scholarly journals Arterial Wall Inflammation and Increased Hematopoietic Activity in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism

2019 ◽  
Vol 105 (5) ◽  
pp. e1967-e1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte D C C van der Heijden ◽  
Esther M M Smeets ◽  
Erik H J G Aarntzen ◽  
Marlies P Noz ◽  
Houshang Monajemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Primary Aldosteronism ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bone Marrow Uptake ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
18F Fdg

Abstract Context Primary aldosteronism (PA) confers an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), independent of blood pressure. Animal models have shown that aldosterone accelerates atherosclerosis through proinflammatory changes in innate immune cells; human data are scarce. Objective The objective of this article is to explore whether patients with PA have increased arterial wall inflammation, systemic inflammation, and reprogramming of monocytes. Design A cross-sectional cohort study compared vascular inflammation on 2’-deoxy-2’-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose; (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography–computed tomography, systemic inflammation, and monocyte phenotypes and transcriptome between PA patients and controls. Setting This study took place at Radboudumc and Rijnstate Hospital, the Netherlands. Patients Fifteen patients with PA and 15 age-, sex-, and blood pressure-matched controls with essential hypertension (EHT) participated. Main Outcome Measures and Results PA patients displayed a higher arterial 18F-FDG uptake in the descending and abdominal aorta (P < .01, P < .05) and carotid and iliac arteries (both P < .01). In addition, bone marrow uptake was higher in PA patients (P < .05). Although PA patients had a higher monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (P < .05), systemic inflammatory markers, cytokine production capacity, and transcriptome of circulating monocytes did not differ. Monocyte-derived macrophages from PA patients expressed more TNFA; monocyte-derived macrophages of healthy donors cultured in PA serum displayed increased interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α production. Conclusions Because increased arterial wall inflammation is associated with accelerated atherogenesis and unstable plaques, this might importantly contribute to the increased CVD risk in PA patients. We did not observe inflammatory reprogramming of circulating monocytes. However, subtle inflammatory changes are present in the peripheral blood cell composition and monocyte transcriptome of PA patients, and in their monocyte-derived macrophages. Most likely, arterial inflammation in PA requires interaction between various cell types.

scholarly journals Shift Work Including Night Work and Long Working Hours in Industrial Plants Increases the Risk of Atherosclerosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marit Skogstad ◽  
Asgeir Mamen ◽  
Lars-Kristian Lunde ◽  
Bente Ulvestad ◽  
Dagfinn Matre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Bicycle Ergometry ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Industrial Plants ◽  
Increased Risk

There is an abundance of literature reporting an association between shift work and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Few studies have examined early manifestation of CVD using advanced modern methodology. We established a group of 65 shift workers and 29 day workers (controls) in two industrial plants. For the shift workers, the shift schedule includes rotating shifts with day, evening and nightshifts, some day and nightshifts lasting for 12 h. The current paper describes cross-sectional data in a study running for three years. We collected background data by questionnaire and measured blood pressure, heart rate, lipids, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and C-reactive protein (CRP). We examined arterial stiffness (central blood pressure, augmentation pressure and index, and pulse wave velocity) by the use of SphygmoCor® (AtCor Medical Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia) and the carotid arteries by ultrasound. We assessed VO2max by bicycle ergometry. We applied linear and logistic regression to evaluate associations between total number of years in shift work and cardiovascular outcome measures. The day workers were older and had more pronounced arterial stiffness compared to the shift workers. Number of years as a shift worker was associated with increased carotid intima media thickness (max IMT) (B = 0.015, p = 0.009) and an elevated CRP (B = 0.06, p = 0.03). Within the normal range for this age group, VO2max was 41 (9) ml/kg/min. Rotating shift work including day and night shifts lasting up to 12 h and evening shifts are associated with CVD-risk factors. This could imply an increased risk for coronary heart disease and stroke among these workers. Therefore, preventive measures should be considered for these groups of workers in order to prevent such diseases.

Abstract 064: Prevalence, Risk Factors And Cardiovascular Outcomes Associated With Persistent Blood Pressure Control: The Jackson Heart Study

Circulation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel S Tajeu ◽  
Calvin Colvin ◽  
Shakia T Hardy ◽  
Bamba Gaye ◽  
Adam P Bress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
African American ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Jackson Heart Study ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Visit ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Increased Risk

Introduction: Cross-sectional studies have reported the proportion of African-American adults with controlled blood pressure (BP) at a single time point, but few data are available on the proportion that maintains controlled BP over time and the extent to which it is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods: We analyzed data from 1,414 African-American Jackson Heart Study (JHS) participants taking antihypertensive medication to estimate the proportion with persistent BP control, defined by having controlled BP at the three JHS visits, conducted over a median of 8 years. At each visit, BP control was defined as systolic BP <140 mm Hg and diastolic BP <90 mm Hg. Follow-up for CVD events began after the third visit. We calculated risk ratios (RR) for factors associated with persistent BP control and hazard ratios (HR) for incident CVD events among participants with versus without persistent BP control. Results: At baseline, 76.5% (n=1,081) of participants had controlled BP, among which 64.4% (n=696) had persistent BP control. Overall, 49.2% (n=696) of participants had persistent BP control. After adjustment for sex, participants ≥65 compared with <65 years of age were less likely (RR; 95% CI) to have persistent BP control (0.73; 0.64 - 0.83). After age and sex adjustment, participants were more likely to have persistent BP control if they had income ≥$25,000 a year at each study visit (1.25; 1.11 - 1.40), a high school education (1.20; 1.01 - 1.41) and health insurance (1.28; 1.05 - 1.57) at Visit 1, and visited a health professional in the past year at each study visit (1.21; 1.07 - 1.37). The multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) comparing participants with versus without persistent BP control was 0.71 (0.45 - 1.14) for CVD, 0.85 (0.41 - 1.79) for coronary heart disease, 0.68 (0.28 - 1.64) for stroke, and 0.57 (0.33 - 0.98) for heart failure (HF) ( Table ). Conclusions: Less than half of JHS participants taking antihypertensive medication had persistent BP control, putting them at increased risk for CVD, particularly HF.

scholarly journals Serum alanine aminotransferase activity and risk factors for cardiovascular disease in a Caucasian population: the Tromsø study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svein Ivar Bekkelund
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
Glycated Haemoglobin ◽  
Caucasian Population ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Serum Alanine Aminotransferase

Abstract Background High and low levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are both associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risks especially in elderly, but the mechanisms are less known. This study investigated associations between ALT and CVD risk factors including effects of sex and age in a Caucasian population. Methods Cross-sectional data were analysed sex-stratified in 2555 men (mean age 60.4 years) and 2858 women (mean age 60.0 years) from the population study Tromsø 6. Associations were assessed by variance analysis and multivariable logistic regression of odds to have abnormal ALT. Risk factors included body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip-ratio, blood pressure, lipids, glucose, glycated haemoglobin and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (CRP). Results Abnormal elevated ALT was detected in 113 men (4.4%) and 188 women (6.6%). Most CVD risk factors associated positively with ALT in both sexes except systolic blood pressure and CRP (women only), while ALT was positively associated with age in men when adjusted for CVD risk factors, P < 0.001. BMI predicted ALT in men (OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.88–1.00, P = 0.047) and women (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.86–0.95, P < 0.001). A linear inversed association between age and ALT in men and a non-linear inversed U-trend in women with maximum level between 60 and 64 years were found. Conclusion This study confirms a positive relationship between ALT and CVD risk factors, particularly BMI. Age is not a major confounder in the ALT-CVD relationship, but separate sex-analyses is recommended in such studies.

scholarly journals Biomarker-estimated flavan-3-ol intake is associated with lower blood pressure in cross-sectional analysis in EPIC Norfolk

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier I. Ottaviani ◽  
Abigail Britten ◽  
Debora Lucarelli ◽  
Robert Luben ◽  
Angela A. Mulligan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Lower Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Salt Reduction

Abstract Flavan-3-ols are a group of bioactive compounds that have been shown to improve vascular function in intervention studies. They are therefore of great interest for the development of dietary recommendation for the prevention of cardio-vascular diseases. However, there are currently no reliable data from observational studies, as the high variability in the flavan-3-ol content of food makes it difficult to estimate actual intake without nutritional biomarkers. In this study, we investigated cross-sectional associations between biomarker-estimated flavan-3-ol intake and blood pressure and other CVD risk markers, as well as longitudinal associations with CVD risk in 25,618 participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer (EPIC) Norfolk cohort. High flavan-3-ol intake, achievable as part of an habitual diet, was associated with a significantly lower systolic blood pressure (− 1.9 (− 2.7; − 1.1) mmHg in men and − 2.5 (− 3.3; − 1.8) mmHg in women; lowest vs highest decile of biomarker), comparable to adherence to a Mediterranean Diet or moderate salt reduction. Subgroup analyses showed that hypertensive participants had stronger inverse association between flavan-3-ol biomarker and systolic blood pressure when compared to normotensive participants. Flavanol intake could therefore have a role in the maintenance of cardiovascular health on a population scale.

scholarly journals Faktor Determinan yang Berhubungan dengan Upaya Pengendalian Hipertensi di PSTW Budi Luhur Kota Jambi

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 234
Author(s):  
Fithriyani Fithriyani ◽  
Miko Eka Putri
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Moderate Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Increased Risk

Aging is a natural process that can not be avoided, running continuously, and continuously. Based on population projection data the number of elderly people will increase where the most number is found at the age of 60-64 years 94,012 people. Increasing age decreases bodily functions, decreased organ function and changes in blood pressure, therefore the elderly are advised to check their blood pressure regularly. As they age, blood pressure in the elderly will increase so that there is a higher risk of developing hypertension. Hypertension is a major health problem throughout the world, causing a high prevalence and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Some things that need to be considered in an effort to control hypertension include regular exercise, adequate rest, medical, traditional, regulate diet and reduce salt consumption one teaspoon per day. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinants and factors associated with efforts to control hypertension in the elderly at PSTW Budi Luhur, Jambi City. The research method uses descriptive analysis design with cross sectional approach. Samples were conducted for the elderly with hypertension. The research instrument was in the form of questionnaire sheets by interview. The results obtained 40% of elderly people have a history of smoking, 45% are quite good in consuming food, 60% elderly with moderate activity and 60% elderly are good in controlling hypertension. The results of bivariate analysis showed that there was no correlation between determinant factors (smoking history, food consumption, physical activity) and hypertension control efforts in the elderly in PSTW Budi Luhur, Jambi City

scholarly journals P1698MULTI- NATIONAL SURVEY AMONG NEPHROLOGISTS AND TRANSPLANT SURGEONS ABOUT THE SUITABILITY AND ACCEPTANCE OF MARGINAL LIVE KIDNEY DONORS WITH MILD HYPERTENSION

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ziad Arabi ◽  
El Waleed El Hassan ◽  
Abdulrahman Altheaby ◽  
Abdullah Hamad ◽  
Kaysi Saleh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Blood Pressure Monitoring ◽  
White Coat Hypertension ◽  
Kidney Donation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Kidney Donors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alternative Donor

Abstract Background and Aims There is variability among transplant centers in the acceptance of living donor candidates with well-controlled hypertension. Increased gestational hypertension and preeclampsia are more common in donors than in the general population especially if the donor is hypertensive at baseline. The purpose of this survey is to form a consensus about the evaluation of marginal live kidney donors (women and men) with hypertension. Method This is a cross-sectional survey of nephrologists and transplant surgeons about Suitability and Acceptance of The Marginal live Kidney Donors. The survey was sent to nephrologists in different countries and it was also distributed through AST & ERA-EDTA. Results A total of 122 practitioners from 22 countries responded to the survey. Of those, (N=96, 80.2%) were nephrologists and (n=23 19.83%) were transplant surgeons. The majority (45%) of the respondents were from USA. Most of the respondents (N=85, 69.7%) would allow a multiparous female (MPW) with mild and controlled hypertension (on a single blood pressure medication) who is not planning to have more children to donate. The rest would either advise against donation unless there is no alternative donor (n=23, 18.85%), or decline it altogether (n=14, 11.5%). In contrast, more respondents would reject a primiparous donor woman (PPW) with the same clinical scenario who considers having children (n=51, 42.2%, P=0.00001 ), or accept it only if there is no alternative donor (n=46, 38.0%, P=0.0009). Furthermore, most would not allow donation of a 20 years old male ( M) with an apparent white coat hypertension if his 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring shows non-dipping nocturnal pattern (n=67, 54.9%), or only accept it if there is no alternative donor (n=36, 29.5%). When comparing the rejection rate among the three donors: 11% for MPW, 41% for PPW and 54% for M. (P = 0.0001 for MPW vs PPW; P=0.00001 for MPW vs M; P=0.04 for PPW vs M). Conclusion Most of the nephrologists and transplant surgeons will clear mulptiparous women with mild and controlled hypertension for kidney donation as long as there no further plans for pregnancy. However, the majority of respondents will not clear a hypertensive primiparous due to the increased risk of gestational hypertension and preeclampsia after kidney donation. Most would be also reluctant to accept very young male donors if they show indicators of higher risk of developing hypertension in future.

scholarly journals Blood Pressure Change from Normal to 2017 ACC/AHA Defined Stage 1 Hypertension and Cardiovascular Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joung Sik Son ◽  
Seulggie Choi ◽  
Gyeongsil Lee ◽  
Su-Min Jeong ◽  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Pressure Change ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Second Period

The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of the 2017 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) defined stage 1 hypertension (systolic blood pressure (SBP) 130–139 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 80–89 mmHg), and increase in BP from previously normal BP in Korean adults. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 60,866 participants from a nationally representative claims database. Study subjects had normal BP (SBP < 120 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg), no history of anti-hypertensive medication, and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the first period (2002–2003). The BP change was defined according to the BP difference between the first and second period (2004–2005). We used time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models in order to evaluate the effect of BP elevation on mortality and CVD with a mean follow-up of 7.8 years. Compared to those who maintained normal BP during the second period, participants with BP elevation from normal BP to stage 1 hypertension had a higher risk for CVD (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.23; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08–1.40), and ischemic stroke (aHR 1.32; 95% CI, 1.06–1.64). BP elevation to 2017 ACC/AHA defined elevated BP (SBP 120–129 mmHg and DBP < 80 mmHg) was associated with an increased risk of CVD (aHR 1.26; 95% CI, 1.06–1.50), but stage 1 isolated diastolic hypertension (SBP < 130 and DBP 80–89 mmHg) was not significantly related with CVD risk (aHR 1.12; 95% CI, 0.95–1.31).

The Blood Pressure Response to Exercise in Youth with Impaired Glucose Tolerance and Type 2 Diabetes

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 120-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane E. Yardley ◽  
Jacqueline Hay ◽  
Freya MacMillan ◽  
Kristy Wittmeier ◽  
Brandy Wicklow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Pressure Response ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Response To Exercise

Type 2 diabetes is associated with hypertension and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. In adults, blood pressure (BP) responses to exercise are predictive of these complications. To determine if the hemodynamic response to exercise is exaggerated in youth with dysglycemia (DG) compared with normoglycemic overweight/obese (OB) and healthy weight (HW) controls a cross-sectional comparison of BP and heart rate (HR) responses to graded exercise to exhaustion in participants was performed. DG and OB youth were matched for age, BMI z-score, height and sex. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) were measured every 2 min, and HR was measured every 1 min. SBP was higher in OB and DG compared with HW youth at rest (p > .001). Despite working at lower relative workloads compared with HW, the BP response was elevated during exercise in OB and DG. For similar HR and oxygen consumption rates, BP responses to exercise were slightly higher in OB and DG compared with HW. OB and DG youth both display elevated resting and exercise BP relative to HW peers. Obesity may play a greater role than dysglycemia in the exaggerated BP response to exercise in youth.

scholarly journals Associations Between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Arterial Stiffness in Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Cross-sectional Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1522-1525 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Jorid Berg ◽  
Anne Grete Semb ◽  
Silje H. Sveaas ◽  
Camilla Fongen ◽  
Désirée van der Heijde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Walking Test ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective.To assess associations between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), measured as peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, measured by arterial stiffness, in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods.VO2peak was assessed by a maximal walking test on a treadmill. Arterial stiffness was measured noninvasively (Sphygmocor apparatus). Cross-sectional associations between VO2peak and arterial stiffness were analyzed using backward multivariable linear regression.Results.Among 118 participating patients, there were significant inverse associations between VO2peak and arterial stiffness, independent of traditional CVD risk factors and measures of disease activity.Conclusion.Reduced CRF may be related to increased risk of CVD in AS.

Comparison between metabolically healthy obesity and metabolically unhealthy obesity by different definitions among Mexican children

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Lola Evia-Viscarra ◽  
Rodolfo Guardado-Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mexican Children ◽  
Metabolically Healthy ◽  
Metabolically Unhealthy Obesity

AbstractBackgroundThere is no consensus on the definition of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and the diagnostic criteria in children.ObjectivesTo estimate the prevalence of MHO and compare clinical and biochemical characteristics between MHO and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), and to evaluate the association between MUO and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, anthropometrics and family background using different definitions in children.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. Participants included 224 obese children between the years 2007 and 2017. MHO was defined by three different criteria: (i) absence of metabolic syndrome (MHO-MS), (ii) no insulin resistance (IR) by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) <3.16 cut-off (MHO-IR3.16) and (iii) absence of IR at <95th percentile for Mexican children (MHO-95th).ResultsThe prevalence of MHO-MS, MHO-IR3.16 and MHO-IR95th was 12.9%, 56.3% and 41.5%, respectively. The prevalence of simultaneous MHO-MS plus MHO-IR95th was 5.36%. Children with MHO-MS vs. MUO-MS showed lower height, weight and body mass index (BMI) percentiles; MHO-IR3.16 vs. MUO-IR3.16 showed lower age, acanthosis, Tanner, waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and glucose; and MHO-IR95th vs. MUO-IR95th showed lower acanthosis, WC, DBP, glucose and high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). MUO-MS was associated with WC > 90th, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in first-degree relatives and obesity in siblings. MUO-IR3.16 was associated with pubertal stages, WC > 90th, WHtR > 0.55 and fasting hyperglycemia. MUO-IR95th was associated with WHtR > 0.55 and HDL < 10th. MHO-MS and MHO-IR3.16 or MHO-IR95th did not have agreement.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MHO varied depending on the definition, although the real MHO with no MS or IR is very low. Low DBP and high HDL-C in MHO were present in any definition. Association of MUO with anthropometric, biochemical and family background differs across definitions.

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