scholarly journals Construction of a tool for assessment of joint attention in Egyptian Cairene children

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya Adel Muhammad ◽  
Yomna Hassan ElFiky ◽  
Rasha Mohammed Shoeib ◽  
Nahla Abd El-Aziz Rifaie ◽  
Marwa Mahmoud Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Joint Attention ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Autistic Children ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Contrast Group ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background Joint attention (JA) is a basic social communicative skill important for language development. JA deficits appear prior to language acquisition. Because autism is often not diagnosed until a child is three or four years of age, it is important to look for indicators prior to language acquisition such as JA to provide appropriate treatment at a younger age. Therefore, the aim of this study is to construct an objective tool for assessment of joint attention skills in young Egyptian children to detect the presence of autistic behaviour in high-risk children in order to conduct plans for early intervention. The questionnaire was constructed to assess the five main components of JA and was termed Egyptian Joint Attention Questionnaire. The questions were formulated in the colloquial Egyptian Arabic language and in an ‘easy-to understand’ design that would be comprehensible by mothers. No question was directly translated from another questionnaire. Ten typically developing (TD) children, with an age range of 18–54 months, were included in the pilot study of the test design. It was applied to 90 TD children and 30 autistic children (contrast group) within the same age range. Participant's responses were statistically analysed to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire and to compare the responses related to TD children and autistic children. Results There was high internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.9, Intra-class correlation = .776), with a statistically significant difference between TD and autistic children (P < 0.001). Conclusions The questionnaire is a valid and reliable assessment tool that could be used in early detection of autistic Egyptian children.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of the revised Arabic language test for 2–4-year-old children: cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla Rifaie ◽  
Tarek Mohamed Abdel Wahab Hamza ◽  
Yomna Hassan Elfiky
Keyword(s):  
Arabic Language ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Language Test ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standardization Sample ◽  
Group Validity ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Age Range

Abstract Background Language assessment in children using subjective and objective tests has been an issue to discuss. The aim of this study is to revise and prove the validity and reliability of the Arabic language test (ALT) for the age range from 2 to 4 years old. New design of the test format and test pictures was performed and tested on a pilot study of 30 normal children with no language problems, 15 in each 1 year age group, within the same age range of the standardization sample. The standardization sample on which the test was then applied was 400 normal Egyptian children in the age range from 2 to 4 years old 200 at 2–3 years old and 200 at 3–4 years old. Retesting was done on 30 children (15 in each group) to prove test-retest reliability, with an interval of 2 weeks. Validity of the test was done using, internal consistency validity, contrasted group validity, factorial validity, face validity, and judgment validity. In the contrasted group validity, a sample of 40 children with delayed language was used. Results All validity tests used gave significant scores that proved the high validity of the newly revised test. Also, reliability tests were highly significant. Conclusion The newly revised Arabic language test for 2–4 years old is a reliable and valid test to be used to evaluate language development and to detect language deficits among Egyptian children in the same age range.

Determination of Spreading Motive Levels of Elite Hearing-impaired Sportsmen

2019 ◽  
pp. 39-55
Author(s):  
Osman Kusan ◽  
Hasan Erdem Mumcu ◽  
Abdulkerim Çeviker ◽  
Ömer Zambak ◽  
Onur Öztürk
Keyword(s):  
Educational Status ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Male Athletes ◽  
Internal Motivation ◽  
National Team ◽  
Older Athletes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Age Range

This study was conducted to investigate the sub-scales of sports instructions of elite athletes with hearing impairment or hearing loss due to different reasons. A total of 173 hearing-impaired athletes constituted of 54 female and 119 male athletes who are active national team athletes in the age range of 15-25 years. The study was conducted based on Self Determination Theory of Deci and Ryan [9] and on the developed Sports Motivation Scale, Pelletier et al. [24] Kazak [18] applied the validity and reliability of the scale for Turkish athletes. Accordingly, since the p_values calculated for the inner motivation sub-scale and its sub-scales are less than the value of α = .05 which is taken as the level of significance, there is a statistically significant difference in the average scores of the hearing-impaired athletes in their internal motivations and sub-scales. According to gender and educational status, there was no difference in the motivation of the hearing-impaired athletes. According to the age variable, it was seen that older athletes had more external connections. Considering the general motivation scores, the athletes in tennis and swimming were less motivated than others. Elite hearing-impaired athletes are affected by both internal and external impulses. However, internal motivation scores are higher than the external. Internal motivation scores are seen as the lowest in the branch swimming area.

scholarly journals Development of a test for assessment of the lipreading ability for children in the Arabic-speaking countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Abdel-Fattah Hegazi ◽  
Aya Mohammed Saad ◽  
Mona Sameeh Khodeir
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Sensory Modality ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Normal Hearing ◽  
Hearing Impaired ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Hearing Children ◽  
Arabic Speaking

Abstract Background Lipreading is considered an important skill that varies considerably among normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) children. It is well known that normal-hearing children use audition as the primary sensory modality for speech perception, whereas HI children use lipreading cues as the primary sensory modality for speech perception. Moreover, speech perception is a multisensory process that involves attention to auditory signals as well as visual articulatory movements, and the integration of auditory and visual signals occurs naturally and automatically in normal individuals of all ages. Most researches proved that lipreading is a natural and important skill needed for language acquisition in HI children. Lipreading also helps HI children to perceive speech, acquire spoken language, and acquire phonology. In the Arabic language, tools are deficient for assessing the lipreading ability for HI children, so this study was conducted to develop a test suitable for assessing the lipreading ability of hearing-impaired children among Arabic-speaking countries. The constructed lipreading test was administered to 160 Arabic-speaking Egyptian children including 100 typically developing NH children and 60 HI children. Participants’ responses were statistically analyzed to assess the validity and reliability and to compare the lipreading ability between the NH and HI children. Ranks of percentiles were established to provide an estimate of the lipreading ability in children. Results Statistically significant differences were found between the normal-hearing and HI children as regards all subtotal and total scores of the Arabic lipreading test, with good validity and reliability of the test. Conclusions The Arabic lipreading test is a valid and reliable test that can be applied to assess the lipreading ability among Arabic-speaking children with HI.

scholarly journals The effect of a strategy based on the communicative approach in reading comprehension for tenth grade students in Jordan: أثر استراتيجية تستند للمنحى التواصلي في الاستيعاب القرائي لدى طالبات الصف العاشر الأساسي في الأردن

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Hammad Abdallah Al-mousah
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Continuous Approach ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tenth Grade ◽  
Communicative Approach ◽  
Experimental Group

The study aimed to reveal the effect of a strategy based on the communicative approach in reading comprehension for tenth grade students in Jordan. To achieve the aims of the study, a test was designed to measure reading comprehension skills, and its validity and reliability were confirmed, The semi-experimental design was adopted, as the experimental group consisting of (25) students was studied according to the strategy based on the communicative approach, and the control group consisting of (25) students was studied in the usual way, The test was applied to the two groups before and after the experiment, The results of the ANCOVA analysis showed that there was a statistically significant difference at (α≤05,0) between the two groups due to the strategy based on the continuous approach in improving reading comprehension, and for the benefit of the experimental group. The study recommended employing a communicative approach in teaching the Arabic language topic, and conducting other similar studies in different educational stages and with new changes.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA DIORAMA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR BAHASA ARAB DI KELAS VII MTSN YOGYAKARTA I

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-270
Author(s):  
Dini Latifah
Keyword(s):  
Reading Skill ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
T Test ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
And Control ◽  
Academic Year

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of diorama media and whether there is a significant difference in improving the learning outcomes of Arabic language in terms of the reading skills of class VII students of MTsN Yogakarta I. The test of the instrument using the validity and reliability test showed that 25 test questions all proved valid and reliable with a reliability coefficient of 0.957 for multiple choice and 0.978 for essay. Before the data were analyzed, the data should be tested by kolmogorov smirnov test and Varian analysis test (ANOVA) to know that the data were normally distributed and homogeneous. Furthermore, the data were tested with "t" test with paired-samples T test to know the significance of pre-test and post-test of the experiment and control classes and to know the effect or influence of diorama media in improving the learning result of Arabic especially on reading skill of class VII students of MTsN Yogyakarta I academic year 2014/2015. The calculation results show that the significance of 0.000 is less than 0.05 so it is stated as significant. The results show that learning Arabic with diorama media is more effective than book media in helping to improve learning result of Arabic language in terms of reading skill of students of class VII MTsN Yogyakarta I academic year 2014/2015 and there is a significant difference between reading by using diorama media and by reading without diorama media.

scholarly journals The Efficiency of Integrating Strategy Between Generative Learning and Concept Maps in Developing Grammatical Skills Among Third-grade Intermediate Female Students in Taif Governorate: فاعلية استراتيجية الدمج بين التعلم التوليدي وخرائط المفاهيم في تنمية المهارات النحوية لدى طالبات الصف الثالث المتوسط بمحافظة الطائف

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Engud obaid nawar Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Concept Maps ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Third Grade ◽  
Generative Learning ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grammatical Skills ◽  
Total Average

The research aimed to reveal the efficiency of using a strategy based on the integration between generative learning and concept maps in the development of grammatical skills. The semi-experimental approach was used, two tools were designed: a list of grammatical skills, and a grammatical skills test; to reveal the efficiency of a strategy based on the integration between generative learning and concept maps in the development of grammatical skills among third-grade intermediate class, two research materials were designed: the teacher’s and female student guides; to develop grammatical skills, after the researcher verified the validity and reliability of the study tools, she began applying them to the study sample consisting of (58) students in the third grade intermediate; distributed in two groups; (29) experimental, and (29) control, after performing the necessary statistical analyses, the study showed that there is a statistically significant difference at the significance level (0.05) between the average scores of female students of the experimental and control groups in the post-application of the grammar skills test; at the macro level, the experimental got a total average (26.34 for the experimental), while the control got a total average (16.79 for the control) at the level of understanding and grammatical interpretation - grammatical classification - grammatical deduction - grammatical application - grammatical rule - in its overall score in favor of the experimental group. On the focus of the study results, the study recommended the necessity of curriculum planners' interest in developing grammar teaching by employing modern strategies such as generative learning and concept maps, conducting training courses for Arabic language teachers to help them in use of modern strategies. The study also recommended to motivate grammar teachers and third intermediate female students to adhere both writing and oral grammatical skills.

scholarly journals A Study on Bullying Tendencies among Preadolescents

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Nurten Sargin
Keyword(s):  
Personal Information ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Factor ◽  
Age Range

The amount of bullying escalating in schools in recent years has been approached as an issue that needs to be investigated, whose causes need to be searched and for which preventive efforts should be made. This study is aimed at examining the bullying tendencies among preadolescents. The study was carried out with middle school preadolescents in Konya between the years 2016 and 2017. The voluntary participants were 122 female and 78 male students with an age range of 13 to 14 years. The participants were administered the Bullying Tendency Scale, which was developed and whose validity and reliability was established by Dölek (2002), and the demographic information about the students were collected using a Personal Information Form developed by the researcher. Analysis of the data obtained in the study revealed significant results in favour of male students in negative reflection, lack of emotional sharing, causing distress, use of force and bullying tendency according to the gender of participants. In terms of age factor, significant results were obtained in favour of 14 year-olds in causing distress, use of force and bullying tendency. For negative reflection, no significant difference was found in justification and lack of emotional sharing according to the age of preadolescents. Similarly, no significant difference was found in relation to the socio-economic status of the participants. Recommendations were offered based on the results of the study.

scholarly journals Validity and reliability of the Arabic dyscalculia test in diagnosing Egyptian dyscalculic school-age children

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Abdou ◽  
N. H. Hamouda ◽  
A. M. Fawzy
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Arabic Language ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Mathematical Skills ◽  
Intellectual Function ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Modified Test

Abstract Background Mathematical skills have an important role in progress of the educational level of nations. Unfortunately, there are still some pupils in school with normal intellectual function, but they have different degrees of mathematical disabilities that really can fall apart their whole life. Dyscalculia is called number blindness. It is the name given to the condition that affects our ability to acquire arithmetical skills. In the Arabic language, there is a deficiency in tools for diagnosis of dyscalculia, so we conducted this study to formulate a test suitable for diagnosis of dyscalculia in Egyptian children via translation and modification of an American test (TOMA 3 test). Results The modified test was highly significant in discriminating dyscalculic from non-dyscalculic Egyptian pupils regarding all items of the test. Conclusion The Arabic version of TOMA-3 is valid and reliable for diagnosis of dyscalculia in Egyptian school-age children.

scholarly journals Relative validity and reliability of a diet risk score (DRS) for clinical practice

2020 ◽  
pp. bmjnph-2020-000134
Author(s):  
Emily A Johnston ◽  
Kristina S Petersen ◽  
Jeannette M Beasley ◽  
Tobias Krussig ◽  
Diane C Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Score ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Relative Validity ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Diet Assessment

IntroductionAdherence to cardioprotective dietary patterns can reduce risk for developing cardiometabolic disease. Rates of diet assessment and counselling by physicians are low. Use of a diet screener that rapidly identifies individuals at higher risk due to suboptimal dietary choices could increase diet assessment and brief counselling in clinical care.MethodsWe evaluated the relative validity and reliability of a 9-item diet risk score (DRS) based on the Healthy Eating Index (HEI)-2015, a comprehensive measure of diet quality calculated from a 160-item, validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). We hypothesised that DRS (0 (low risk) to 27 (high risk)) would inversely correlate with HEI-2015 score. Adults aged 35 to 75 years were recruited from a national research volunteer registry (ResearchMatch.org) and completed the DRS and FFQ in random order on one occasion. To measure reliability, participants repeated the DRS within 3 months.ResultsIn total, 126 adults (87% female) completed the study. Mean HEI-2015 score was 63.3 (95% CI: 61.1 to 65.4); mean DRS was 11.8 (95% CI: 10.8 to 12.8). DRS and HEI-2015 scores were inversely correlated (r=−0.6, p<0.001; R2=0.36). The DRS ranked 37% (n=47) of subjects in the same quintile, 41% (n=52) within ±1 quintile of the HEI-2015 (weighted κ: 0.28). The DRS had high reliability (n=102, ICC: 0.83). DRS mean completion time was 2 min.ConclusionsThe DRS is a brief diet assessment tool, validated against a FFQ, that can reliably identify patients with reported suboptimal intake. Future studies should evaluate the effectiveness of DRS-guided diet assessment in clinical care.Trial registration detailsClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03805373).

scholarly journals Blood Micronutrient and Thyroid Hormone Concentrations in the Oldest-Old

2000 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 2260-2265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Ravaglia ◽  
Paola Forti ◽  
Fabiola Maioli ◽  
Barbara Nesi ◽  
Loredana Pratelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Serum Zinc ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plasma Retinol ◽  
Age Range

Several micronutrients are involved in thyroid hormone metabolism, but it is unclear whether their marginal deficits may contribute to the alterations in thyroid function observed in extreme aging. The relationships among blood concentrations of thyroid hormones and selenium, zinc, retinol, and α-tocopherol were studied in 44 healthy Northern Italian oldest-old subjects (age range, 90–107 yr), selected by the criteria of the SENIEUR protocol. Control groups included 44 healthy adult (age range, 20–65 yr) and 44 SENIEUR elderly (age range, 65–89 yr) subjects. Oldest-old subjects had higher TSH (P &lt; 0.01) and lower free T3 (FT3)/freeT4 (FT4) ratio, zinc, and selenium serum values (P &lt; 0.001) than adult and elderly control subjects. No significant difference was found for plasma retinol and α-tocopherol values. The associations between micronutrients and thyroid hormones were evaluated by multivariate analysis. In oldest-old subjects, plasma retinol was negatively associated with FT4 (P = 0.019) and TSH serum levels (P = 0.040), whereas serum zinc was positively associated with serum FT3 (P = 0.010) and FT3/FT4 ratio (P = 0.011). In younger subjects, no significant association was found among thyroid variables and micronutrients. In conclusion, blood levels of specific micronutrients are associated with serum iodothyronine levels in extreme aging.

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