How many Psychiatric Patients in Prison?

1984 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Coid
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Medical Service ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Behavioural Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Mentally Handicapped

SummaryThe paper compares the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity amongst sentenced prisoners and in the general population. Major psychosis was no more common in the majority of studies of criminal populations. Although prisoners have a higher level of neurotic symptomatology, this was mainly found to be secondary to imprisonment itself. Long term imprisonment was not found to be a precipitant of severe psychiatric morbidity or intellectual deterioration, and prisoners adopt elaborate coping mechanisms which may themselves be protective. However, there is a higher prevalence of mentally handicapped and epileptic prisoners, and doctors in the Prison Medical Service have to cope with frequent, serious behavioural problems. Prisons appear to be a particularly important area for future psychiatric research.

Hysterectomy and Psychiatric Disorder: I. Levels of Psychiatric Morbidity before and after Hysterectomy

1982 ◽  
Vol 140 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Gath ◽  
Peter Cooper ◽  
Ann Day
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Social Functioning ◽  
Present State ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
State Examination

SummaryOne hundred and fifty-six women with menorrhagia of benign origin were interviewed before hysterectomy, and re-interviewed six months post-operatively (n = 147), and again 18 months post-operatively (n = 148). Levels of psychiatric morbidity were significantly higher before the operation than after. On the Present State Examination, 58 per cent of patients were psychiatric cases before surgery, as against 29 per cent at the 18-month follow-up. Similar post-operative improvements were found on measures of mood (POMS), and of psychosexual and social functioning. Most of these improvements had occurred within three to six months after the operation. Both before and after hysterectomy, levels of psychiatric morbidity were high by comparison with women in the general population, but lower than in psychiatric patients. The pre-operative psychiatric morbidity had been mainly of long duration.

scholarly journals Mortality among people with mental disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Amaddeo ◽  
Michele Tansella
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Systems Of Care ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Psychiatric Services ◽  
Community Based

Mortality among psychiatric patients has been found to be higher than the general population, not only in those long-term residents in old-fashioned psychiatric hospitals or attending hospital-based psychiatric services (Harris & Barraclough, 1998) but also in those treated in modern community-based systems of care (Amaddeo et al., 1995; Grigoletti et al., 2009).

Psychopathology 8½ Years Post Parasuicide

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Curran ◽  
Michael Fitzgerald ◽  
Vincent T Greene
Keyword(s):  
Rating Scales ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Social Maladjustment ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

There are few long-term follow-up studies of parasuicides incorporating face-to-face interviews. To date no study has evaluated the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity at long-term follow-up of parasuicides using diagnostic rating scales, nor has any study examined parental bonding issues in this population. We attempted a prospective follow-up of 85 parasuicide cases an average of 8½ years later. Psychiatric morbidity, social functioning, and recollections of the parenting style of their parents were assessed using the Clinical Interview Schedule, the Social Maladjustment Scale, and the Parental Bonding Instrument, respectively. Thirty-nine persons in total were interviewed, 19 of whom were well and 20 of whom had psychiatric morbidity. Five had died during the follow-up period, 3 by suicide. Migration, refusals, and untraceability were common. Parasuicide was associated with parental overprotection during childhood. Long-term outcome is poor, especially among those who engaged in repeated parasuicides.

COVID - 19 AND THE PROBLEM OF PERSONALITY

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Mazaeva N.A. ◽  
Golovina A.G.
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Personal Transformation ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
Age Dependent

In order to determine possible trends in the dynamics and characterological structure of personality in the General population caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a long-term strong stressful effect and clinically and psychopathologically comparable to chronic personality changes after experiencing a disaster, the conditions predisposing to personal transformation, including clinical and prognostic patterns, are analyzed. The age-dependent nature of these changes is shown, and a number of features identified for different age groups are discussed.

scholarly journals Health Consequences of an Elite Sporting Career: Long-Term Detriment or Long-Term Gain? A Meta-Analysis of 165,000 Former Athletes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Runacres ◽  
Kelly A. Mackintosh ◽  
Melitta A. McNarry
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
English Language ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Registration Number ◽  
Mortality Ratio ◽  
Former Elite Athletes

Abstract Introduction Exercise is widely accepted to improve health, reducing the risk of premature mortality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer. However, several epidemiological studies suggest that the exercise-longevity relationship may be ‘J’ shaped; with elite athlete’s likely training above these intensity and volume thresholds. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to examine this relationship in former elite athletes. Methods 38,047 English language articles were retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed and SportDiscus databases published after 1970, of which 44 and 24 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. Athletes were split into three groups depending on primary sport: Endurance (END), Mixed/Team, or power (POW). Standard mortality ratio’s (SMR) and standard proportionate mortality ratio (SPMR) were obtained, or calculated, and combined for the meta-analysis. Results Athletes lived significantly longer than the general population (male SMR 0.69 [95% CI 0.61–0.78]; female SMR 0.51 [95% CI 0.40–0.65]; both p < 0.01). There was no survival benefit for male POW athletes compared to the general population (SMR 1.04 [95% CI 0.91–1.12]). Although male athlete’s CVD (SMR 0.73 [95% CI 0.62–0.85]) and cancer mortality (SMR 0.75 [95% CI 0.63–0.89]), were significantly reduced compared to the general population, there was no risk-reduction for POW athletes CVD mortality (SMR 1.10 [0.86–1.40]) or END athletes cancer mortality (SMR 0.73 [0.50–1.07]). There was insufficient data to calculate female sport-specific SMR’s. Discussion Overall, athletes live longer and have a reduced incidence of both CVD and cancer mortality compared to the general population, refuting the ‘J’ shape hypothesis. However, different health risks may be apparent according to sports classification, and between sexes, warranting further investigation. Trial registration PROSPERO (registration number: CRD42019130688).

Long-Term Clinical Outcome in Elderly Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Repair

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Götte ◽  
Armin Zittermann ◽  
Kavous Hakim-Meibodi ◽  
Masatoshi Hata ◽  
Rene Schramm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
General Population ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Functional Class ◽  
Tricuspid Valve Repair ◽  
Valve Repair ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis

Abstract Background Long-term data on patients over 75 years undergoing mitral valve (MV) repair are scarce. At our high-volume institution, we, therefore, aimed to evaluate mortality, stroke risk, and reoperation rates in these patients. Methods We investigated clinical outcomes in 372 patients undergoing MV repair with (n = 115) or without (n = 257) tricuspid valve repair. The primary endpoint was the probability of survival up to a maximum follow-up of 9 years. Secondary clinical endpoints were stroke and reoperation of the MV during follow-up. Univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis was performed to assess independent predictors of mortality. Mortality was also compared with the age- and sex-adjusted general population. Results During a median follow-up period of 37 months (range: 0.1–108 months), 90 patients died. The following parameters were independently associated with mortality: double valve repair (hazard ratio, confidence interval [HR, 95% CI]: 2.15, 1.37–3.36), advanced age (HR: 1.07, CI: 1.01–1.14 per year), diabetes (HR: 1.97, CI: 1.13–3.43), preoperative New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class (HR: 1.41, CI: 1.01–1.97 per class), and operative creatininemax levels (HR: 1.32, CI: 1.13–1.55 per mg/dL). The risk of stroke in the isolated MV and double valve repair groups at postoperative year 5 was 5.0 and 4.1%, respectively (p = 0.65). The corresponding values for the risk of reoperation were 4.0 and 7.0%, respectively (p = 0.36). Nine-year survival was comparable with the general population (53.2 vs. 53.1%). Conclusion Various independent risk factors for mortality in elderly MV repair patients could be identified, but overall survival rates were similar to those of the general population. Consequently, our data indicates that repairing the MV in elderly patients represents a suitable and safe surgical approach.

Improving the physical health of long-stay psychiatric in-patients

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cormac ◽  
David Martin ◽  
Michael Ferriter
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Research Evidence ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Physical Health Care

Research evidence has shown that morbidity and mortality rates are higher in psychiatric patients than in the general population. This article describes factors that affect the physical health of psychiatric patients living in institutions and the steps that can be taken to review, monitor and improve their physical health. The physical health care of long-stay patients should reach the same standards as those expected in the general population.

Behaviour disturbance and mental handicap: typology and longitudinal trends

1984 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 923-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Leudar ◽  
W. I. Fraser ◽  
M. A. Jeeves
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Behavioural Disturbance ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Longitudinal Stability ◽  
Mental Handicap ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Antisocial Conduct

SynopsisBehaviour disturbance was investigated in mentally handicapped adults who were living in hospital or at home. The first part of the study describes an empirically derived typology of disturbed behaviour patterns and gives the details of a scale by means of which behaviour disturbance can be quantified along six dimensions: aggression, mood disturbance, communicativeness, antisocial conduct, idiosyncratic mannerisms, and self-injury. The second part of the study used the scale in a longitudinal study of behavioural disturbance. Different forms of disturbed behaviour exhibited different kinds of longitudinal stability, and the long-term changes in one aspect of disturbance depended on subjects' other disturbance scores.

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