Open production systems: Status and future challenges

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
B. Myrseth
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Open Production

scholarly journals The Italian Wine Sector: Evolution, Structure, Competitiveness and Future Challenges of an Enduring Leader

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugenio Pomarici ◽  
Alessandro Corsi ◽  
Simonetta Mazzarino ◽  
Roberta Sardone
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Italian Wine ◽  
Diamond Model ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Wine Sector ◽  
European Policies ◽  
Average Size

AbstractThe Italian wine supply chain has performed well in recent decades both in terms of profitability and success on the domestic and international markets. This is despite the fact that it is fragmented in terms of products, prices and consumption context, and, in particular, despite the fact that it is characterised by an organisation that hinders the full exploitation of economies of scale. This paradox has not been investigated in literature. We propose several elements in support of the hypothesis that the Italian wine sector’s success is linked to favourable elements of the Porter Diamond Model (5 out of 6) but also to the “district” nature of a large part of the sector. The presence of numerous networks, some of which are formal and others informal, gives most Italian local production systems specialising in grapes and wine the characteristics of industrial districts, due to the local social capital that is stratified there. These networks include operators such as Cooperatives and Consorzi di Tutela, upstream and downstream industries and services, tourism, research and educational bodies. Such networks can overcome the weakness represented by the low concentration and small average size of the operators. To support this hypothesis, we analyse the historical evolution of the sector and its drivers, the structural features of the different phases of the wine chain (grape growing, winemaking, bottling and distribution), the market relationships within the chain and the national and European policies favouring the sector. This analysis also underlines the differences between the Italian sector and its competitors from the Old and New World.

Principles of integrated agricultural systems: Introduction to processes and definition

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Hendrickson ◽  
J.D. Hanson ◽  
Donald L. Tanaka ◽  
Gretchen Sassenrath
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
World Population ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Hierarchical Systems ◽  
Management Philosophy ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Systems Framework ◽  
Integrated Agricultural Systems

AbstractAgriculture has been very successful in addressing the food and fiber needs of today's world population. However, there are increasing concerns about the economic, environmental and social costs of this success. Integrated agricultural systems may provide a means to address these concerns while increasing sustainability. This paper reviews the potential for and challenges to integrated agricultural systems, evaluates different agricultural systems in a hierarchical systems framework, and provides definitions and examples for each of the systems. This paper also describes the concept of dynamic-integrated agricultural systems and calls for the development of principles to use in developing and researching integrated agricultural systems. The concepts in this paper have arisen from the first in a series of planned workshops to organize common principles, criteria and indicators across physiographic regions in integrated agricultural systems. Integrated agricultural systems have multiple enterprises that interact in space and time, resulting in a synergistic resource transfer among enterprises. Dynamic-integrated agricultural systems have multiple enterprises managed in a dynamic manner. The key difference between dynamic-integrated agricultural systems and integrated agricultural systems is in management philosophy. In an integrated agricultural system, management decisions, such as type and amount of commodities to produce, are predetermined. In a dynamic-integrated system, decisions are made at the most opportune time using the best available knowledge. We developed a hierarchical scheme for agricultural systems ranging from basic agricultural production systems, which are the simplest system with no resource flow between enterprises, to dynamic-integrated agricultural systems. As agricultural systems move up in the hierarchy, their complexity, amount of management needed, and sustainability also increases. A key aspect of sustainability is the ability to adapt to future challenges. We argue that sustainable systems need built-in flexibility to achieve this goal.

Commercial equine production in New Zealand. 2. Growth and development of the equine athlete

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (18) ◽  
pp. 2155
Author(s):  
Chris W. Rogers ◽  
Erica K. Gee ◽  
Charlotte F. Bolwell ◽  
Sarah M. Rosanowski
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Commercial Farms

During the past 20 years, there has been a contraction in the New Zealand Thoroughbred industry and, to a lesser extent, within the Standardbred industry. These changes have seen an increasing proportion of the market being associated with fewer larger commercial farms. Many of these farms manage their own mares, and the mares and foals of several clients. This, in turn, has increased the similarity of the management of breeding and young stock within New Zealand. The temperate climate allows the majority of the management of breeding and young stock to be pasture based. The predominant pasture is ryegrass–clover mix that has been demonstrated to provide adequate nutrition for growth and development. The temperate climate also permits management of horses at pasture year round, which is proposed to stimulate development of the musculoskeletal system. Apart from a brief period during weaning, most young stock remain at pasture from birth until the start of yearling preparation. Free access to pasture exercise provides the opportunity to stimulate the musculoskeletal system for the future challenges as a racehorse. The export focus of many of the equine industries heavily influences the management decisions. Despite the availability of good-quality pasture post-weaning, many foals receive up to 50% of the daily dietary energy requirement as concentrates, possibly reflecting the emphasis on early sales as yearlings and the drive to optimise growth. The observations of drench resistance of common internal parasites presents an emerging problem for pasture-based production systems. A large proportion of the Thoroughbred foal crop is exported as yearlings or ready to run 2-year-olds. There is an increasing trend for Standardbreds to be sold as yearlings and this has resulted in changes in the management of Standardbred young stock.

Nutritional research to meet future challenges

2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. Poppi ◽  
S. R. McLennan
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Ecology ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
Fibre Production ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Animal Management ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Weight For Age

Nutrition is a mature science with well established principles for energy, protein and mineral metabolism based on known metabolic pathways. The quantitative requirements are summarised within various international feeding standards and models. However, when these are applied to specific circumstances, especially in northern Australia, the response of the animal to nutrient supply does not always agree with that predicted from the feeding standards or the error of prediction is not sufficiently accurate for practical use. There is a need for the continual testing of these relationships within production systems. Molecular methods have the potential to discover new metabolic relationships within tissues and characterise the microbial ecology and its relationship to rumen function. Suitable problem models based on growth, meat quality, reproduction, milk and fibre production, and environmental consequences need to be identified. We suggest that production systems designed to meet market weight for age specifications, growth paths and compensatory growth, skeletal growth, parasites, fatty acid isomers, adaptation to low crude protein diets, rumen microbial ecology, epigenetics, remote data acquisition and animal management, greenhouse gas emission, and C balance of various production systems are important problem models, the research of which will benefit the future of the livestock industries in Australia.

scholarly journals INDUSTRY 4.0:SOCIAL CHALLENGES AND RISKS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 100-105
Author(s):  
Gilberto Marzano ◽  
Luis Ochoa Siguencia
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Automated System ◽  
German Industry ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Human Operators ◽  
Automated Processes

Industry 4.0 is a term first introduced by the German government during the Hannover Messe fair in 2011 when it launched an initiative to support German industry in tackling future challenges. It refers to the 4th industrial revolution in which disruptive digital technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Everything (IoE), robotics, virtual reality (VR), and artificial intelligence (AI), are impacting industrial production.The new industrial paradigms of Industry 4.0 demand a socio-technical evolution of the human role in production systems, in which all working activities of the value chain will be performed with smart approaches.However, the automation of processes can have unpredictable effects.Nowadays, in a smart factory, the role of human operators is often only to control and supervise the automated processes. This new condition of workers brought forth a paradox: malfunctions or irregularities in the automated production process are rare but challenging.This article discusses the challenges and risks that the 4th industrial revolution is bringing to society.It introduces the concept of the Irony of Automation. This propounds that the more reliable an automated system, the less human operators have to do and, consequently, the less attention they pay to the system while it is operating.The authors go on to discuss the human-centered approach to automation, whose purpose is not necessarily to automate previously manual functions but, rather, to enhance user effectiveness and reduce errors. 

scholarly journals Characteristics and challenges of the modern Belgian veal industry

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Pardon ◽  
B. Catry ◽  
R. Boone ◽  
H. Theys ◽  
K. De Bleecker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Legal Limits ◽  
Short Notice ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Zoonotic Bacteria ◽  
Specific Diet ◽  
Minimum Quality

In this paper, the modern Belgian veal industry is situated in a European context, and an overview is provided of the major past, present and future challenges for veal production. The production of white veal requires a specific diet and housing conditions to assure a controlled iron anemic state resulting in pale carcasses. In response to the increasing public concern about animal welfare, legal limits for hemoglobin (in 1990), the provision of a minimum quality of solid feed to assure ruminal health and group housing from the age of eight weeks on (in 2007), have been implemented sector-wide. The integrated structure of the sector likely made it possible to realize these radical changes at relatively short notice. Despite the pioneers role the veal industry played in the development of quality labels for food safety and all efforts made towards improved nutrition and housing, the veal production remains highly liable to public criticism on welfare issues. Nowadays, especially the intensive antimicrobial use in relation to high levels of antimicrobial resistance in commensal, pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria in veal calves is strongly criticized. The future challenge lies in the development of veal production systems, which require only few antibiotics, but safeguard animal welfare and revenue.

Towards a Redefinition of the Food Security Concept in the Light of Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 283-293
Author(s):  
Monika Adamczak-Retecka ◽  
Olga Śniadach
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Access To Food ◽  
Physical Access

Abstract In recent years climate change and its impacts have become a separate field of inquiry. Climate-related risks to food security, water supply, biodiversity and human health are expected to increase with further global warming. The purpose of this study is to show how the definition of food security in particular has changed in times of climate change. It is a multidimensional phenomenon that has no legal definition so far. Associated mainly with physical access to food, food security was identified as a global problem by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1975 at the Word Food Conference. At the European Union level, food security is strictly connected with the Common Agriculture Policy. One of the new aims of that policy is to make agriculture more sustainable and responsive to current and future challenges, including climate variability. There is the dual challenge of both adapting production systems to new conditions and reducing greenhouse gases produced by agriculture.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Effects on Livestock Production: A One Welfare Issue

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy N. Marchant-Forde ◽  
Laura A. Boyle
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
The United States ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Carcass Disposal ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Processing Plants ◽  
The Face ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
On Farm

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights that we exist in a global community. From a single city, it spread to 188 countries across the world and infected 30 million people by September 18, 2020. Decades of modeling pandemics predicted potential consequences, but COVID-19's impact on the food supply chain, and specifically livestock production was unexpected. Clusters of cases among workers in meat processing plants evolved quickly to affect human, animal, and environmental welfare in several countries. In processing plants, the hygiene focus is on product quality and food safety. Because of their close proximity to one another, COVID-19 spread rapidly between workers and the lack of sick leave and health insurance likely resulted in workers continuing to work when infectious. In the United States (U.S.) many processing plants shut down when they identified major outbreaks, putting pressure especially on pig and poultry industries. At one point, there was a 45% reduction in pig processing capacity meaning about 250,000 pigs per day were not slaughtered. This resulted in longer transport distances to plants in operation with extra capacity, but also to crowding of animals on farm. Producers were encouraged to slow growth rates, but some had to cull animals on farm in ways that likely included suffering and caused considerable upset to owners and workers. Carcass disposal was also associated with potential biosecurity risks and detrimental effects on the environment. Hence, this is a One Welfare issue, affecting human, animal, and environmental welfare and highlighting the fragility of intensive, high-throughput livestock production systems. This model needs to be re-shaped to include the animal, human, and environmental elements across the farm to fork chain. Such a One Welfare approach will ensure that food production systems are resilient, flexible, and fair in the face of future challenges.

scholarly journals Agents enabling cyber-physical production systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Birgit Vogel-Heuser ◽  
Jay Lee ◽  
Paulo Leitão
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Industrie 4.0 ◽  
Enabling Technology ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Open Research ◽  
Exchange Information ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Cyber Physical Production Systems

AbstractIn order to be prepared for future challenges facing the industrial production domain, Cyber-Physical Production Systems (CPPS) consisting of intelligent entities which collaborate and exchange information globally are being proclaimed recently as part of Industrie 4.0. In this article the requirements of CPPS and abilities of agents as enabling technology are discussed. The applicability of agents for realizing CPPS is exemplarily shown based on three selected use cases with different requirements regarding real-time and dependability. The paper finally concludes with opportunities and open research issues that need to be faced in order to achieve agent-based CPPSs.

Open Production: A New Broker-Based Approach to Interactive Value Creation and User Manufacturing

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Redlich ◽  
Franz-Ludwig Bruhns
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Mass Customization ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Business Strategies ◽  
Web Integration ◽  
Open Production ◽  
New Form ◽  
The Right

Business strategies and organization are subject to a permanent adjustment due to the discontinuity of the markets. Mass production, in particular, and a focus on tayloristic principles, in general, no longer seem to be the right choice within this context. Rather, the increasing importance of customization and the transition to an information-based economy leads to the question whether the currently enshrined distinction between producer and consumer is still appropriate. The authors of this paper assume that the key to dealing with complex economic turbulences can be found in the implementation of a new form of coordination, in which the strict separation between producer and consumer is repealed. That requires changeability at all levels of production systems as it is inherent to the approach of “Open Production” that will be introduced with this paper. While Open Production encompasses recent concepts like “Open Innovation”, “Mass Customization”, and “e-Manufacturing”, the three “pillars” of Open Production are openness, individualization and web integration. Additionally it implies a superior broker system that coordinates the information and material flows between the stakeholders of open production. This represents a completely new, but profoundly changeable form of coordination integrating the customers into production directly, where as the previously static separation into a customer and a corporate domain and the division of labor and competence is dissolved.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document