scholarly journals International Socioeconomic Predictors of Colon and Rectal Cancer Mortality: Is Colorectal Cancer a First World Problem?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1659-1667
Author(s):  
Christina L. Cui ◽  
Anna M. Dornisch ◽  
Anya E. Umlauf ◽  
Raphael E. Cuomo ◽  
James D. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
International Health ◽  
Physician Density ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Colon And Rectal Cancer ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of international morbidity and is the second highest cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between international health care spending on CRC mortality over time. METHODS This is a retrospective study using a publicly available data from the WHO Global Health Observatory database. General estimating equations were used to analyze the relationship between total health care expenditure per capita (THEpc) and CRC mortality at the country level. The primary predictors of interest were quartiles of THEpc. Other exposure variables included gross domestic product per capita (GDPpc), smoking (% of adult population smoking), physician density (per 10,000), and time. RESULTS Mortality decreased significantly from 2000 to 2016 (coefficient [95% CI], −2.2 [−3.3 to −1.1]; P < .001). THEpc, GDPpc, time, and percentage of adult population smoking were significant predictors of CRC mortality. Patients in the top two quartiles of THEpc had 3% higher rates of CRC mortality compared with countries in Q1 THEpc (Q3: 3.4 [1.9-4.8], P < .001; Q4: 3.2 [1.4-5.0], P = .001). Similar trends were seen in GDPpc (Q4: 3.2 [1.4-5.0], P = .001; Q3: 3.4 [1.9-4.8], P < .001; Q2: 1.7 [0.7-2.6], P < .001; Q1: reference). CONCLUSION Overall, mortality decreased significantly over the study period. Countries with higher health expenditures and higher gross domestic products experienced higher rates of CRC mortality. Further research will be necessary to determine the cause for this, but we postulate that it may be a result of more robust diagnostic and follow-up methods in countries with more resources.

scholarly journals Health Care Expenditure and GDP in African Countries: Evidence from Semiparametric Estimation with Panel Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhike Lv ◽  
Huiming Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

A large body of literature studies on the relationship between health care expenditure (HCE) and GDP have been analyzed using data intensively from developed countries, but little is known for other regions. This paper considers a semiparametric panel data analysis for the study of the relationship between per capita HCE and per capita GDP for 42 African countries over the period 1995–2009. We found that infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births has a negative effect on per capita HCE, while the proportion of the population aged 65 is statistically insignificant in African countries. Furthermore, we found that the income elasticity is not constant but varies with income level, and health care is a necessity rather than a luxury for African countries.

scholarly journals Progress against inequalities in mortality: register-based study of 15 European countries between 1990 and 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 1131-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan P. Mackenbach ◽  
José Rubio Valverde ◽  
Matthias Bopp ◽  
Henrik Brønnum-Hansen ◽  
Giuseppe Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
Inequalities In Mortality

AbstractSocioeconomic inequalities in mortality are a challenge for public health around the world, but appear to be resistant to policy-making. We aimed to identify European countries which have been more successful than others in narrowing inequalities in mortality, and the factors associated with narrowing inequalities. We collected and harmonised mortality data by educational level in 15 European countries over the last 25 years, and quantified changes in inequalities in mortality using a range of measures capturing different perspectives on inequality (e.g., ‘relative’ and ‘absolute’ inequalities, inequalities in ‘attainment’ and ‘shortfall’). We determined which causes of death contributed to narrowing of inequalities, and conducted country- and period-fixed effects analyses to assess which country-level factors were associated with narrowing of inequalities in mortality. Mortality among the low educated has declined rapidly in all European countries, and a narrowing of absolute, but not relative inequalities was seen in many countries. Best performers were Austria, Italy (Turin) and Switzerland among men, and Spain (Barcelona), England and Wales, and Austria among women. Ischemic heart disease, smoking-related causes (men) and amenable causes often contributed to narrowing inequalities. Trends in income inequality, level of democracy and smoking were associated with widening inequalities, but rising health care expenditure was associated with narrowing inequalities. Trends in inequalities in mortality have not been as unfavourable as often claimed. Our results suggest that health care expansion has counteracted the inequalities widening effect of other influences.

Alternde Bevölkerung und Gesundheitsausgaben / Ageing Population and Health Care Expenditure

2007 ◽  
Vol 227 (5-6) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Age Structure ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Demographic Process ◽  
Time To Death ◽  
Per Capita

SummaryRelevant publications discuss the relation between the demographic process and per-capita health care expenditures (HCE) in a controversial manner. This concerns theory as well as the results of empirical research. Therefore, this paper discusses the influence of an ageing population on HCE in a theoretical framework. It breaks down HCE into three components: time-to-death, morbidity and age structure. The components are analysed theoretically and the results are contrasted with the results of empirical surveys. The paper closes with a discussion whether to include costs of dying and changing morbidity explicitly into forecasting future HCE or not.

EXPENDITURE ON DRUGS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 622-622
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Pharmaceutical Expenditure ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Rapid Rate ◽  
Total Health Expenditure ◽  
The Past ◽  
Total Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Per Capita

In developed countries, generally 5% to 8% of GNP is spent on health care; during the past decade, health care expenditure has increased at a more rapid rate than GNP. Expenditure on pharmaceuticals represents 10% to 20% of the total health expenditure. In developing countries, figures vary widely but the pharmaceutical expenditure per capita per year may be below one U.S. dollar and may be as high as 50% of the total health care expenditure....

scholarly journals Is it Possible to Buy Longevity: the Relationship between Health-Care Expenditures and Life Expectancy

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-117
Author(s):  
Polina Karelina ◽  
Ekaterina Ivanova ◽  
Ekaterina Cherkasova
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Hypotheses Testing ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Relationship

The task of this article is to assess the effect of the health-care expenditures per capita on the life expectancy (LE). This paper hypothesizes that health-care expenditures lead to an increase in the life expectancy and that they affect LE in different ways depending on sex and age. For hypotheses testing the panel 6-year-data for 183 countries are used. Based on these data the authors build econometrical model, considering LE as a dependent variable. Other factors influencing LE are included as control variables, all independent variables are with taken with a 10-year lag. The hypotheses are partially confirmed. All other things being equal, health-care expenditures actually lead to an increase in the LE, but only for developing countries. The second hypothesis is also not fully confirmed: LE at old age is more quantitatively dependent on health-care expenditures then LE at birth is, however strong differences for men and women were not revealed.

scholarly journals Causality between Economic Growth and Health Expenditure: A time series analysis from 1996 till 2017 in Albania

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
World Health ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Per Capita

-Evidence shows that human capital is a leading driver and one of the most important factors affecting economic development. Economic growth models emphasize the effect that human capital has on the growth and prosperity of a country. The indicators used to measure human capital vary. In this article we will use total health expenditure as a measure for human capital. A healthier population will obviously lead to increased productivity and consequently a higher income for the individual. By increasing public health investments, the workforce will potentially be healthier and consequently human productivity will increase. One of the most important lessons to be learned from the coronavirus pandemic is the importance of investments in health care services, human resources and technical infrastructure for the economy. The aim of this article is to study the relationship between Health Care Expenditure (HCE) per capita and Gross Domestic Product GDP per capita in Albania. The data (in $) is taken from the World Health Organization website, for the time period 1996-2017. The methods used are the ARDL Bounds testing approach for co-integration and the Granger causality test. The main results are: the variables per capita GDP and per capita HCE are not cointegrated. The ARDL(1,1) model estimation points out the positive relationship between the two variables. Also, our study confirms the existence of joint causality between per capita GDP and per capita HCE.

scholarly journals Cluster analysis of differences in medical economic burden among residents of different economic levels in Guangdong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialong Chen ◽  
Liuna Yang ◽  
Zhenzhu Qian ◽  
Mingwei Sun ◽  
Honglin Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Economic Burden ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Per Capita

Abstract Background This study compares and analyzes the differences of residents’ medical economic burden in different economic levels, explores the factors for improving the equity of health services in Guangdong, China. Methods Cluster analysis was carried out in 20 cities of Guangdong Province by taking 7 key factors on the equity of health services as indicators. Seven key factors were collected from Guangdong Statistical Yearbook 2017 and the Sixth National Population Census. R-type clustering was used to reduce the dimensionality of 7 candidate variables through similarity index. Q-type clustering was used to classify 20 cities in Guangdong Province. Results The cluster analysis divided Guangdong Province into three regions with different medical economic burden. The greater the proportion of the elderly over 65 years old, the greater the proportion of health care expenditure to per capita consumer expenditure of residents, and the heavier the medical economic burden. On average, 10.75% of the general budget expenditure of each city in Guangdong Province is spent on health care. Conclusions The lower per capita GDP, the higher proportion of the elderly over 65 years old and the lack of medical technicians are risk factors for the heavier medical burden of the residents and the fairness of health services. While increasing the health expenditure, the government needs to further complete the reform of the medical and health system, improve the efficiency of the medical system and curb the rapid rise of absolute health expenditures of individuals, which can reduce the economic burden of residents’ medical care.

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