Nutritional assessment and rehabilitation in children with bronchiectasis and childhood interstitial lung diseases: effects on pulmonary functions and clinical severity

Abstract Background Nutrition is recognized as a modifiable contributor to bronchiectasis and interstitial lung diseases (ChILD) development and progression. Nutritional interventions have great potential in reducing respiratory illness related morbidity and mortality. The study was done to assess nutritional state and body composition of children with bronchiectasis and interstitial lung diseases (ChILD) and to study the effect of short course nutritional intervention program on their growth, clinical symptoms, pulmonary functions and frequency of acute exacerbations and hospitalization. Seventeen patients with bronchiectasis and thirteen patients with interstitial lung diseases and 40 healthy children as controls were enrolled. Nutritional status, chest symptoms, anthropometry, body composition, and spirometric pulmonary function were evaluated. A short course nutritional intervention program was done for patients and then they were re-evaluated. Results In total, 56.67% of studied patients were moderately malnourished and 23.33% were severely malnourished. A total of 66.7% of studied patients were underweight and 50% of patients had stunted growth. Anthropometric indices were significantly lower than control groups (P < 0.05). Body composition indices were lower in patients than control but not with a statistical significance. Forced vital capacity was positively correlated to body mass index (P = 0.045). Nutritional rehabilitation significantly improved patient anthropometry (weight, body mass index, height, triceps skin-fold thickness, mid arm circumference), body composition (body fat, fat free mass, and muscle mass), respiratory symptoms, and FEV1. Needs to asthma rescue medications, school absence, acute exacerbation attacks, and hospitalization were reduced. Conclusion Patients with bronchiectasis and interstitial lung diseases (ChILD) have malnutrition and body composition changes that improved significantly after short nutritional intervention program with significant improvement in FEV1, frequency of acute exacerbations, and hospitalization.

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A Comparative Analysis on Body Composition, Risk Factors of Metabolic Disease, and Arteriosclerosis According to the Body Mass Index of Female College Students

Korean Journal of Sports Science ◽

10.35159/kjss.2018.12.27.6.939 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 939-947

Author(s):

Chul-Soon Choi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

College Students ◽

Metabolic Disease ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Comparative Analysis ◽

Body Mass ◽

The Body ◽

Female College Students ◽

Female College

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Body phenotypes and sexual maturation in Brazilian and US adolescents: evidence for a change in body mass index Category

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020004589 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-26

Author(s):

Jéssica Cumpian Silva ◽

Ana Elisa Madalena Rinaldi ◽

Francisco de Assis Guedes Vasconcelos ◽

Maria Alice Altenburg Assis ◽

Camila Medeiros Mazzeti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Phase Angle ◽

Sexual Maturation ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Pubertal Development ◽

The United States ◽

Pubic Hair ◽

Cholesterol Ratio

ABSTRACT Objective: Our study aimed to describe body phenotypes (BP) estimated by multivariate analysis and their association with body mass. Design: Body phenotypes were defined based on demographic variables, anthropometric data (body mass, height, skinfolds and circumferences), body composition (phase angle measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis), biochemical parameters (triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol ratio/Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL), haemoglobin and sexual maturation (pubic hair and breasts or gonads). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to verify the differences between skin colour and the stages of pubertal development, body phenotypes, body composition, anthropometric, and biochemical variables. Setting: Cities of São Paulo-SP, Piracicaba-SP and Florianópolis-SC from Brazil and the United States. Participants: 9269 adolescents aged between 10 to 15 years old. Results: The composition of BP was similar in all surveys, which are: BP1 was composed by skinfolds, body mass and circumferences variables; BP2 by pubic hair, breast in girls or gonad in boys, height and age; BP3 by cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose; and BP4 by phase angle, haemoglobin and glucose (negative loading). There was a strong correlation (r = 0.9, p <0.001) between BP1 and body mass index. Conclusion: We highlighted independence observed between biochemical parameters, anthropometry, body composition and sexual maturation. BP may support the calculation of scores for diagnosis of obesity based on anthropometric variables and overcome ambiguity in the isolated use of body mass index.

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Effects of sedentary behavior and daily walking steps on body mass index and body composition: Prospective observational study using outpatient clinical data of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes

Journal of Diabetes Investigation ◽

10.1111/jdi.13527 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shuhei Nakanishi ◽

Masashi Shimoda ◽

Fuminori Tatsumi ◽

Kenji Kohara ◽

Atsushi Obata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Observational Study ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Body Mass ◽

Clinical Data ◽

Prospective Observational Study ◽

Japanese Patients

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Pre-pregnancy body mass index is associated with offspring body composition in adulthood before adiposity-related disorders: a retrospective cohort

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980020005285 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-17

Author(s):

Ilana Eshriqui ◽

Angélica Marques Martins Valente ◽

Luciana Dias Folchetti ◽

Bianca de Almeida-Pititto ◽

Sandra Roberta G. Ferreira

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Body Mass ◽

Body Fat ◽

Retrospective Cohort ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Directed Acyclic Graphs ◽

Health Study ◽

Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽

Three Body

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and offspring body composition in adulthood. Design: Retrospective cohort. Undergraduates of nutrition or nutritionists were recruited at the baseline of the Nutritionists’ Health Study between 2014 and 2017. Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI and current life aspects were self-reported through online questionnaires. Three body compartments were DXA-determined. The following variables were obtained: body-fat (%), fat mass index (FMI) (kg/m2), android-to-gynoid fat ratio, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) (cm3), appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) (kg/m2), total bone and femur mineral content (g) and density (g/cm2). Linear regression adjusted according to directed acyclic graphs recommendation was performed. Setting: São Paulo, Brazil. Participants: Healthy non-pregnant women (aged 20-45 years) (n=150). Results: Median age and BMI were 22 years (IQR=20; 29) and 22.3 kg/m2 (IQR=20.4; 25.3). Pre-pregnancy BMI≥25 kg/m2 was reported by 14.7% of mothers. In fully adjusted models, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI was associated with their daughters’ body-fat % (β=0.31; 95%CI=0.0004; 0.63), FMI (β=0.17; 95%CI=0.03; 0.30, android-to-gynoid ratio (β=0.01; 95%CI=0.004; 0.02) and VAT (β=0.09; 95%CI=0.02; 0.16), but not with total bone density (β=0.001; 95%CI=-0.003; 0.006) and content (β=7.13; 95%CI=-4.19; 18.46). Direct association with ASMI was also detected, but lost statistical significance when participants whose mothers were underweight were excluded. Conclusions: Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index was directly associated with offspring general and visceral adiposity but seem not to be associated with bone mass. Results reinforce importance of avoiding excess of maternal adiposity, as an attempt to break the vicious cycle of obesity transmission.

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The Effects of Body Mass Index on Softball Pitchers’ Hip and Shoulder Range of Motion

Sports Medicine International Open ◽

10.1055/a-1244-1621 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 05 (01) ◽

pp. E8-E13

Author(s):

Kenzie B. Friesen ◽

Adam W. Anz ◽

Jeffrey R. Dugas ◽

James R. Andrews ◽

Gretchen D. Oliver

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Body Composition ◽

Range Of Motion ◽

Body Mass ◽

Mean Difference ◽

Additional Stress ◽

Maximal Velocity ◽

Strength And Conditioning ◽

Shoulder Range Of Motion ◽

Shoulder Range

AbstractCurrently it is hypothesized that increased body mass index may contribute to overuse injuries. Thus, if hip or shoulder range of motion is affected by body mass index, pitchers may be placing additional stress on joints as they seek to pitch at maximal velocity. The purpose of this study was to examine if range of motion at the hips and shoulders were related to body mass index classification. A sample of 147 female softball pitchers (17.0±4.2 years; 167.6±11.8 cm; 70.6±17.5 kg; body mass index=24.8±4.7 kg/m2) participated. Bilateral hip and shoulder range of motion were assessed. Multivariate analysis of variance results indicated body mass index [Wilks’ Λ=0.742, F=1.722, p=0.014, η2=0.095] significantly affected range of motion of the shoulder and hip. Post hoc results indicated the underweight group had significantly more range of motion than the obese group in hip internal range of motion on both the throwing side (mean difference=12.39, p=0.005) and glove side (mean difference=11.98, p=0.004). Although body composition is not overly emphasized among softball pitchers, the current study reveals excess weight may inhibit proper mechanics. Coaches, athletic trainers, strength and conditioning personnel, and athletes should acknowledge the role that body composition can play in affecting pitch outcomes.

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Body Composition, Psychological, Cardiovascular, and Physical Activity Factors Related with Academic School Performance

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13168775 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (16) ◽

pp. 8775

Author(s):

Laura Redondo-Flórez ◽

Domingo Jesus Ramos-Campo ◽

Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Body Composition ◽

Academic Performance ◽

Body Mass ◽

Trait Anxiety ◽

Motor Development ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

School Students

The aim of the present study was to analyse body composition, anxiety, cardiovascular, and physical activity factors related with academic performance of school students as well as to analyse differences, by age, in these factors. We analysed in 266 primary school students’ (8.81 ± 1.62 years, range: 5–13 years) heart rate, anthropometric variables to calculate body mass index, physical activity performance, anxiety levels and academic results by the average of marks. Students were divided in two different groups, firstly by their lower or higher academic performance, and secondly by age. Results showed a negative correlation between academic performance and age, weight, body mass index and trait anxiety variables. Additionally, significant differences were found by age, presenting older students higher scores in body mass index and lower physical activity, trait anxiety, heart rate and academic performance values than younger students. Overweight and obesity may have a great impact in academic performance in children and we pointed out the necessity to establish programs related with healthy habits which include improvements in physical activity and nutrition behaviours with the objective to enhance children’s health general status, psychological profile, cognitive and motor development, and academic performance.

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