Desaturase Activity Is Associated With Weight Status and Metabolic Risk Markers in Young Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 3760-3769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Wolters ◽  
Heike Schlenz ◽  
Claudia Börnhorst ◽  
Patrizia Risé ◽  
Claudio Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Z Scores

Context: Activity of delta-9, delta-6, and delta-5 desaturases (D9D, D6D, D5D) are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Objective: To investigate the association of estimated desaturase activities with weight status, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in children, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Design: The IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) cohort study was used, with examinations at baseline (T0) and after 2 years (T1). Setting and Participants: Children aged 2 to less than 10 years from eight European countries were recruited in kindergartens/primary schools. Children with available data on fatty acids, outcome, and covariate information were included in the analyses. Methods: Whole blood fatty acids were analyzed in 2600 children at baseline. D9D (16:1n-7/16:0), D6D (20:3n-6/18:2n-6), and D5D (20:4n-6/20:3n-6) activities were estimated from product-precursor fatty acids ratios. Body mass index (BMI), Homeostatic Model Assessment index, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) served as outcomes for weight status, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, respectively. Linear and logistic regression and repeated measures models were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between desaturase activity and outcomes. Results: In the cross-sectional analysis, D9D and D6D were positively associated with BMI and TG z-scores and inversely with HDL z-scores. D5D was inversely associated with BMI and TG z-scores (ie, a D5D increase of 1 unit is associated with a BMI z-score decrease of 0.07 and a 28% lower odds ratio for TG ≥75th percentile). Longitudinally, similar associations were found for T0 desaturase activities with BMI and for T0 D6D with HDL at follow-up (T1). Baseline D6D and D5D were positively associated with the change of HDL z-score from T0 to T1, and D6D with the change of Homeostatic Model Assessment index z-score. Conclusion: Desaturase activities are associated with metabolic risk markers already in young children and appear to predict the metabolic risk.

Abstract P179: Abdominal Skin-fold Thickness Improves Anthropometric Prediction of Insulin Resistance in Prepubescent Colombian Children

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel T Mueller ◽  
Mark A Pereira ◽  
Adriana Buitrago ◽  
Diana C Rodriguez ◽  
Alvaro E Duran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Roc Curve ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Z Scores

Introduction: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), have been considered poor measures of cardiometabolic risk in children, in whom increases in these measures may reflect increases in lean mass more so than fat mass. Hypothesis: We examined the hypothesis that abdominal skinfolds (ASF) have better predictive value than BMI and other anthropometric measures for identifying insulin resistance (IR) in prepubescent Colombian children. Methods: We used data from a population-based cross-sectional study of 1,262 children, aged 6-10 y, in Bucaramanga, Colombia. Logistic regression stepwise variable selection (P<0.05 for entry and retention) was performed to identify anthropometric predictors of IR, as determined by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare area under the curve (AUC). Results: There were 57 boys and 70 girls classified as IR (HOMA >90th percentile). Among anthropometric measures compared - including WC, WHtR, and four skinfolds - only age- and sex-specific ASF and BMI z-scores were retained as independent anthropometric predictors of IR. Prediction of IR was marginally better using ASF z-scores than BMI z-scores (P for contrast= 0.13). However, the final Model, which included both ASF and BMI, significantly increased the AUC from 0.80 (95% CI: 0.75-0.84) to 0.82 (95% CI: 0.78-0.86) - an improvement of 0.02 (95% CI: 0.004-0.04; P for contrast= 0.01)(see table ). In the final Model, after adjusting for BMI z, a 1-SD increment in ASF z was associated with 2.38 (95% CI: 1.74-3.26) greater odds of IR; whereas a 1-SD increment in BMI z, after adjustment for ASF z, was associated with 1.46 (95% CI: 1.11-1.91) greater odds of IR. Conclusions: ASF was independent from and marginally better than BMI in predicting IR in Colombian children. Furthermore, integration of ASF with BMI improved IR risk stratification compared to BMI alone, opening new perspectives in the prediction of cardiometabolic risk in children. ROC Curve Contrast Estimation and Testing Results for Anthropometric Measures of Insulin Resistance ROC Curve Contrasts Difference in AUC 95% CI P for Contrast WCz - BMIz 0.006 (-0.016, 0.028) 0.622 WHtRz - BMIz −0.045 (-0.074, -0.016) 0.002 ASFz - BMIz 0.018 (-0.005, 0.040) 0.126 Model (ASFz + BMIz) - BMIz 0.021 (0.004, 0.038) 0.014 BMI z-score (BMIz) was used as reference in all contrast estimates and tests against waist circumference z-score (WCz), waist-to-height z-score (WHtRz), abdominal skinfolds z-score (ASFz), and the best stepwise-selection Model (includes ASFz + BMIz)

scholarly journals Circulating fatty acid profiles are associated with protein energy wasting in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ban-Hock Khor ◽  
◽  
Sharmela Sahathevan ◽  
Ayesha Sualeheen ◽  
Mohammad Syafiq Md Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Maintenance Hemodialysis ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation

AbstractThe metabolic impact of circulating fatty acids (FAs) in patients requiring hemodialysis (HD) is unknown. We investigated the associations between plasma triglyceride (TG) FAs and markers of inflammation, insulin resistance, nutritional status and body composition. Plasma TG-FAs were measured using gas chromatography in 341 patients on HD (age = 55.2 ± 14.0 years and 54.3% males). Cross-sectional associations of TG-FAs with 13 markers were examined using multivariate linear regression adjusted for potential confounders. Higher levels of TG saturated fatty acids were associated with greater body mass index (BMI, r = 0.230), waist circumference (r = 0.203), triceps skinfold (r = 0.197), fat tissue index (r = 0.150), serum insulin (r = 0.280), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = 0.276), but lower malnutrition inflammation score (MIS, r =  − 0.160). Greater TG monounsaturated fatty acid levels were associated with lower lean tissue index (r =  − 0.197) and serum albumin (r =  − 0.188), but higher MIS (r = 0.176). Higher levels of TG n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were associated with lower MIS (r =  − 0.168) and interleukin-6 concentrations (r =  − 0.115). Higher levels of TG n-6 PUFAs were associated with lower BMI (r =  − 0.149) but greater serum albumin (r = 0.112). In conclusion, TG monounsaturated fatty acids were associated with poor nutritional status, while TG n-3 PUFAs were associated with good nutritional status. On the other hand, TG saturated fatty acids and TG n-6 PUFAs had both favorable and unfavorable associations with nutritional parameters.

scholarly journals KEJADIAN RESISTENSI INSULIN PADA ANAK OBESITAS USIA 9-12 TAHUN DI KOTA SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Hana Asnelviana ◽  
Muhammad Sulchan ◽  
Binar Panunggal
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
The Body ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Waist To Height Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Introduction: Obesity is caused by imbalance amount of energy intake and energy requirement of the body. Obesity in children has high risk to become obesity in adult and results in degenerative diseases. In obese children have higher of getting insulin  resistance. This study was aimed to determine insulin resistance in obesity children aged 9-12 years in Semarang.Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with two groups: height below the median-obesity circumference (TBBM-obesity) and height above the median-obesity (TBAM-obesity). Screening was done in 602 children aged 9-12 years in urban and suburban areas of Semarang. Nutritional status was determined with measurements of z-scores of height-for-age (HAZ) and waist circumference. To define insulin resistance were measured using homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Data were then analyzed by Mann-Whitney test and Spearman test.Results: There was found 75% subjects with high HOMA-IR value. HOMA-IR value in TBAM-obesity was 42.5% higher than TBBM-obesity was 32.5% (p= 0,088). Waist circumference and Waist to Height Ratio(WHtR) has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value (r= 0.662 p=0.000 and  r= 0.333 p=0.036) and height does not has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value (r=0.235; p= 0.144). Conclusion: Insulin resistance from all subject were found 75%. Waist circumference and Waist to Height Ratio(WHtR) has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value and height does not has a correlation on the increased HOMA-IR value.

scholarly journals Depression and cardiovascular risk—association among Beck Depression Inventory, PCSK9 levels and insulin resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Macchi ◽  
C. Favero ◽  
A. Ceresa ◽  
L. Vigna ◽  
D. M. Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Abstract Background Depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are among the most common causes of disability in high-income countries, depression being associated with a 30% increased risk of future CV events. Depression is twice as common in people with diabetes and is associated with a 60% rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, an independent CVD risk factor. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a key regulator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, has been related to a large number of CV risk factors, including insulin resistance. Aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of depression could affect PCSK9 levels in a population of obese subjects susceptible to depressive symptoms and how these changes may mediate a pre-diabetic risk. Results In 389 obese individuals, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was significantly associated with PCSK9 levels. For every one-unit increment in BDI-II score, PCSK9 rose by 1.85 ng/mL. Depression was associated also with the HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance), 11% of this effect operating indirectly via PCSK9. Conclusions This study indicates a possible mechanism linking depression and insulin resistance, a well-known CV risk factor, providing evidence for a significant role of PCSK9.

scholarly journals Depression and Cardiovascular Risk - Association Among Beck Depression Inventory, PCSK9 Levels and Insulin Resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Macchi ◽  
Chiara Favero ◽  
Alessandro Ceresa ◽  
Luisella Vigna ◽  
Diana Misaela Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Abstract Background. Depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are among the most common causes of disability in high-income countries, depression being associated with a 30% increased risk of future CV events. Depression is twice as common in people with diabetes and is associated with a 60% rise in the incidence of type 2 diabetes, an independent CVD risk factor. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), a key regulator of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, has been related to a large number of CV risk factors, including insulin resistance. Aim of this study was to investigate whether in a population of obese subjects, more susceptible to depressive symptoms, the presence of depression could affect PCSK9 levels and how these changes may mediate a pre-diabetic risk. Results. In 389 obese individuals, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was significantly associated with PCSK9 levels. For every one-unit increment in BDI-II score, PCSK9 rose by 1.85 ng/mL. Depression was associated also with the HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance), 11% of this effect operating indirectly via PCSK9. Conclusions. This study indicates a possible mechanism linking depression and insulin resistance, a well-known CV risk factor, providing evidence for a significant role of PCSK9.

scholarly journals Longitudinal associations between sex hormone-binding globulin and insulin resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-425
Author(s):  
Kristin Ottarsdottir ◽  
Margareta Hellgren ◽  
David Bock ◽  
Anna G Nilsson ◽  
Bledar Daka
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Purpose We aimed to investigate the association between SHBG and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-Ir) in men and women in a prospective observational study. Methods The Vara-Skövde cohort is a random population of 2816 participants living in southwestern Sweden, aged 30–74. It was recruited between 2002 and 2005, and followed up in 2012–2014. After excluding participants on insulin therapy or hormone replacement therapy, 1193 individuals (649 men, 544 women) were included in the present study. Fasting blood samples were collected at both visits and stored in biobank. All participants were physically examined by a trained nurse. SHBG was measured with immunoassay technique. Linear regressions were computed to investigate the association between SHBG and HOMA-Ir both in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, adjusting for confounding factors. Results The mean follow-up time was 9.7 ± 1.4 years. Concentrations of SHBG were significantly inversely associated with log transformed HOMA-Ir in all groups with estimated standardized slopes (95% CI): men: −0.20 (−0.3;−0.1), premenopausal women: −0.26 (−0.4;−0.2), postmenopausal women: −0.13 (−0.3;−0.0) at visit 1. At visit 2 the results were similar. When comparing the groups, a statistically significant difference was found between men and post-menopausal women (0.12 (0.0;0.2) P value = 0.04). In the fully adjusted model, SHBG at visit 1 was also associated with HOMA-Ir at visit 2, and the estimated slopes were −0.16 (−0.2;−0.1), −0.16 (−0.3;−0.1) and −0.07 (−0.2;0.0) for men, premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. Main conclusion Levels of SHBG predicted the development of insulin resistance in both men and women, regardless of menopausal state.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment and Determination of Factors That Cause the Development of Hyperinsulinemia in School-Age Adolescents

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Igor Lukic ◽  
Nikola Savic ◽  
Maja Simic ◽  
Nevena Rankovic ◽  
Dragica Rankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Background and Objectives: Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are not synonymous; if the risk of developing insulin resistance in adolescents is monitored, they do not necessarily have hyperinsulinemia. It is considered a condition of pre-diabetes and represents a condition of increased risk of developing DM (diabetes mellitus); it can exist for many years without people having the appropriate symptoms. This study aims to determine the risk of developing hyperinsulinemia at an early age in adolescents by examining which factors are crucial for its occurrence. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study lasting from 2019 to 2021 (2 years) was realized at the school children’s department in the Valjevo Health Center, which included a total of 822 respondents (392 male and 430 female) children and adolescents aged 12 to 17. All respondents underwent a regular, systematic examination scheduled for school children. BMI is a criterion according to which respondents are divided into three groups. Results: After summary analyzes of OGTT test respondents and calculated values of HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), the study showed that a large percentage of respondents, a total of 12.7%, are at risk for hyperinsulinemia. The research described in this paper aimed to use the most popular AI (artificial intelligence) model, ANN (artificial neural network), to show that 13.1% of adolescents are at risk, i.e., the risk is higher by 0.4%, which was shown by statistical tests as a significant difference. Conclusions: It is estimated that a model using three different ANN architectures, based on Taguchi’s orthogonal vector plans, gives more precise and accurate results with much less error. In addition to monitoring changes in each individual’s risk, the risk assessment of the entire monitored group is updated without having to analyze all data.

scholarly journals Depression And Cardiovascular Risk – Association Among Beck Depression Inventory, PCSK9 Levels And Insulin Resistance

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Macchi ◽  
Chiara Favero ◽  
Alessandro Ceresa ◽  
Luisella Vigna ◽  
Diana Misaela Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Beck Depression Inventory ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
Risk Association

Abstract Background. Depression and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are among the most common causes of disability in high-income countries, depression being associated with a 30% increased risk of future CV events. The association of depression with CV outcomes is likely via behavioral mechanisms, e.g. sedentary lifestyle and obesity, this last being more frequently linked to the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) has been related to a large number of CV risk factors, e.g. insulin resistance. Aim of this study was to investigate whether in a population of obese subjects, depression could affect PCSK9 levels and how these changes may mediate potentially associated pre-diabetic risk. Results. In 389 obese individuals, mainly women, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was significantly associated with PCSK9 levels, i.e. for every unit increment in BDI-II score, PCSK9 rose by 1.85 ng/mL and with the homeostatic model assessment index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Mediation analysis suggested that PCSK9 levels partially mediates by 11% the effect of BDI-II on HOMA-IR. Conclusions. This study proposes a possible mechanism linking depression and insulin resistance, a well-known CV risk factor, providing evidence on a role for PCSK9.

scholarly journals Metabolomics Identifies Distinctive Metabolite Signatures for Measures of Glucose Homeostasis: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study (IRAS-FS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1877-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholette D Palmer ◽  
Hayrettin Okut ◽  
Fang-Chi Hsu ◽  
Maggie C Y Ng ◽  
Yii-Der Ida Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Homeostasis ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Β Cell Function ◽  
Homeostatic Model

Abstract Context Metabolomics provides a biochemical fingerprint that, when coupled with clinical phenotypes, can provide insight into physiological processes. Objective Survey metabolites associated with dynamic and basal measures of glucose homeostasis. Design Analysis of 733 plasma metabolites from the Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Family Study. Setting Community based. Participants One thousand one hundred eleven Mexican Americans. Main Outcome Dynamic measures were obtained from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test and included insulin sensitivity and acute insulin response to glucose. Basal measures included homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance and β-cell function. Results Insulin sensitivity was associated with 99 metabolites (P &lt; 6.82 × 10−5) explaining 28% of the variance (R2adj) beyond 28% by body mass index. Beyond branched chain amino acids (BCAAs; P = 1.85 × 10−18 to 1.70 × 10−5, R2adj = 8.1%) and phospholipids (P = 3.51 × 10−17 to 3.00 × 10−5, R2adj = 14%), novel signatures of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs; P = 4.49 × 10−23 to 4.14 × 10−7, R2adj = 11%) were observed. Conditional analysis suggested that BCAA and LCFA signatures were independent. LCFAs were not associated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (P &gt; 0.024). Acute insulin response to glucose was associated with six metabolites; glucose had the strongest association (P = 5.68 × 10−16). Homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function had significant signatures from the urea cycle (P = 9.64 × 10−14 to 7.27 × 10−6, R2adj = 11%). Novel associations of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 2.58 × 10−13 to 6.70 × 10−5, R2adj = 10%) and LCFAs (P = 9.06 × 10−15 to 3.93 × 10−7, R2adj = 10%) were observed with glucose effectiveness. Assessment of the hyperbolic relationship between insulin sensitivity and secretion through the disposition index revealed a distinctive signature of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P = 1.55 × 10−12 to 5.81 × 10−6; R2adj = 3.8%) beyond that of its component measures. Conclusions Metabolomics reveals distinct signatures that differentiate dynamic and basal measures of glucose homeostasis and further identifies new metabolite classes associated with dynamic measures, providing expanded insight into the metabolic basis of insulin resistance.

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