On Warm and Cold Baths in the Treatment of Insanity

1858 ◽  
Vol 4 (26) ◽  
pp. 532-552
Author(s):  
Harrington Tuke
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disease ◽  
Warm Bath ◽  
Beneficial Effects

The employment of warm and cold bathing in the treatment of the insane is of the highest antiquity. Three thousand years ago, long before Pindar had sung his famous αϱιστον μεν υδωϱ, or that Hippocrates, arid after him Celsus, Aretæus, and Galen, had given their testimony to the value of its application in head affections, and in nervous disorders; Melampus the Pylian, the first “alienist,” and indeed the first physician of whom we have any record, is said to have cured mania and melancholia by the administration of hellebore and the use of the warm bath. It may be mythical, that by the last prescription he restored the health of a princess, and gained a wife; but it is not the less true that his practice, as recorded or alluded to by Homer, Herodotus, and Ovid, was rational and successful; and that the first specialist appears to have well understood the efficacy of purgation, and the beneficial effects of bathing, in the treatment of mental disease.

The Psycho-pathology of Alcoholism and Some So-called Alcoholic Psychoses

1920 ◽  
Vol 66 (274) ◽  
pp. 233-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Stanford Read
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Social Reconstruction ◽  
Excessive Drinking ◽  
Personal Factor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Great War

The social problems connected with alcohol are always before us, but social reconstruction after the great war has brought them into greater prominence than ever, while America having gone “dry” and the prohibition campaign starting in this country have brought the question of alcohol home to even the unthinking section of the community. In the past we have had the physiological effects of alcohol put before us almost ad nauseam, and everyone is fully aware of the disastrous wide-spread results of excessive drinking. Well-meaning temperance reformers are continually pointing out the intimate relationship existing between alcoholic excess and illness, crime and pauperism. Not so very long ago in the press, we had the almost amusing incident of a manifesto issued by a list of eminent physicians, who decried its use in medicine, followed not long afterwards by another manifesto signed by an equally eminent catalogue of medical men, who laid much emphasis on the beneficial effects of alcohol as a therapeutic agent. The personal factor is always apt to colour one's views, and I may be no exception to the rule. It is a common fallacy to suppose that science is free from bias and prejudice, but the facts I shall bring before your notice with regard to the relation of alcohol to mental disease will tend to indicate their presence.

scholarly journals Food neuropsychology and child brain development

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus W. Lange ◽  
Katharina M. Lange
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Iron And Zinc

Accumulated adverse events, including insufficient nutrition, throughout pregnancy and infancy can disrupt brain development as well as early learning and cognition. Food neuropsychology research in childhood investigates the pathway from prenatal and postnatal nutrient supply to long-term brain function and mental health. Adequate food supply and nutrition from conception through infancy play an essential role in normal brain development and cognitive functioning and may also influence vulnerability to mental disease later in life. Neurodevelopmental processes, such as neuron proliferation, myelination and synaptogenesis, occur rapidly during pregnancy and infancy and are critically dependent on a sufficient supply of a variety of nutrients, including protein, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, iodine, iron and zinc. The investigation of the molecular basis of food effects on cognition and mood will help ascertain early-life nutritional requirements in order that brain functions and mental fitness may be enhanced. There is currently no convincing evidence of beneficial effects of nutrients or food bioactives in child mental disorders. Numerous issues in the examination of the effects of specific nutrients, including the identification of nutrients critical at different phases of brain development and the optimal dosage and duration of supplementation, require further research.

scholarly journals Berberine encapsulated nanoparticles stimulate osteoblast differentiation in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-641
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Hong Minh ◽  
Tran Tuan Anh ◽  
Le Thi Thuy Duong ◽  
Nguyen Viet Linh ◽  
Nguyen Thi Mai Phuong
Keyword(s):  
Osteoblast Differentiation ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Spherical Shape ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Stimulate Osteoblast Differentiation

Berberine has been known as a traditional component for treatment of intestinal-related diseases in Asian countries. Additionally, it possesses a variety of pharmacological properties, which were studied for treating tumor, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, cerebral ischemia trauma, and mental disease. Moreover, berberine has been known as an anti-osteoporotic agent by controlling both osteoclast (bone resorption cells) and osteoblast (bone-forming cells) functions. Beside the beneficial effects of berberine, it has some drawbacks that hindered its applications and resulted in low bioavailability. One of the most drawback characteristics of berberine is that it has poor watery solubility. To overcome these limits, nanotechnology has been used as the primary approach to deliver berberine in different nano-formulations. In this study, a novel berberine nanoparticle (nanoberberine, NBB) with good water dispersion was synthesized to enhance its bioavailability. The result showed that NBB was successfully developed in spherical shape and approximately 559 nm of mean size. Besides, in vitro release study revealed that berberine content release from NBB was 3 to 4 times higher than that from free berberine. Moreover, no cytotoxicity was observed for both NBB and berberine on osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells at the tested concentrations. Additionally, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a marker for osteoblast differentiation process, was significantly higher in NBB compared to free berberine at the same test concentrations. This result indicated that NBB could be a potential biological agent for inducing bone formation. Overall, our data indicated that NBB could improve bioavailability, especially osteogenesis activity in vitro compared to free berberine.

Therapy and prevention for mental health: What if mental diseases are mostly not brain disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. A. Ioannidis
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Disease ◽  
Brain Disorders ◽  
Social Stressors ◽  
Labor Education ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Political Decisions

AbstractNeurobiology-based interventions for mental diseases and searches for useful biomarkers of treatment response have largely failed. Clinical trials should assess interventions related to environmental and social stressors, with long-term follow-up; social rather than biological endpoints; personalized outcomes; and suitable cluster, adaptive, and n-of-1 designs. Labor, education, financial, and other social/political decisions should be evaluated for their impacts on mental disease.

Nuclear receptors in disease: the oestrogen receptors

2004 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 157-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Nilsson ◽  
Karin Dahlman-Wright ◽  
Jan-Åke Gustafsson
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Receptor Subtype ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Oestrogen Receptors ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Family

For several decades, it has been known that oestrogens are essential for human health. The discovery that there are two oestrogen receptors (ERs), ERalpha and ERbeta, has facilitated our understanding of how the hormone exerts its physiological effects. The ERs belong to the family of ligand-activated nuclear receptors, which act by modulating the expression of target genes. Studies of ER-knockout (ERKO) mice have been instrumental in defining the relevance of a given receptor subtype in a certain tissue. Phenotypes displayed by ERKO mice suggest diseases in which dysfunctional ERs might be involved in aetiology and pathology. Association between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ER genes and disease have been demonstrated in several cases. Selective ER modulators (SERMs), which are selective with regard to their effects in a certain cell type, already exist. Since oestrogen has effects in many tissues, the goal with a SERM is to provide beneficial effects in one target tissue while avoiding side effects in others. Refined SERMs will, in the future, provide improved therapeutic strategies for existing and novel indications.

ACE2 as therapeutic agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (19) ◽  
pp. 2581-2595
Author(s):  
Qiuhong Li ◽  
Maria B. Grant ◽  
Elaine M. Richards ◽  
Mohan K. Raizada
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Overwhelming Evidence ◽  
Future Challenges

Abstract The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a critical regulator of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which plays important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating vascular tone, fluid and electrolyte balance. ACE2 functions as a carboxymonopeptidase hydrolyzing the cleavage of a single C-terminal residue from Angiotensin-II (Ang-II), the key peptide hormone of RAS, to form Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), which binds to the G-protein–coupled Mas receptor and activates signaling pathways that counteract the pathways activated by Ang-II. ACE2 is expressed in a variety of tissues and overwhelming evidence substantiates the beneficial effects of enhancing ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis under many pathological conditions in these tissues in experimental models. This review will provide a succinct overview on current strategies to enhance ACE2 as therapeutic agent, and discuss limitations and future challenges. ACE2 also has other functions, such as acting as a co-factor for amino acid transport and being exploited by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) as cellular entry receptor, the implications of these functions in development of ACE2-based therapeutics will also be discussed.

174 Early beneficial effects of vasopeptidase inhibtion n an experimental model of heart failure

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
B SHIVALKAR ◽  
B MEURIS ◽  
R VANBENEDEN ◽  
J KETESLEGERS ◽  
F BECKERS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Experimental Model ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Association of Vitamin D Status With Liver and Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials, and Cross-Sectional and Cohort Studies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mostafa Parizadeh ◽  
Majid Rezayi ◽  
Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani ◽  
Amir Avan ◽  
Hamideh Ghazizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Vitamin D Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Vitamin D Levels

Abstract. Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a major public health problem. There are few comprehensive systematic reviews about the relationship between Vitamin D status and liver and renal disease in Iran. Methods: We systemically searched the following databases: Web of Science; PubMed; Cochrane Library; Scopus; Science Direct; Google Scholar and two Iranian databases (Scientific Information Database (SID) and IranMedex) up until November 2017 to identify all randomized control trials (RCTs), case control, cross-sectional and cohort studies investigating the association between vitamin D and any form of liver or kidney disease. Results: Vitamin D insufficiency, or deficiency (VDD), is highly prevalent in Iran, reports varying between 44.4% in Isfahan to 98% in Gorgan. There is also a high prevalence of VDD among patients with liver or kidney disease, and the administration of vitamin D supplements may have beneficial effects on lipid profile, blood glucose, liver function and fatty liver disease, and bone health. Low serum vitamin D levels are related with abnormalities in these laboratory and clinical parameters. Conclusion: VDD is prevalent in patients with chronic liver or renal disease in Iran. There appear to be several beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation in vitamin D deficient patients with liver or kidney disease.

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