scholarly journals Middle-ear disease and schizophrenia: case–control study

2008 ◽  
Vol 193 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mason ◽  
Michael Rimmer ◽  
Anna Richman ◽  
Gagan Garg ◽  
Joe Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Temporal Lobes ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Ear Disease ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Schizophrenia Case ◽  
Control Study

BackgroundOne hundred years ago psychiatrists thought that ear disease could cause insanity by irritation of the brain. Current understanding of the role of the temporal lobes in schizophrenia and their proximity to the middle ear supports this hypothesis.AimsTo establish the rate of middle-ear disease pre-dating the onset of schizophrenia.MethodEighty-four patients with schizophrenia were each matched to four non-psychiatric controls by age, gender and season of birth. History of ear disease was obtained from general practice records. Additional information on symptoms was collected for participants in the case group, who also had audiometry.ResultsThe odds ratio of recorded middle-ear disease pre-dating schizophrenia was 3.68 (95% CI 1.86–7.28). This excess was particularly marked on the left (OR=4.15, 95% CI 2.08–8.29). Auditory hallucinations were associated with middle-ear disease but not with hearing loss.ConclusionsThere is an association between middle-ear disease and schizophrenia which may have aetiological significance.

scholarly journals LIPOPROTEIN(a) DAN KEBAHAYAAN SINDROM KORONER AKUT

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Ira Puspitawati ◽  
Setyawati Setyawati ◽  
Dyah Wulan Anggrahini ◽  
Diah Saraswati ◽  
Aisyah Ratna Yuniarti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Control Study

One of the risk factors of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) still controversial is Lipoprotein(a). Lp(a) is one of the lipid componentshighly homologous to plasminogen and which may compete with it in the fibrinolytic pathway and has an atherogenic effect. Prior to thestudy many variaties in results have been shown. These variations are related to different population and ethnics, thus, the researcherswere triggered to investigate the role of Lp(a) on the ACS in the Indonesian population. This case control study was conducted at theSardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia consisting of 40 participants in ACS as the case group and other 40 persons sufferingfrom Stable Angina Pectoris (SAP) as a control group. This study lasted from May−December 2011. The Lp(a) was measured usingturbidimetric immunoassay method while other laboratory results were obtained from the medical records. The results of this studyshowed that high Lp(a) level (more than 30 mg/dL) was the risk factor of ACS (RR=2.818, CI: 1.069–7.426). There was no difference ofthe baseline characteristics such as: the history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, as well as in other laboratory parameters suchas: lipid profile, hemoglobine and uric acid level in the case as well as the control group. Significant differences were found in leucocytenumber, creatinine and blood glucose level. The median level of those parameters was found higher in the case group.

scholarly journals Adenoidectomy for middle ear disease in cleft palate children: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilia Rosso ◽  
Antonio Mario Bulfamante ◽  
Carlotta Pipolo ◽  
Emanuela Fuccillo ◽  
Alberto Maccari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cleft Palate ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Velopharyngeal Insufficiency ◽  
Middle Ear Disease ◽  
Conductive Hearing

Abstract Purpose Cleft palate children have a higher incidence of otitis media with effusion, more frequent recurrent acute otitis media episodes, and worse conductive hearing losses than non-cleft children. Nevertheless, data on adenoidectomy for middle ear disease in this patient group are scarce, since many feared worsening of velopharyngeal insufficiency after the procedure. This review aims at collecting the available evidence on this subject, to frame possible further areas of research and interventions. Methods A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was performed. Multiple databases were searched with criteria designed to include all studies focusing on the role of adenoidectomy in treating middle ear disease in cleft palate children. After duplicate removal, abstract and full-text selection, and quality assessment, we reviewed eligible articles for clinical indications and outcomes. Results Among 321 unique citations, 3 studies published between 1964 and 1972 (2 case series and a retrospective cohort study) were deemed eligible, with 136 treated patients. The outcomes were positive in all three articles in terms of conductive hearing loss improvement, recurrent otitis media episodes reduction, and effusive otitis media resolution. Conclusion Despite promising results, research on adenoidectomy in treating middle ear disease in the cleft population has stopped in the mid-Seventies. No data are, therefore, available on the role of modern conservative adenoidectomy techniques (endoscopic and/or partial) in this context. Prospective studies are required to define the role of adenoidectomy in cleft children, most interestingly in specific subgroups such as patients requiring re-tympanostomy, given their known risk of otologic sequelae.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis Manifesting with Frontal Brain Edema

2001 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495
Author(s):  
Mário Emílio Teixeira Dourado Júnior ◽  
Ricardo Humberto de Miranda Félix ◽  
Marcos Dias Leão
Keyword(s):  
Dura Mater ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis ◽  
Falx Cerebri ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cerebral Parenchyma ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Introduction. Hypertrophic pachymeningitis (HP) is a rare inflammatory disease that results in thickening of the dura mater. Atypically, it can progress to include the involvement of the cerebral parenchyma. Method. In this paper, we report the rare case of a 31-year-old man with a three-week history of headaches, seizures, impairments of cognitive function, and changes in behavior and mood. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain showed a thickening and an abnormal enhancement of the dura mater over the falx cerebri with extensions into the adjacent cranial base and with brain edemas in the frontal lobes. Histopathological study of meningeal and brain biopsies showed an inflammatory process that was compatible with HP. The results of an extensive laboratory investigation were unremarkable and did not provide additional information on the cause of the meningeal disease. The patient exhibited relapses despite immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusion. This case shows the challenges associated with the management of the disease and the importance of early diagnosis to avoid worsening of the condition and cerebral damage.

The Effect of Crystal Dependence on Brain Activity Related to the Perception of Pleasure Using fMRI

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Yoonessi ◽  
Seyed Amir Hossein Batouli ◽  
Iman Ahmadnezhad ◽  
Hamid Soltanian-zadeh
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Control Study

Background: Addiction is currently one of the problems of human society. Drug abuse is one of the most important issues in the field of addiction. Methamphetamine (crystal) is one of the drugs that has been abused in recent decades. Methods: In this case-control study, 10 individuals aged 20 to 40 years old with at least 2 years of experience of methamphetamine consumption without any history of drug use or other stimulants from clients and drug withdrawal centers in Tehran City, and 10 healthy volunteers were selected. Age, social status, and economic status of addicts were included in the fMRI apparatus, and 90 selected pleasurable, non-pleasurable, and neutral images (IAPS) were displayed by the projector through an event-related method. The playback time of each photo was 3 s, and after this process, the person outside the device, without the time limit selected the enjoyable and unpleasant images. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, alcohol use, and smoking history (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in terms of the age at first use between members of the methamphetamine-dependent group. Also, the methamphetamine-dependent group showed more brain activity in their pre-center and post-center gyrus than the normal (control) group. Conclusions: According to the results obtained in this study, in general, it can be concluded that there are some areas in the brain of addicts that are activated when watching pleasant photos, while these areas are not active in the brains of normal people.

Prevalence of ADHD in children born by mothers consuming Frankincense during pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alimohammad Ranjbar ◽  
Elahe Kamali Ardakani ◽  
Rahele Zareshahi
Keyword(s):  
Data Gathering ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Dsm V ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Positive Effect

Aims: In Iranian culture, due to some narratives from the prophet Mohammad about the use of frankincense during pregnancy for increasing IQ in children, some women consume frankincense during expectancy. This study's goal is to evaluate the relationship between frankincense used during pregnancy and the incidence of ADHD. Methods: In this study, the case group comprised children 4-17 years old referring to Shahid Chamran Pharmacy in Yazd from summer to winter 2018 for receiving Methylphenidate, those with whom a psychologist had identified ADHD based on DSM-V factors.  The control group included children of the same age group but without ADHD. For data gathering, a checklist was used with some questions on smoking, family history of ADHD, presence/absence of a specific disease during pregnancy, frankincense used during pregnancy, and a chemical medication consumed during pregnancy. Results: The main result demonstrated that the children whose mothers used frankincense during pregnancy were 0.67 times less likely to be affected by ADHD than those whose mothers did not use this substance. However, the difference failed to be statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: Some studies report that frankincense can bear a positive effect on the development of the brain and possibly adequate formation of dendrites trees, axons and induce proper communication between them, so the impact of frankincense on the brain may be justified by its protective effect against the hyperactive child.

scholarly journals Low Iron Level is related to Telogen Effluvium in Women

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Manjurul Karim ◽  
Md Abdul Wahab ◽  
Lubna Khondoker ◽  
Md Shirajul Islam Khan
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Iron Level ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Medical University ◽  
Control Study

A case-control study conducted in the Department of Dermatology and Venereology of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from July 2008- December 2010. A total 60 female patients of telogen effluvium attending in outpatient department (OPD) were enrolled in the study with 30 having hair loss considered as case (Group-A) and another 30 females had no history of hair loss were considered as control (Group-B). The study included 60 patients and the mean age were 25.4±7 years ranging from 18 to 42 years in group A and 24.8±5.6 years ranging from 17 to 36 years in group B. Maximum number was found in the age group of 21- 30 years in both groups and nearly three fourth (73.4%) patients were unmarried in group A and 18(60.0%) in group B. Most of the patients were student in both groups, which were 21(70.0%) and 17(56.7%) in group A and group B respectively and majority of the the patients were HSC level in both groups, 15(50.0%) and 14(46.7%) in Group A and Group B respectively. Most of the patients came from middle class, which were 20(66.7%) and 16(53.3%) in group A and group B respectively. The mean serum ferritin were 18.8±8.1 g/L ranging from 4.5 to 36.54 g/L and 36.6±9.9 mg/L ranging from 18.46 to 56.3 mg/ L in group A and group B respectively. The mean Hb level was 11.5±1.4 gm/dl ranging from 8.5 to 14.0 gm/dl in group A and 12.8±1.1 gm/dl ranging from 10.5 to 14.5 gm/dl in group B. The mean difference of Hb level was statistically significant (p<0.05) between two groups in unpaired t-test. It can be concluded that low iron level is associated with telogen effluvium in women. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmed.v21i2.13617 Bangladesh J Medicine 2010; 21: 84-89

Multiple sclerosis and solar exposure before the age of 15 years: case—control study in Cuba, Martinique and Sicily

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 899-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Dalmay ◽  
D. Bhalla ◽  
A. Nicoletti ◽  
JA Cabrera-Gomez ◽  
P. Cabre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Sun Exposure ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Solar Exposure ◽  
History Of ◽  
Water Sports ◽  
Control Study

Few studies report a protective role of childhood solar exposure to multiple sclerosis. Our objective was to confirm the protective role of childhood solar exposure in multiple sclerosis in Cuba, Martinique and Sicily. This was a matched case— control study, and cases met Poser criteria for clinically, laboratory (definite, probable) multiple sclerosis. Controls were resident population, without neurological disorder, living close to cases (within 100 km), matched for sex, age (±5 years), residence before age 15. We recruited 551 subjects during a 1-year period (193 cases, Cuba n = 95, Sicily n = 50, Martinique n = 48; 358 controls). Some (89%) met definite clinical multiple sclerosis criteria (relapsing remitting form (with and without sequel) (74%), secondary progressive (21%), primary progressive (5%)). Odds ratios in a uni-variate analysis were: family history of multiple sclerosis (5.1) and autoimmune disorder (4.0); wearing shirt (3.5), hat (2.7), pants (2.4); sun exposure causing sunburn (1.8); sun exposure duration (1 h more/day; weekends 0.91, weekdays 0.86); bare-chested (0.6); water sports (0.2). Independent factors in the multivariate analysis were family history of multiple sclerosis (4.8 (1.50—15.10)), wearing pants under sunlight (1.9 (1.10—3.20)), sun exposure duration (1 h more/ day, weekdays 0.90 (0.85—0.98), weekends 0.93 (0.87—0.99)), water sports (0.23 (0.13—0.40)). We conclude that outdoor leisure activities in addition to sun exposure reports are associated with a reduced multiple sclerosis risk, with evidence of dose response.

Advances in Radiosurgery for Arteriovenous Malformations of the Brain

Neurosurgery ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S50-S59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin A. Rubin ◽  
Andrew Brunswick ◽  
Howard Riina ◽  
Douglas Kondziolka
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Stereotactic Radiosurgery ◽  
Endovascular Therapy ◽  
Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Management Algorithms

Abstract Arteriovenous malformations of the brain are a considerable source of morbidity and mortality for patients who harbor them. Although our understanding of this disease has improved, it remains in evolution. Advances in our ability to treat these malformations and the modes by which we address them have also improved substantially. However, the variety of patient clinical and disease scenarios often leads us into challenging and complex management algorithms as we balance the risks of treatment against the natural history of the disease. The goal of this article is to provide a focused review of the natural history of cerebral arteriovenous malformations, to examine the role of stereotactic radiosurgery, to discuss the role of endovascular therapy as it relates to stereotactic radiosurgery, and to look toward future advances.

scholarly journals Eustachian tube opening measured by sonotubometry is poorer in adults with a history of past middle ear disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam S. Teixeira ◽  
Juliane Banks ◽  
J. Douglas Swarts ◽  
Cuneyt M. Alper ◽  
William J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Ear Disease

Eustachian Tube Ventilatory Function in Children

1976 ◽  
Vol 85 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erdem I. Cantekin ◽  
Charles D. Bluestone ◽  
Leon P. Parkin
Keyword(s):  
Tympanic Membrane ◽  
Eustachian Tube ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Response Characteristic ◽  
Ventilatory Function ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Tympanostomy Tubes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Middle Ear Disease

In order to establish a simple stimulus-response characteristic of Eustachian tube physiology in children, the tubal ventilatory function was studied. The parameters of active and passive opening of the tube were measured for three groups of patients with non-intact tympanic membranes. The group with traumatic perforations of the tympanic membrane without any history of middle ear disease had better active equilibration function than the group with chronic otitis media and perforations of the tympanic membrane and the group with tympanostomy tubes in the tympanic membrane. Quantitatively, this could be expressed in terms of residual positive pressures. In the study of repeated inflation of the middle ear, all groups had lower second opening pressures which are attributed to the effect of surface forces.

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