scholarly journals Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz’s proposal of ethical norms

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Stefan Konstańczak
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Ethical Concept ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Ethical Norms

Abstract Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz is known primarily as a logician and methodologist. Ethics was a side discipline to his scientific research, which he lectured at Lvov University in the 1930s. Assuming that ethics is a philosophical science, he tried to systematise its contemplations according to the scientific principles developed at the Lvov–Warsaw School of thought. However, in his research he also took into account the philosophical tradition which recognised ethics as one of the chief branches of philosophy. Ajdukiewicz’s submission of ethics to the requirements of logic was related to an attempt to analyse its core concepts. Consequently, an outline of the original ethical concept was developed, but never developed into a system.

A reconnaissance of tropical resources during Revolutionary years: the role of the Paris Museum d'Histoire Naturelle

1991 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
MADELEINE LY-TIO-FANE
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Joseph Ii

SUMMARY The recent extensive literature on exploration and the resulting scientific advances has failed to highlight the contribution of Austrian enterprise to the study of natural history. The leading role of Joseph II among the neutral powers which assumed the carrying trade of the belligerents during the American War of Independence, furthered the development of collections for the Schönbrunn Park and Gardens which had been set up on scientific principles by his parents. On the conclusion of peace, Joseph entrusted to Professor Maerter a world-encompassing mission in the course of which the Chief Gardener Franz Boos and his assistant Georg Scholl travelled to South Africa to collect plants and animals. Boos pursued the mission to Isle de France and Bourbon (Mauritius and Reunion), conveyed by the then unknown Nicolas Baudin. He worked at the Jardin du Roi, Pamplemousses, with Nicolas Cere, or at Palma with Joseph Francois Charpentier de Cossigny. The linkage of Austrian and French horticultural expertise created a situation fraught with opportunities which were to lead Baudin to the forefront of exploration and scientific research as the century closed in the upheaval of the Revolutionary Wars.

Scientific research in soil drainage

1934 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 544-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
River Regulation ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Soil Drainage ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Tile Systems

The science of land amelioration, or “Kulturtechnik” as it is called in Germany, where it has been chiefly developed, is concerned with the scientific principles underlying the improvement of agricultural land by such means as artificial soil drainage, irrigation, river regulation and land reclamation. Since the War it has been attracting increasing attention throughout the Continent, and it now ranks as one of the most important branches of soil science. In England land amelioration has, for political and economic reasons, been very much neglected during recent years, and in consequence there has been little opportunity for scientific research on problems relating to it. The difficulty of studying these problems is greatly increased by the fact that some of the most important literature is either inaccessible or is only available with difficulty in Great Britain. It is hoped that the present résumé will to some extent fill the gap as far as one particular branch—that of artificial drainage in mineral soils—is concerned. Discussion of the drainage of peat soils has been omitted, since this presents rather different problems, and can only be adequately considered in relation to the reclamation of such soils as a whole. Mole drainage and the various combined mole-tile systems have also been left out of consideration to a great extent, since, in spite of their importance, very little scientific research has been done on them. Except where otherwise stated, the present account is confined to tile drainage.

A Writer Looking for His Writing Scene: Paul Valéry's Procedures in His Notebooks around 1894

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Krauthausen
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Literary Genre ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Final Synthesis

ArgumentThe famousCahiersof Paul Valéry (1871–1945) cannot be reduced to a single scientific discipline, a specific philosophical tradition, or a literary genre. For today's reader these notebooks constitute a formatsui generis, one very often characterized by an “observation of a second order”: in theCahiersValéry uses writing, drawing, and calculating not only for purposes of argumentation; he also pays attention to the significance of such writing, drawing, and calculating processes for the production of knowledge. It is particularly thepracticeof note-taking and sketching in Valéry's notebooks that documents, rehearses, or questions the medial and instrumental conditions of both scientific research and artistic production. This is especially true of the early stages of theCahiersin the years beginning around 1894 when Valéry was intensely searching for notation systems that would be conducive to his research interests. At the time the problem of how to write (as well as calculate and draw) was intrinsically bound up with the way he established his notebooks as a specific scene of writing. By closely examining a number of pages from the early notebooks I hope to show that the emerging regulation of Valéry's writing in theCahiersresults from simple operations that are noted and repeated by the writer until they gradually become procedures. What Valéry'sCahiersshow us, however, is that procedures do not always work in favor of a final synthesis, but may also give rise to a format of eternal beginning. In the following I will present some of the constitutive procedures found in Valéry's early notebooks, procedures that range from a tentative gathering together and simple forms of recursion and variation to the rehearsing or invention of symbolic or graphic forms of notation.

scholarly journals استخدام التخطيط و البحوث العلمية في المؤسسات الإعلامية : دراسة وصفية تحليلية على عينة من المؤسسات الإعلامية الاتحادية بولاية الخرطوم في الفترة من أول يناير 2009م إلى 31 ديسمبر 2010م

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
إدريس ، عبده عثمان عبده عبد الله
Keyword(s):  
Planning Process ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Scientific Concept ◽  
Research Assessment ◽  
Scientific Principles

استخدام التخطيط و البحوث العلمية في المؤسسات الإعلامية : دراسة وصفية تحليلية على عينة من المؤسسات الإعلامية الاتحادية بولاية الخرطوم في الفترة من أول يناير 2009م إلى 31 ديسمبر 2010م   The study deals with the use of planning scientific research in some information institutes at Khartoum state in the period 2009- 2010. The study concentrated on the use of planning in this institutes and do the information instates use the scientific concept of planning , in adition to the institutes information how to use the planning to collect information , data on the scientific research. For their more the difficulties which face the planning and scientific research in the information in states. The study summarizes that planning used by these institution sometimes is bsed on scientific research. These institutions do not use planning continuously, with planner in their general policies, and the use of scientific in bases in their researches one reflected. The study suggested the necessity of using planning in information institutions through scientific principles. The researches implemented by the information institution must present solutions to the problems and difficulties they faced , and which are assist and facilitate in using the planning process, in addition to the existence of scientific research assessment and valuation for researches of communication used by these information institutions

SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH ON AGRICULTURE IN UMAN AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE (END OF THE XIXth –THE SECOND HALF OF THE XXth CENTURY): DEVOTED TO ITS 175th ANNIVERSARY

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-102
Author(s):  
Olha Harbar ◽  
Maiia Kostiuk
Keyword(s):  
School Teacher ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
Prominent Scientist ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
The Russian Empire

The article presents the historical and scientific analysis of the process of formation and development of scientific research on agriculture at Uman Agricultural Institute in the historical context. It was established that scientific research on agriculture dates back to 1868, when the Main School of Horticulture was reorganized in the Uman College of Agriculture and Horticulture. It was found that the first studies on soil cultivation and fertilization were conducted in the period from 1886-1912 by Professor M.K. Vasyliev. In 1912 Professor M.K. Vasyliev published the first Ukrainian textbook on plant growing and forestry called «Private agriculture or the study of field and meadow crops». It was established that the activity of V.V. Pashkevych at Uman School contributed to the further development of fruit and ornamental horticulture and viticulture in the Russian Empire, and later in Ukraine. It is noted that S.M. Vukolov, while working at Uman School of Horticulture and Agriculture, for the first time first organized teaching of vegetable growing on a scientific basis. It is emphasized that P.G. Shytt was the first school teacher who began to study the root system and nutrition of the fruit trees, the patterns of growth and cycling of their ontogenetic development. Great attention is paid to the exploratory works of Professor F.V. Zamorskyi, who, on the basis of the study of content and species composition of weeds in rye and wheat seeds, proposed wholly justified measures of weed control. It has been established that the personal contribution of the scientists and teachers of Uman School to the formation of scientific principles of agriculture is undoubtedly significant and contributes to the provision of high and stable crops of agricultural products. Particular attention is paid to the main scientific achievement of the prominent scientist-agronomist – Professor S.S. Rubin in horticulture and field agriculture. It was investigated that the main directions of his scientific and research work were: soil maintenance and fertilization in fruit plantations, crop rotation and soil cultivation under field crops.

scholarly journals An insight into artisanal leather making in Ghana

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Appiah-Brempong ◽  
Helen M. K. Essandoh ◽  
Nana Yaw Asiedu ◽  
Samuel Kwame Dadzie ◽  
Francis Warings Yao Momade
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Method ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Manufacturing Processes ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Chrome Tanning ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Vegetable Tanning ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The production of leather from animal skins and hides through tanning processes began in the pre-historic ages. Despite the origination of new leather making techniques such as chrome tanning which is being employed extensively today, the traditional method of leather production primarily through vegetable tanning is still being practised mostly in artisanal tanneries in developing nations including Ghana. Artisanal leather making, thus, contributes beneficially to rural livelihood. Nevertheless, the growth of this sector has been stifled by the lack of innovative technologies to enhance productivity. This challenge could be partly linked to the knowledge gap on the scientific principles governing artisanal leather production processes. This study, therefore, elaborates on various process steps and materials employed in traditional leather making in Ghana and the scientific principles underlying each of the processes. It also makes a comparison between traditional and modern leather manufacturing processes and identifies knowledge and technological gaps which would inspire in-depth scientific research into artisanal leather making. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Donald Trump’s Political and Psychological Profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-471
Author(s):  
Madina Magomedovna Aybazova
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
High Level

The article presents the summary of the political psychology scientific research, fully corresponding to the academic traditions of the Department of Sociology and Psychology of Politics of Moscow State University. The study was devoted to a political and psychological analysis of the personality traits of populist-type politicians. The objectives of this study included psychological diagnosis and assessment of the personality of US President Donald Trump. A number of general scientific principles were used, including the principle of complexity, systematicity, subjectivity, integrability, reflexivity and optimality. The identification of basic psychological characteristics and the analysis of the most pronounced personality traits of Donald Trump were carried out using a methodology that combines wide research capabilities of of political science, psychology and sociology. The specificity of the research predefined using distant methods of data collection and processing, due to the inaccessibility of the studied personality. The biography method, content analysis and observation method were chosen as guiding. Scientific research concluded with forming a political and psychological profile of the American leader’s personality. According to the typology proposed by R. Ziller, he belongs to the category of “apolitical politician”, which indicates an overestimated self-esteem, nonconformism, and no dependence on the opinions of those around him. In addition, according to the L. Etheredge’s typology of styles of interpersonal relationships, Donald Trump is an extrovert with a high level of dominance. The political behavior of the President of the United States corresponds to the type of “agitator” in accordance with the typologies of G. Lasswell.

Out of the laboratory and into the knowledge economy: A context for the evolution of New Zealand science centres

2009 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hodder
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Public Understanding ◽  
Educational Funding ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The Public ◽  
International Trends ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Science Centres ◽  
Understanding Of Science

The establishment of science centres in New Zealand coincided with reforms of the way scientific research was conducted and funded and a low-point in career prospects for scientists. For political and financial reasons, most New Zealand science centres sacrificed their independence and became associated with museums and now receive much of their funding through local authorities. This could have assisted in their promotion of the public understanding of science; but the availability of educational funding through a “Learning Experiences Outside the Classroom” scheme motivated the development of educationally oriented programmes targeted to school-children. Despite this emphasis, there is no firm evidence that the centres have had any influence in increasing the popularity of science within education. Moreover, the centres have become perceived predominantly as places for children. International trends suggest that regaining the adult audience might be possible through greater emphasis on scientific research outcomes and their social and economic implications, rather than interactive exhibits portraying scientific principles through idealized and simplified laboratory experiments. In New Zealand, the popularity of science festivals — initiated a few years ago — and the recent growth of café scientifiques, offer promise in this direction. Additional funding for these and research-based exhibitions might yet come from a component of research grants being required to be spent on the promotion of research to the public.

scholarly journals Applied Research in the Production of a Genre Film: Production Design and Realization of a School Movie

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Aletras
Keyword(s):  
Research Method ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Film Production ◽  
Auteur Theory ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Scientific Fields ◽  
Genre Film

The production of a film for research purposes (film based research) is a growing qualitative scientific research method, applied in many scientific fields. The researcher of the film based research is an active part of the process, aiming at formulating questions and disputes rather than seeking answers. The object of the research is located in the cinematic production of a fiction film belonging to the genre of School Movies, in combination with the application of the auteur theory. The results of the present study highlight the importance of the personality of the researcher, who should balance between scientific principles and the needs and requirements of film production.

Scientific Principles Applied to Design-Type Research

2012 ◽  
pp. 156-178
Keyword(s):  
Design Theory ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Deep Roots ◽  
Ockham’S Razor ◽  
Alternative Design ◽  
Particular Solutions ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
Ockham's Razor ◽  
Design Type ◽  
Protective Belt

If design-type research shares deep roots with the traditional scientific research, then the principles advanced by the philosophers of science should be applicable to it as well. The purpose of this chapter is to show how these principles could be interpreted through the lens of design-type research. Induction in DTR implies extracting features of the implemented particular solutions with subsequent generalization. Deduction means inferring meta-requirements and, subsequently, features of meta-systems based on kernel theories. Ockham’s razor as a criterion favors simpler designs. Popper’s falsifiability criterion means that design of meta-artifacts should be informative. Lacatos’s protective belt translates into separating the immutable core of a design theory from the part that is potentially modifiable. Kuhn’s paradigms in design establish a given core design statement for a particular kind of meta-artifact, which drives focused research in that area. Feyerabend’s anarchy encourages alternative design visions. The aesthetics criterion plays an important part in recognizing forms in meta-artifacts.

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