scholarly journals The virtual Clinical Assessment of Skills and Competence: the impact and challenges of a digitised final examination

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kenny Chu ◽  
Shivanthi Sathanandan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Royal College ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Final Examination ◽  
Delivery Of Healthcare ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Trainee Experience

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected how clinical examinations are conducted, resulting in the Royal College of Psychiatrists delivering the Clinical Assessment of Skills and Competence virtually. Although this pragmatic step has allowed for progression of training, it has come at the cost of a significantly altered examination experience. This article aims to explore the fairness of such an examination, the difference in trainee experience, and the use of telemedicine to consider what might be lost as well as gained at a time when medical education and delivery of healthcare are moving toward the digitised frontier.

scholarly journals The Impact of CEOs' Compensations on Cost Stickiness in Industrial Companies Listed on the Amman Stock Exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Lina Fuad Hussien
Keyword(s):  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Industrial Companies ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Cost Behavior ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cost Stickiness

The purpose of this study is to analyze the asymmetry in cost behavior (cost stickiness) and to identify the impact of CEOs' compensation on the degree of cost stickiness behavior. The study population consists of the public shareholding companies listed on the ASE, which number (56) industrial company. Data were collected from (35) industrial companies for the period (2009 - 2019). To measure the degree of costs stickiness, The Model of Weiss (2010) was used. The Model of Weiss (2010) takes into account the costs and changes in the level of activity (sales) for the last four quarters of the company, Weiss (2010) model constructs the difference in logarithmic ratios of changes in cost. The study found that the CEO's compensation in Jordanian industrial companies consists of two forms. The companies pay fixed salaries or performance-related bonuses. The study found that the form of compensation that is paid to the CEO affects the behavior of managers. The results indicated that the performance-related rewards are accompanied by a decrease in the level of cost stickiness, and the compensation paid in the form of fixed salaries are accompanied by a high level of cost stickiness. The study recommends that companies should understand the role of the compensation form in administrative decisions, especially with regard to resource modifications, as management motives in relation to resource modifications must be taken into account because of their clear and direct impact on the cost structure of companies.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KETERLAMBATAN PROYEK SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP BIAYA DAN WAKTU PELAKSANAAN PROYEK

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
Fitri Nur Kharina ◽  
Kusno Adi Sambowo
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Project Work ◽  
Earned Value ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Review Period ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Construction projects in all regions continues to be developed for the creation of facilities that can be utilized by the community. One of them is the construction of apartments which are now being intensively carried out to meet residential needs for the community. Making a construction project plan always refers to estimates that exist at the time development plan is made, therefore problems can arise if there is a discrepancy between the plans that have been made and the actual reality. So the impact that often occurs is the delay in the time of project implementation which can also be accompanied by an increase in the cost of implementing the project. In the construction project of Cinere Terrace Suites Apartemen & Citywalk, Jakarta there was a delay resulting in a late payment of monthly bill progress by the owner. Based on the above reasons, this research was conducted to find out how the project performance was seen from the cost and time period of the review period. how is the estimated cost and time to complete the overall project work. The method used in the analysis of this study is the Earned Value Method. Based on the results of the analysis carried out for 29 weeks the project performance on schedule has been delayed and cost shows a positive value. For the estimated completion time of the project there is an increase in time whose duration increases from the planned 98 weeks or 685 days to 109,624 weeks or 768 days. While the estimated cost of completing the project from the results of the analysis obtained a value of Rp. 270,147,448,569.16 smaller than the planned cost of Rp. 315,272,727,272.73. With the difference VAC of Rp. 45,125,278,703.57 this shows that there are benefits obtained by the contractor.

Cost-effectiveness of two screening strategies for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae as part of the PrEP programme in the Netherlands: a modelling study

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054741
Author(s):  
Francine van Wifferen ◽  
Elske Hoornenborg ◽  
Maarten F Schim van der Loeff ◽  
Janneke Heijne ◽  
Albert Jan van Hoek
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Life Years ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users are routinely tested four times a year (3 monthly) for asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) infections on three anatomical locations. Given the high costs of this testing to the PrEP programme, we assessed the impact of 3 monthly screening(current practice), compared with 6 monthly on the disease burden. We quantified the difference in impact of these two testing frequencies on the prevalence of CT and NG among all men who have sex with men (MSM) who are at risk of an STI, and explored the cost-effectiveness of 3-monthly screening compared with a baseline scenario of 6-monthly screening.MethodsA dynamic infection model was developed to simulate the transmission of CT and NG among sexually active MSM (6500 MSM on PrEP and 29 531 MSM not on PrEP), and the impact of two different test frequencies over a 10-year period. The difference in number of averted infections was used to calculate incremental costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALY) as well as an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) from a societal perspective.ResultsCompared with 6-monthly screening, 3-monthly screening of PrEP users for CT and NG cost an additional €46.8 million over a period of 10 years. Both screening frequencies would significantly reduce the prevalence of CT and NG, but 3-monthly screening would avert and extra ~18 250 CT and NG infections compared with 6-monthly screening, resulting in a gain of ~81 QALYs. The corresponding ICER was ~€430 000 per QALY gained, which exceeded the cost-effectiveness threshold of €20 000 per QALY.ConclusionsThree-monthly screening for CT and NG among MSM on PrEP is not cost-effective compared with 6-monthly screening. The ICER becomes more favourable when a smaller fraction of all MSM at risk for an STI are screened. Reducing the screening frequency could be considered when the PrEP programme is established and the prevalence of CT and NG decline.

scholarly journals Drug price control order: the impact on pharmacoeconomics

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2220
Author(s):  
Suchi M. Shah ◽  
Anil P. Singh ◽  
Parth K. Vachhani
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Drug Price ◽  
Price Control ◽  
Medical Specialties ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Order ◽  
Microsoft Office ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Background: The objective of the present study was to analyze the prices of metformin, losartan, atorvastatin, paracetamol and aspirin for the doses which are included in the list of Drug Price Control Order (DPCO) 2013.Methods: Current index medical specialties India, 37th year, April-July 2015 issue was used for analysis. The retail prices of the drugs in INR were tabulated in Microsoft Office Excel 2013. The prices of the above listed drugs were compared with prices of DPCO 2013 for the same doses of drugs. The analysis of drugs costing more than the prices listed in the DPCO with the margin of the difference in percentage was carried out.Results: Out of 25 brands of metformin 500 mg tablet, 11 (44%) brands had price higher than listed in DPCO 2013. Similarly, prices for losartan 25 mg and 50 mg tablets, 8 (25%) out of 32 and 11 (31.42%) out of 35 were higher respectively. For atorvastatin 5 mg and 10 mg tablets, 2 (9.52%) out of 21 and 8 (13.55%) out of 59 brands had higher prices. For paracetamol 500 mg tablet, 12 (63.15%) out of 19 brands were priced higher than DPCO list. For aspirin 100 mg tablet and 325 mg tablet, 3 (100%) out of 3 brands and 1 (100%) out of 1 brand had higher prices.Conclusions: Many of the brand formulations have higher prices than the DPCO 2013 issued by government of India. The clinicians prescribing these drugs should be aware of these brand formulations to reduce the cost of the drug therapy.

scholarly journals The impact of the oil palm plantation area on the community economy in East Kutai Regency, East

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-137
Author(s):  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Community Economy ◽  
Plantation Development ◽  
Regional Influence ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Data Analysis Methods

This article is about how the impact of change and the extent of existing activities contribute to the surrounding community. The development of large private plantations in the East Kutai Regency has also been inseparable from problems, especially in the management of plasma plantations carried out by large plantation companies. Issues that arise include the difference in productivity between nucleus and plasma plantations, the low acceptance of plasma farmers so that it is considered not to improve the welfare of the community. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of large private plantations on community welfare, evaluating the implementation of plantation development activities in the East Kutai Regency. The sampling method is done by purposed sampling using data analysis methods, the analysis of the cost of the benefits of the area, the analysis of the level of welfare, and analysis of regional influence. With the results of the study as follows: the cost of benefits is positive; the multiplier value is 2,614 and the value of NTM is 0.37.

The Impact of Specially Designed Digital Games-Based Learning in Undergraduate Pathology and Medical Education

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rani Kanthan ◽  
Jenna-Lynn Senger
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Student Satisfaction ◽  
Digital Games ◽  
Satisfaction Survey ◽  
Control Group ◽  
First Year ◽  
Final Examination ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context—The rapid advances of computer technologies have created a new e-learner generation of “Homo-zappien” students that think and learn differently. Digital gaming is an effective, fun, active, and encouraging way of learning, providing immediate feedback and measurable process. Within the context of ongoing reforms in medical education, specially designed digital games, a form of active learning, are effective, complementary e-teaching/learning resources. Objective—To examine the effectiveness of the use of specially designed digital games for student satisfaction and for measurable academic improvement. Design—One hundred fourteen students registered in first-year pathology Medicine 102 had 8 of 16 lecture sessions reviewed in specially designed content-relevant digital games. Performance scores to relevant content sessions were analyzed at midterm and final examinations. Seventy-one students who registered in second-year pathology Medicine 202 were exposed to the games only during the final examination, with the midterm examination serving as an internal matched-control group. Outcome measures included performance at midterm and final examinations. Paired 2-tailed t test statistics compared means. A satisfaction survey questionnaire of yes or no responses analyzed student engagement and their perceptions to digital game-based learning. Results—Questions relevant to the game-play sessions had the highest success rate in both examinations among 114 first-year students. In the 71 second-year students, the examination scores at the end of the final examination were significantly higher than the scores on the midterm examination. Positive satisfaction survey noted increased student engagement, enhanced personal learning, and reduced student stress. Conclusions—Specially constructed digital games-based learning in undergraduate pathology courses showed improved academic performance as measured by examination test scores with increased student satisfaction and engagement.

scholarly journals Investment, financial markets and uncertainty

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-532
Author(s):  
Philip Arestis ◽  
Ana Rosa González-Martinez ◽  
Óscar Dejuán
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
External Finance ◽  
Financial Uncertainty ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Interest Rate ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Difference Gmm ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This contribution provides a theoretical explanation of the accumulation process, which focuses on the presence of correlations between physical and financial investment, and how the latter could affect the former. It also accounts for the influence of the cost of external finance and the impact of financial uncertainty as proxied by the interest rate and the exchange rate respectively; thereby utilising the Keynesian notion of conventions in the determination of investment. Our model is estimated by applying the difference GMM and the system GMM to a panel of 14 OECD countries from 1970 to 2010.

scholarly journals The influence of endogenous innovative sources on the development of exports of industrial enterprises

2021 ◽  
Vol 187 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-113
Author(s):  
Alla Dunska ◽  
◽  
Hanna Zhaldak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
System Development ◽  
Enterprise Development ◽  
Foreign Markets ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the essence of economic system development, giving the understanding of the difference between the categories of social and human capital. The authors of the paper describe the composition of the structure of social capital by using the method of analysis of hierarchies basing on the example of JSC «Kyivmedpreparat» and assessing the impact of elements of social capital in the context of export activities of the enterprise. The application of this methodology provides an opportunity to ensure the effective use of social capital as a resource and an endogenous innovative source of export activities of the enterprise, and increase the level of competitiveness of the enterprise in foreign markets. The developed methodological recommendations will be useful to experts in estimating the cost of export activities and forming a strategy for enterprise development.

scholarly journals PENGARUH METODE DAN UKURAN SAMPEL TERHADAP VARIANSI SKOR HASIL PENYETARAAN

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 365-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tri Rijanto
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Final Examination ◽  
Science Class ◽  
Replacement Technique ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi perbedaan variansi skor hasil penyetaraan (equating) metode linear dan metode eki-persentil untuk ukuran sampel 200, 400, dan 800 pada Ujian Akhir Sekolah Berstandar Nasional (UASBN). Metode yang digunakan adalah simulasi de-ngan variabel metode penyetaraan dan banyaknya responden. Data pene-litian berupa respons peserta UASBN SD/MI tahun pelajaran 2008/2009 mata pelajaran IPA di Jakarta Timur, yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik penarikan sampel acak dengan pengembalian. Hipotesis diuji menggunakan uji kesamaan variansi. Hasil penelitian dengan α = 0,05 menunjukkan: (1) variansi skor penyetaraan metode ekipersentil (σ2ekp200) tidak berbeda de-ngan variansi skor penyetaraan metode linear (σ2lin200) untuk ukuran sampel 200, (2) variansi skor penyetaraan metode ekipersentil (σ2ekp400) tidak ber-beda dengan variansi skor penyetaraan metode linear (σ2lin400) untuk ukuran sampel 400, dan (3) variansi skor penyetaraan metode ekipersentil (σ2ekp800) berbeda dengan variansi skor penyetaraan metode linear (σ2lin800) untuk ukuran sampel 800. Kata kunci: variansi skor, equating, metode ekipersentil, metode linear______________________________________________________________ THE IMPACT OF METHODS AND SAMPLE SIZE TO THE SCORE VARIANCE OF EQUATING RESULTAbstract This study was aimed to obtain information on the difference of score variance as a result of equating linear method and equipercentile method for the sample size of 200, 400, and 800 in the Final Examinition of National Standardized Schools. The method used was a simulation of variables equating method and the number of respondents. The population are examinees from the 2008/2009 elementary school final examination for science class in East Jakarta. Random sampling with replacement technique was used. The hypotheses were tested using similarity variance. The results with α = 0,05 showed that: (1) the equated score variance from equiper-centile method (σ2ekp200) was not different from the equated score variance from linear method (σ2lin200) for the sample size of 200, (2) the equated score variance from equipercentile method (σ2ekp400) was not different from the equated score variance from linear method (σ2lin400) for the sample size of 400, and (3) the equated score variance from equipercentile method (σ2ekp800) was different from the equated score variance from linear method (σ2lin800) for the sample size of 800. Keywords: score variance, equating, equipercentile method, linear method

scholarly journals Effects of the length of the milk collection route on the choice of the locality of milk processing

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 501-507
Author(s):  
I. Bošková
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Transport Costs ◽  
Milk Processing ◽  
Dairy Plant ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

The goal of the research was to identify how important was the distance between the milk producer and the milk processor in their decision of which dairy plant would do the processing. The study should indicate if the advantage of a lower price offered by the distant milk producer would be eliminated or preserved by the transport costs. In the study, the cost of various lengths of milk collection routes in Central Europe has been examined. The difference in cost, whether a short or long journey was travelled, was compared to the range of raw milk prices within the chosen territories in Central Europe. The results proved that the milk collection costs in Europe enable rather long journeys, from the producer to the processor, to be made. In three of the four examined regions, the usual collection route of 200 km followed by an additional journey of 400 km enabled the preservation of the milk price advantage gained due to this journey. The feasibility of long collection journeys would reduce the impact of the success of local processors on the economics of the surrounding milk producers and vice-versa and could play an important role in the movement of raw milk in Europe in the ongoing concentration and liberalization process of milk production in the EU.

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