Physical morbidity and mortality in male adolescent anorexia: a scoping review

AimsAnorexia Nervosa (AN) mimics a state of starvation as a result of extreme calorific restriction, often with associated extreme exercise or purging behaviours. The physiological demands are known to lead to a number of health complications and contribute to a significantly increased mortality compared to the general population. Although males account for 10% of the AN population, they are often underrepresented in research. There is a particular gap in evidence for males under 18 despite the unique physiological requirements of adolescence including growth, puberty and achieving peak bone mass.This review aims to bring together current research on physical health complications in male adolescent anorexia and help understand the knowledge gaps which exist.MethodA scoping literature review was undertaken between January and March 2020. A single researcher searched OvidSP, psychinfo, relevant grey literature and undertook hand searches of key reference lists. Following PRISMA-SCR protocol, abstracts and articles were screened against inclusion/exclusion criteria to identify relevant papers. Papers were then subjected to critical appraisal and findings summarised using a narrative approach. Key data for blood pressure, pulse and body temperature were pooled and analysed in the context of wider findings.ResultData from 219 patients were included from 20 studies. 13 of these studies were case studies or case series, 5 were cross sectional and 2 were cohort studies. Cardiovascular compromise including bradycardia (61%) and hypotension (30.3%) were common and a single episode of cardiac arrest was documented in the literature. Bone density was reduced (Z score ≤1) in 36.7% of cases. A wide variety of single episodes of physical morbidity were also documented including pneumothorax, liver dysfunction, growth retardation and thyroid dysfunction.ConclusionThis scoping review highlights the physiological compromise experienced by some male adolescents with AN. Guidelines for the identification, assessment and management of physical health complications - including MARSIPAN by the Royal College of Psychiatrists - continues to use data heavily drawn from female-biased populations. Given the evidence summarised, there is concern that in the absence of specific guidance, adolescent males may be at high risk of negative outcomes including acute cardiovascular compromise, osteoporosis and reduced linear growth.

Download Full-text

Scoping review protocol: bladder cancer in Nigeria: what are the gaps in clinical care and research?

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-041894 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. e041894

Author(s):

Joyce Kibaru ◽

Pinky Kotecha ◽

Abdulkarim Muhammad Iya ◽

Beth Russell ◽

Muzzammil Abdullahi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bladder Cancer ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Low Income ◽

Clinical Care ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Case Series ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Future Research ◽

Scoping Reviews ◽

Local Risk

IntroductionBladder cancer (BC) is the 10th common cancer worldwide and ranks seventh in Nigeria. This scoping review aims to identify the gaps in clinical care and research of BC in Nigeria as part of the development of a larger national research programme aiming to improve outcomes and care of BC.Methods and analysisThis review will be conducted according to Arksey and O’Malley scoping review methodology framework. The following electronic databases will be searched: Medline (using the PubMed interface), Ovid Gateway (Embase and Ovid), Cochrane library and Open Grey literature. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and subsequently screen full-text studies for inclusion, any lack of consensus will be discussed with a third reviewer. Any study providing insight into the epidemiology or treatment pathway of BC (RCTs, observations, case series, policy paper) will be included. A data chart will be used to extract relevant data from the included studies. Results will be reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews. A consultation process will be carried out with a multidisciplinary team of Nigerian healthcare professionals, patients and scientists.Ethics and disseminationThe results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications. By highlighting the key gaps in the literature, this review can provide direction for future research and clinical guidelines in Nigeria (and other low-income and middle-income countries), where BC is more prevalent due to local risk factors and healthcare settings.

Download Full-text

Food Security in Ghanaian Urban Cities: A Scoping Review of the Literature

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu13103615 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 3615

Author(s):

Robert Akparibo ◽

Richmond Nii Okai Aryeetey ◽

Evans Atiah Asamane ◽

Hibbah Arabah Osei-Kwasi ◽

Elysa Ioannou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Food Samples ◽

Vulnerable Groups ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Policy Makers ◽

Urban Food Security ◽

Scoping Literature Review ◽

Food Safety And Quality

Urbanisation in Ghana could be negatively impacting the state of food security, especially in economically vulnerable groups. Food supply, safety, and quality are all aspects of food security which could be impacted. We conducted a scoping literature review to understand the nature and magnitude of evidence available on the urban food security situation in Ghana. A literature search was conducted in Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, Web of Science, Africa Wide Information and Google Scholar to identify relevant peer-reviewed and grey literature. 45 studies, mainly cross-sectional surveys/food samples analysis, met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were concentrated in the Greater Accra Region (n = 24). Most studies focused on food safety and quality (n = 31). Studies on supply and stability were, however, scarce. Qualitative research methods were uncommon in the included studies. The existing literature on food security are concentrated in two regions: The Greater Accra and Ashanti regions. Future studies exploring food security in urban Ghana should focus on exploring the lived experiences and perceptions of food insecurity and food stability by urban-dwellers using qualitative methods. The evidence suggesting that the safety/quality of foods sold in Ghanaian markets is poor should be a concern to consumers and policy makers.

Download Full-text

Sedentary Behavior Research in the Chinese Population: A Systematic Scoping Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17103576 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (10) ◽

pp. 3576 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ran Bao ◽

Si-Tong Chen ◽

Yanlei Wang ◽

Jun Xu ◽

Lei Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Sedentary Behavior ◽

Longitudinal Studies ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Journal Articles ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Measurement Tools ◽

Clinical Populations

Background: The negative effects of sedentary behavior (SB) on public health have been extensively documented. A large number of studies have demonstrated that high prevalence of SB is a critical factor of all-cause mortality. Globally, the frequency of SB research has continued to rise, but little is known about SB in the Chinese population. Therefore, this review was conducted to scope the research situation and to fill the gaps related to the effects of SB in the Chinese population. Methods: Using a scoping review based on York methodology, a comprehensive search of published journal articles and grey literature was carried out through 12 databases. The literature research was conducted by two authors in July 2019, and included journal articles that targeted on the Chinese population were published between 1999 and 2019. The two authors screened the records independently and included those research topics related to SB in the Chinese population. Results: The number of included studies increased from 1 to 29 per year during the analyzed period, during which, a remarkable climb happened from 8 in 2013 to 19 in July 2019. Out of the 1303 screened studies, a total of 162 studies (81 English and 81 Chinese journal articles) met the inclusion criteria in this review. Most of the included studies (66.0%) reported the overall estimated prevalence of SB, in which, 43.2% of studies reported the average time of SB, and 40.0% of studies reported the cutoff point of SB. Besides this, 54.9% and 23.5% of studies focused on the outcomes and correlates/determinants of SB, and the proportions of studies based on testing the validation of measurement tools and on interventions were 3.7% and 4.9%, respectively. Nearly all of the reviewed articles used data from cross-sectional studies (75.9%) and longitudinal studies (13.6%), while intervention trials are less developed. The majority of the studies (64.8%) used self-reported surveys, and only 3.7% studies used device-based measurement tools. Furthermore, 35.8% of the included studies were focused on children and adolescents, while only a few studies investigated infants/toddlers and older adults. Both female and male were examined in most studies, and non-clinical populations were investigated in the context of SB in a relatively large number of studies. Conclusions: The number of research articles on SB in the Chinese population published per year has increased year by year, indicating a growing interest in this research area. More studies using population subgroup samples are needed, particularly among infants/toddlers, older adults, and clinical populations. To provide stronger evidence of the determinants and outcomes of SB, longitudinal studies using device-based measures of SB are required.

Download Full-text

Risk Factors for Eating Disorders Among Male Adolescent Athletes / Dejavniki Tveganja Motenj Hranjenja Med Športniki V Adolescenci

Slovenian Journal of Public Health ◽

10.1515/sjph-2015-0008 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 58-65 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Suzana Pustivšek ◽

Vedran Hadžić ◽

Edvin Dervišević

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Male Adolescent ◽

Adolescent Athletes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Male Athletes ◽

Male Adolescents ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Training Frequency ◽

And Training

Abstract Objective. Eating disorders (ED) are an important and increasing problem in adolescents. The objective of this study was to examine the risk factors and the prevalence of risk for ED among male adolescent elite athletes and nonathletic controls. Differences between male athletes competing in aerobic, anaerobic and aerobic-anaerobic sports were examined as well. Methods. This was a cross-sectional epidemiological study. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey and anthropometric measurements were conducted on 351 adolescents (athletes n = 228; controls n = 123). All participants were aged 15-17 at the time of measuring. Risk for ED was determined using a SCOFF questionnaire. Results. The overall prevalence of the risk for ED in male adolescents was 24.8%, with no significant differences among athletes and controls or different subgroups of athletes (p>0.05), although the highest prevalence (37.2%) was registered in aerobic subgroup of athletes. Higher number of attempts to lose weight was associated with increased risk of ED in each group (athletes and controls). Other predictors referred to lack of breakfast and body composition in aerobic subgroup of athletes and number of meals and training frequency in anaerobic subgroup. The most common reasons for dieting were improvement of sport results (19.6-44.2%) and better self-esteem (41.5%) in athletes and controls respectively. Conclusions. Participation in the competitive sport itself is not associated with the increased risk for ED. It seems that risk factors for ED for adolescent athletes competing in aerobic and anaerobic sports represent a subject that deserves consideration and further investigation in the future

Download Full-text

Anatomical Variation of the Psoas Valley: A Scoping Review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16684/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yuichi Kuroda ◽

Ankit Rai ◽

Masayoshi Saito ◽

Vikas Khanduja

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Case Reports ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Case Series ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Anterior Wall ◽

Computer Search ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Acetabular Rim

Abstract Background: This scoping review aimed to investigate the literature on the anatomy of the psoas valley, an anterior depression on the acetabular rim, and propose a unified definition of the anatomical structure, describe its dimensions, anatomical variations and clinical implications. Methods: A systematic computer search of EMBASE, PubMed and Cochrane for literature related to the psoas valley was undertaken using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Clinical outcome studies, prospective/retrospective case series, case reports and review articles that described the psoas valley and its synonyms were included. Studies on animals as well as book chapters were excluded. Results: Of the 313 articles, the filtered literature search identified 14 papers describing the psoas valley and its synonyms such as iliopsoas notch, a notch between anterior inferior iliac spine and the iliopubic eminence, Psoas-U and anterior wall depression. Most of these were cross-sectional studies that mainly analyzed normal skeletal hips. In terms of anatomical variation, 4 different configurations of the anterior acetabular rim have been identified and it was found that the curved type was the most frequent while the straight type may be nonexistent. Additionally, the psoas valley tended to be deeper in males as compared with females. Several papers established the psoas valley, or Psoas-U in a consistent location at approximately 3 o'clock on the acetabular rim which may have implications with labral pathology. Conclusion: This review highlights the importance of the anatomy of the psoas valley which is a consistent bony landmark. The anatomy and the anatomical variations of the psoas valley need to be well-appreciated by surgeons involved in the management of young adults with hip pathology and also joint replacement surgeons to ensure appropriate seating of the acetabular component.

Download Full-text

Effective therapeutic interventions for Australian adolescents using alcohol and/or other drugs: a scoping review

International Journal of Mental Health Systems ◽

10.1186/s13033-020-00425-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer Martin ◽

Marg Liddell ◽

Susan Roberts ◽

Emily Greenwood

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Evidence Base ◽

Therapeutic Interventions ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Literature Searches ◽

Scoping Literature Review ◽

Ebsco Host ◽

The Cochrane Library ◽

Alcohol And Other Drugs

Abstract Background There are a variety of residential and community service models of therapeutic interventions for people using substances. The focus of much of the currently available research is on adult populations with relatively little known about effective therapeutic interventions for adolescents. The aim of this paper is to identify the most effective therapeutic interventions for Australian adolescents using substances by conducting a systematic scoping literature review. Methods We followed the PRISMA guidelines to conduct a systematic scoping review that included searches of nine electronic databases (EMBASE, MEDLINE, EBSCO Host, APA PsycNet, SocIndex, Social Science Abstracts, Proquest Central Informit) and grey literature searches of government department and alcohol and other drugs peak body and service provider websites, Google Scholar and the Cochrane library. Results A total of 21 studies were identified. These studies included biological, psychological, social and technological therapeutic interventions targeted at different population groups and different substances. The review findings are limited and should considered with caution due to the inability to disaggregate the combinations of interventions provided and the low quality of most of the studies included. Conclusions This scoping review highlights the paucity of quality research on effective therapeutic interventions for Australian adolescents using substances. This is primarily due to the available studies not controlling for all of the therapeutic interventions provided. While there is an evidence-base for some of these interventions, others such as encounter groups and journaling require further and more substantive research for use with adolescents. This is necessary to enable informed service design and delivery decision-making and fiscal accountability.

Download Full-text

Pediatric Hand Fracture Referring Practices: A Scoping Review

Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1177/2292550319876659 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 340-347 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rebecca L. Hartley ◽

Anna R. Todd ◽

Alan R. Harrop ◽

Frankie O. G. Fraulin

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Data Extraction ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Hand Fractures ◽

Study Selection ◽

Primary Care Education ◽

Hand Fracture ◽

Study Designs

Background: Pediatric hand fractures are common, but few require surgery; therefore, these fractures are often perceived to be overreferred. Our objective is to systematically identify and describe pediatric hand fracture referring practices. Method: A scoping review was performed, searching electronic databases and grey literature up to January 2018 to identify referring practices for children (17 years and younger) with hand fractures (defined as radiographically confirmed fractures distal to the carpus) to hand surgeons. All study designs were included, and study selection and data extraction were independently performed in duplicate by 2 reviewers. Outcomes included referring rates, necessity of referral, referring criteria, and management of fractures. Results: Twenty (10 cross-sectional, 7 prospective cohorts, and 3 narrative reviews) studies reporting on referring practices or management of 21,624 pediatric hand fractures were included. Proportion of pediatric hand fractures referred to hand surgeons ranged from 6.5% to 100%. Unnecessary referral, defined as those fractures within the scope of primary care management, ranged from 27% to 78.1%. Ten studies reported referring criteria, with 14 unique criteria identified. The most common referring criteria were displacement (36.4%), loss of joint congruity (36.4%), and instability (36.4%). The most common justification for these criteria was increased likelihood of requiring surgery. The most common initial management was immobilization (66%-100%). Final management was provided by orthopedic or plastic hand surgeons with 0% to 32.9% of fractures requiring surgery. Conclusion: Referring practices vary widely in the literature. Major gaps in the literature include objective measures and justification for referring criteria and primary care education on hand fracture referring practices.

Download Full-text

Frequency and distribution of neglected tropical diseases in Mozambique: a systematic review

Infectious Diseases of Poverty ◽

10.1186/s40249-019-0613-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Berta Grau-Pujol ◽

Marilia Massangaie ◽

Jorge Cano ◽

Carmen Maroto ◽

Alcino Ndeve ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Neglected Tropical Diseases ◽

Case Reports ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Case Series ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Effective Control ◽

Tropical Diseases ◽

Case Control Studies ◽

Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people living in vulnerable conditions. In spite of initiatives recently contributing to fill NTDs gaps on national and local prevalence and distribution, more epidemiological data are still needed for effective control and elimination interventions. Main text Mozambique is considered one of the countries with highest NTDs burden although available data is scarce. This study aims to conduct a systematic review on published available data about the burden and distribution of the different NTDs across Mozambique since January 1950 until December 2018. We identified manuscripts from electronic databases (Pubmed, EmBase and Global Health) and paper publications and grey literature from Mozambique Ministry of Health. Manuscripts fulfilling inclusion criteria were: cross-sectional studies, ecological studies, cohorts, reports, systematic reviews, and narrative reviews capturing epidemiological information of endemic NTDs in Mozambique. Case-control studies, letters to editor, case reports and case series of imported cases were excluded. A total of 466 manuscripts were initially identified and 98 were finally included after the revision following PRISMA guidelines. Eleven NTDs were reported in Mozambique during the study span. Northern provinces (Nampula, Cabo Delgado, Niassa, Tete and Zambezia) and Maputo province had the higher number of NTDs detected. Every disease had their own report profile: while schistosomiasis have been continuously reported since 1952 until nowadays, onchocerciasis and cysticercosis last available data is from 2007 and Echinococcosis have never been evaluated in the country. Thus, both space and time gaps on NTDs epidemiology have been identified. Conclusions This review assembles NTDs burden and distribution in Mozambique. Thus, contributes to the understanding of NTDs epidemiology in Mozambique and highlights knowledge gaps. Hence, the study provides key elements to progress towards the control and interruption of transmission of these diseases in the country.

Download Full-text

Interventions to treat post-traumatic disorder (PTSD) in vulnerably housed populations and trauma-informed care: A scoping review

10.1101/2021.06.07.21258494 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexandria Bennett ◽

Kien Crosse ◽

Michael Ku ◽

Nicole E Edgar ◽

Amanda Hodgson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Case Series ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Trauma Informed Care ◽

High Staff Turnover ◽

Trauma Informed ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

Emotional Safety

Objectives: The goals of this study are to identify and analyse interventions that aim to treat Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD in individuals who are vulnerably housed and to describe how these treatments have been delivered using trauma-informed care. Design: Scoping review Search strategy: We searched electronic databases including MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PTSDpubs for published literature up to March 2020 for any studies that examined the treatment of PTSD in adults who were vulnerably housed. Websites of relevant organizations and other grey literature sources were searched to supplement the electronic database search. The characteristics and effect of the interventions were analyzed. We also explored how the interventions were delivered and the elements of trauma-informed care that were described. Results: 26 studies were included. We identified four types of interventions: (1) trauma focused psychotherapies; (2) non-trauma psychotherapies; (3) housing interventions; and (4) pharmacotherapies. The trauma-informed interventions were small case series and the non-trauma focused therapies included four randomized controlled trials, were generally ineffective. Of the ten studies which described trauma-informed care the most commonly named elements were physical and emotional safety, the experience of feeling heard and understood, and flexibility of choice. The literature also commented on the difficulty of providing care to this population including lack of private space to deliver therapy; the co-occurrence of substance use; and barriers to follow-up including limited length of stay in different shelters and high staff turnover. Conclusions: This scoping review identified a lack of high-quality trials to address PTSD in the vulnerably housed. There is a need to conduct well designed trials that take into account the unique setting of this population and which describe those elements of trauma-informed care that are most important and necessary.

Download Full-text

Mapping the Multiple Health System Responsiveness Mechanisms in One Local Health System: A Scoping Review of the Western Cape Provincial Health System of South Africa

International Journal of Health Policy and Management ◽

10.34172/ijhpm.2021.85 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tammy Sutherns ◽

Jill Olivier

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Secondary Analysis ◽

Local Health ◽

Western Cape ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Middle Income ◽

System Responsiveness ◽

Health System Responsiveness

Background: Despite governments striving for responsive health systems and the implementation of mechanisms to foster better citizen feedback and strengthen accountability and stewardship, these mechanisms do not always function in effective, equitable, or efficient ways. There is also limited evidence that maps the diverse array of responsiveness mechanisms coherently across a particular health system, especially in low- and middle-income country (LMIC) contexts. Methods: This scoping review presents a cross-sectional ‘map’ of types of health system responsiveness mechanisms; the regulatory environment; and evidence available about these; and assesses what is known about their functionality in a particular local South African health system; the Western Cape (WC) province. Multiple forms of indexed and grey literature were synthesized to provide a contextualized understanding of current ‘formal’ responsiveness mechanisms mandated in national and provincial policies and guidelines (n = 379). Various forms of secondary analysis were applied across quantitative and qualitative data, including thematic and time-series analyses. An expert checking process was conducted, with three local field experts, as a final step to check the veracity of the analytics and conclusions made. Results: National, provincial and district policies make provision for health system responsiveness, including varied mechanisms intended to foster public feedback. However, while some are shown to be functioning and effective, there are major barriers faced by all, such as resource and capacity constraints, and a lack of clarity about roles and responsibilities. Most mechanisms exist in isolation, failing to feed into an overarching strategy for improved responsiveness. Conclusion: The lack of synergy between mechanisms or analysis of varied forms of feedback is a missed opportunity. Decision-makers are unable to see trends or gaps in the flow of feedback, check whether all voices are heard or fully understand whether/how systemic response occurs. Urgent health system work lies in the research of macro ‘whole’ systems responsiveness (levels, development, trends).

Download Full-text