽

Lei Wang ◽

Tingting Sun

Keyword(s):

Yellow Sea ◽

Large Scale ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

First Record ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Southern Yellow Sea ◽

Shrimp Culture ◽

Aquaculture Pond ◽

The Southern Yellow Sea

BackgroundIt has been suggested that aquaculture ponds on the Chinese coast could act as breeding grounds for scyphozoans. Here, we present the first record of the scyphomedusaPhyllorhizasp. in an aquaculture pond on the coast of the southern Yellow Sea, based on a combination of morphological characteristics and mitochondrial 16S DNA sequence data.MethodsA field survey was performed on June 29, 2017 in a pond used for culturing the shrimpPenaeus japonicus, located in the southern Yellow Sea, China. Jellyfish specimens were collected for morphological and genetic analysis. The morphological characters of the jellyfish specimens were compared to taxonomic literature. Additionally, phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial 16S fragments of these specimens were also conducted.ResultsThese specimens had the following morphological characters: hemispherical umbrella without scapulets; J-shaped oral arms; a single larger terminal club on each arm; bluish colored with a slightly expanded white tip; and mouthlets present only in the lower half to one-third of each arm. These morphological features of the medusae indicated that the specimens found in the shrimp culture ponds belong to the genusPhyllorhizaAgassiz, 1862, but did not match with the description of any of the known species of the genusPhyllorhiza.Phylogenetic analyses of the mtDNA 16S regions revealed that these specimens, together withPhyllorhizasp. from Malaysian coastal waters, belong to a sister group ofPhyllorhiza punctata. Juveniles and ephyrae ofPhyllorhizasp. were observed in the aquaculture pond. The mean density ofPhyllorhizasp. medusa in the surface water within the pond was estimated to be 0.05 individuals/m2.DiscussionBased on our observations of the gross morphology and molecular data, we state that the specimens collected in the aquaculture pond can be identified asPhyllorhizasp. This is the first record ofPhyllorhizasp. in Chinese seas. Large scale dispersal through ballast water or the expansion of jellyfish aquarium exhibitions are possible pathways of invasion, but this needs to be confirmed in further studies.

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A new species of Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 from the Langbian Plateau, southern Vietnam, with additional information on Oligodon annamensis Leviton, 1953 (Squamata: Colubridae)

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.8332 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e8332 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hung Ngoc Nguyen ◽

Bang Van Tran ◽

Linh Hoang Nguyen ◽

Thy Neang ◽

Platon V. Yushchenko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

First Record ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Medium Size ◽

12S Rrna ◽

Additional Information ◽

Sister Relationships ◽

High Level ◽

A New Species

We describe a new species of Oligodon from the highlands of the Langbian Plateau, southern Truong Son Mountains, Vietnam, based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses. The new species, Oligodon rostralis sp. nov is distinguished from its congeners by the following morphological characters: medium size in adults (male TL = 582 mm); small and broad head with long protruding snout; dorsal scale row formula 15-15-13; 167 ventrals, 47 subcaudals; single preocular, single postocular; loreal and presubocular absent; six supralabials, third and fourth entering orbit; six infralabials, anterior four contacting first pair of chin shields; internasals separate from prefrontals; nasal divided; single anterior and two posterior temporals; cloacal plate undivided; hemipenes short, bilobed, bifurcating in anterior one third of their length, extending to 8th subcaudal, lacking spines and papillae, with a prominent transverse flounces and distal calyces; six maxillary teeth, the posterior three enlarged; dorsal pattern consisting of 14+4 large dark-brown blotches and a bright-orange vertebral stripe on tail and dorsum; and ventral surfaces in life cream laterally with dark quadrangular spots; dark temporal streak present, edged with white. We also provide additional information on O. annamensis, including a morphological dataset of all specimens known from natural history collections and confirmation of an earlier record of O. annamensis from Cambodia. We also provide the first record of O. annamensis for Dak Lak Province. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA genes (3,131 bp of 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and cyt b) suggest sister relationships of Oligodon rostralis sp. nov. and O. annamensis and place them in one clade with the O. cyclurus and O. taeniatus species groups, which is concordant with previous studies on the phylogenetic relationships of Oligodon. Our study demonstrates high level of herpetofaunal diversity and endemism of Langbian Plateau and further supports the importance of this area for conservation herpetofaunal diversity in Indochina.

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Phaeoacremonium fusiformostromum sp. nov. and a new record of P. croatiense from China

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.516.1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 516 (1) ◽

pp. 59-72

Author(s):

QIU-JU SHANG ◽

KEVIN D. HYDE ◽

JIAN-KUI LIU

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Tree ◽

New Record ◽

Dead Wood ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Sexual Morph ◽

Worldwide Distribution ◽

Esca Disease

Phaeoacremonium species are important pathogens with a worldwide distribution and diverse host and are commonly associated with brown wood streaking, dieback and Esca disease of plants and phaeohyphomycosis of humans. In this study, three sexual taxa, representing two Phaeoacremonium species, were collected from dead wood from Guangdong and Guizhou Provinces in China. Based on the morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses of a combined ACT and TUB2 sequence data, they are identified as Phaeoacremonium fusiformostromum sp. nov., and P. croatiense, which is a new record from China with its first sexual morph. Detailed descriptions and illustrations of these two species are provided, and an updated phylogenetic tree for all Phaeoacremonium species is also given.

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The first record of the genus Microgecko Nikolskii, 1907 for Iraq

Herpetozoa ◽

10.3897/herpetozoa.33.e52736 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 ◽

pp. 149-155

Author(s):

Daniel Jablonski ◽

Michal Benovics ◽

Jiří Vorel ◽

Sarbaz Ibrahim Mohammed ◽

Saman R. Afrasiab

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Field Research ◽

First Record ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Western India ◽

Phylogenetic Structure ◽

The North ◽

Molecular Approaches ◽

North Eastern ◽

North Eastern Part

The genus Microgecko Nikolskii, 1907 (Gekkonidae) currently includes eight species distributed from western Iran to north-western India and Pakistan. During field research in Iraq, we found a population of the genus near to the Darbandikhan Lake in the north-eastern part of the country. Because members of the genus are characterized by a higher level of morphological and genetic diversity, we investigated the population using both morphological and molecular approaches. The phylogenetic analyses based on a fragment of the mitochondrial marker cytochrome b and morphological characters showed that our investigated population belongs to M. helenae fasciatus. This is the first record of the genus and species for Iraq. Moreover, the phylogenetic structure within M. helenae shows divergences that suggest the elevation of M. h. fasciatus to species level.

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Bursaphelenchus tadamiensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), isolated from a stag beetle, Dorcus striatipennis (Coleoptera: Lucanidae), from Japan

Nematology ◽

10.1163/138855411x587121 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 223-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Natsumi Kanzaki ◽

Hisatomo Taki ◽

Hayato Masuya ◽

Kimiko Okabe

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Body Length ◽

Field Survey ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Female Tail ◽

Lateral Lines ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Stag Beetles ◽

Male Genital

Bursaphelenchus tadamiensis n. sp. is described. The new species was isolated during a field survey of nematodes associated with stag beetles. It was recovered from the dissected body of a Dorcus striatipennis, from Tadami, Fukushima, Japan. The new species is medium sized for the genus, with males 486-772 μm and females 643-997 μm in body length, and has four lateral lines, six male genital papillae (P1 ventral single papilla is missing or vestigial), mitten-shaped spicule with clear dorsal and ventral limbs, rather large squared bursal flap, vulva lacking flap, female tail long, tapering and ventrally curved. Based upon its diagnostic morphological characters, the new species belongs to the B. fungivorus group and is close to B. thailandae, B. willibaldi and B. braaschae. It is distinguished from these three species by morphology of the male bursal flap and several morphometric values, e.g., the V value of B. tadamiensis n. sp. is clearly larger than that of the above three species. The molecular phylogenetic analyses inferred from near full-length SSU and D2/D3 LSU supported the morphological observations, i.e., the new species is molecularly similar to B. thailandae, B. willibaldi, B. braaschae and B. kiyoharai. The stag beetle association of the new species may be an accidental phoresy, although the nematode could be undergoing carrier (vector) switching, because only two adult (no dauer juveniles) individuals were isolated from only one of 100 beetles examined. The insect organ with which the nematode was associated is unknown.

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Disentangling relationships among eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria including description of a novel species from the southern Peloponnese (Greece)

Plant Systematics and Evolution ◽

10.1007/s00606-020-01730-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 307 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Pau Carnicero ◽

Núria Garcia-Jacas ◽

Llorenç Sáez ◽

Theophanis Constantinidis ◽

Mercè Galbany-Casals

Keyword(s):

Eastern Mediterranean ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Taxonomic Revision ◽

Distribution Patterns ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Long Distance ◽

Aegean Islands ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

AbstractThe eastern Mediterranean basin hosts a remarkably high plant diversity. Historical connections between currently isolated areas across the Aegean region and long-distance dispersal events have been invoked to explain current distribution patterns of species. According to most recent treatments, at least two Cymbalaria species occur in this area, Cymbalaria microcalyx and C. longipes. The former comprises several intraspecific taxa, treated at different ranks by different authors based on morphological data, evidencing the need of a taxonomic revision. Additionally, some populations of C. microcalyx show exclusive morphological characters that do not match any described taxon. Here, we aim to shed light on the systematics of eastern Mediterranean Cymbalaria and to propose a classification informed by various sources of evidence. We performed molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, 3’ETS, ndhF and rpl32-trnL sequences and estimated the ploidy level of some taxa performing relative genome size measures. Molecular data combined with morphology support the division of traditionally delimited C. microcalyx into C. acutiloba, C. microcalyx and C. minor, corresponding to well-delimited nrDNA lineages. Furthermore, we propose to combine C. microcalyx subsp. paradoxa at the species level. A group of specimens previously thought to belong to Cymbalaria microcalyx constitute a well-defined phylogenetic and morphological entity and are described here as a new species, Cymbalaria spetae. Cymbalaria longipes is non-monophyletic, but characterized by being glabrous and diploid, unlike other eastern species. The nrDNA data suggest at least two dispersals from the mainland to the Aegean Islands, potentially facilitated by marine regressions.

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A new species of Golinca Thomson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae): first record of the genus for Brazil

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3919.1.9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3919 (1) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

M. VALOIS ◽

F. SILVA

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

First Record ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

A New Species

Golinca trevisani Valois & Silva, new species (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae: Trichiini: Incina) from Ouro Preto do Oeste, Rondônia, and Amazonas, Brazil is described, representing the first record of the genus Golinca for Brazil. Diagnosis, illustrations of key morphological characters, the first male genitalia description in the genus, and a key for identification of four species of Golinca are provided.

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Steinernema borjomiense n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a new entomopathogenic nematode from Georgia

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 20 (7) ◽

pp. 653-669 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Oleg Gorgadze ◽

Elena Fanelli ◽

Manana Lortkhipanidze ◽

Alberto Troccoli ◽

Medea Burjanadze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

18S Rrna ◽

Entomopathogenic Nematode ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Tail Length ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

18S Rrna Gene ◽

The Body ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

A New Species

Summary A new species of entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema borjomiense n. sp., was isolated from the body of the host insect, Oryctes nasicornis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), in Georgia, in the territory of Borjomi-Kharagauli. Morphological characters indicate that the new species is closely related to species of the feltiae-group. The infective juveniles are characterised by the following morphological characters: body length of 879 (777-989) μm, distance between the head and excretory pore = 72 (62-80) μm, pharynx length = 132 (122-142) μm, tail length = 70 (60-80) μm, ratio a = 26.3 (23.0-29.3), H% = 45 (40-51), D% = 54 (47-59), E% = 102 (95-115), and lateral fields consisting of seven ridges (eight incisures) at mid-body. Steinernema borjomiense n. sp. was molecularly characterised by sequencing three ribosomal regions (the ITS, the D2-D3 expansion domains and the 18S rRNA gene) and the mitochondrial COI gene. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that S. borjomiense n. sp. differs from all other known species of Steinernema and is a member of the monticolum-group.

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The compositional turnover of grapevine-associated plant pathogenic fungal communities are greater among intraindividual microhabitats and terroirs than among healthy and Esca-diseased plants

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-05-21-0190-r ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Adrienn Geiger ◽

Zoltán Karácsony ◽

Richárd Golen ◽

Kálmán Zoltán Váczy ◽

József Geml

Keyword(s):

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Wine Industry ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Opportunistic Pathogens ◽

Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽

Esca Disease ◽

Dna Metabarcoding ◽

Trunk Diseases ◽

Fungal Dna ◽

Key Questions

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) are a major threat to the wine industry, causing yield loss and dieback of grapevines. While the increasing damage caused by GTDs in recent decades have spurred several studies on grapevine-associated pathogenic fungi, key questions about the emergence and severity of GTDs remain unanswered, including possible differences in plant pathogenic fungal communities in asymptomatic and symptomatic grapevines. We generated fungal DNA metabarcoding data from soil, bark, and perennial wood samples from asymptomatic and symptomatic grapevines sampled in three terroirs. We observed larger compositional differences in plant pathogenic fungi among different plants parts within grapevine plants than among individual grapevines. This is driven by the dominance of GTD-associated fungi in perennial wood and non-GTD pathogens in soil, as well as by the lack of significant differences among asymptomatic and Esca symptomatic grapevines. These results suggest that fungi generally associated with Esca disease belong to the core grapevine microbiome and likely are commensal endophytes and/or latent saprotrophs, some of which can act as opportunistic pathogens on stressed plants. In addition, we found significant compositional differences among sampling sites, particularly in soil, which suggest a certain influence of local edaphic and mesclimatic factors on plant pathogenic fungal communities. Furthermore, the observed differences among terroirs in plant pathogenic fungal communities in grapevine woody parts indicate that environmental factors likely are important for the development of Esca disease and further studies are needed to investigate the abiotic conditions on fungal compositional dynamics in Esca-affected plants.

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