scholarly journals Longitudinal associations between sex hormone-binding globulin and insulin resistance

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-425
Author(s):  
Kristin Ottarsdottir ◽  
Margareta Hellgren ◽  
David Bock ◽  
Anna G Nilsson ◽  
Bledar Daka
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Purpose We aimed to investigate the association between SHBG and the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-Ir) in men and women in a prospective observational study. Methods The Vara-Skövde cohort is a random population of 2816 participants living in southwestern Sweden, aged 30–74. It was recruited between 2002 and 2005, and followed up in 2012–2014. After excluding participants on insulin therapy or hormone replacement therapy, 1193 individuals (649 men, 544 women) were included in the present study. Fasting blood samples were collected at both visits and stored in biobank. All participants were physically examined by a trained nurse. SHBG was measured with immunoassay technique. Linear regressions were computed to investigate the association between SHBG and HOMA-Ir both in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses, adjusting for confounding factors. Results The mean follow-up time was 9.7 ± 1.4 years. Concentrations of SHBG were significantly inversely associated with log transformed HOMA-Ir in all groups with estimated standardized slopes (95% CI): men: −0.20 (−0.3;−0.1), premenopausal women: −0.26 (−0.4;−0.2), postmenopausal women: −0.13 (−0.3;−0.0) at visit 1. At visit 2 the results were similar. When comparing the groups, a statistically significant difference was found between men and post-menopausal women (0.12 (0.0;0.2) P value = 0.04). In the fully adjusted model, SHBG at visit 1 was also associated with HOMA-Ir at visit 2, and the estimated slopes were −0.16 (−0.2;−0.1), −0.16 (−0.3;−0.1) and −0.07 (−0.2;0.0) for men, premenopausal and postmenopausal women, respectively. Main conclusion Levels of SHBG predicted the development of insulin resistance in both men and women, regardless of menopausal state.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment and Determination of Factors That Cause the Development of Hyperinsulinemia in School-Age Adolescents

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Igor Lukic ◽  
Nikola Savic ◽  
Maja Simic ◽  
Nevena Rankovic ◽  
Dragica Rankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Risk Assessment ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Background and Objectives: Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are not synonymous; if the risk of developing insulin resistance in adolescents is monitored, they do not necessarily have hyperinsulinemia. It is considered a condition of pre-diabetes and represents a condition of increased risk of developing DM (diabetes mellitus); it can exist for many years without people having the appropriate symptoms. This study aims to determine the risk of developing hyperinsulinemia at an early age in adolescents by examining which factors are crucial for its occurrence. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study lasting from 2019 to 2021 (2 years) was realized at the school children’s department in the Valjevo Health Center, which included a total of 822 respondents (392 male and 430 female) children and adolescents aged 12 to 17. All respondents underwent a regular, systematic examination scheduled for school children. BMI is a criterion according to which respondents are divided into three groups. Results: After summary analyzes of OGTT test respondents and calculated values of HOMA-IR (homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance), the study showed that a large percentage of respondents, a total of 12.7%, are at risk for hyperinsulinemia. The research described in this paper aimed to use the most popular AI (artificial intelligence) model, ANN (artificial neural network), to show that 13.1% of adolescents are at risk, i.e., the risk is higher by 0.4%, which was shown by statistical tests as a significant difference. Conclusions: It is estimated that a model using three different ANN architectures, based on Taguchi’s orthogonal vector plans, gives more precise and accurate results with much less error. In addition to monitoring changes in each individual’s risk, the risk assessment of the entire monitored group is updated without having to analyze all data.

scholarly journals Exogenous female sex steroid hormones and risk of asthma and asthma-like symptoms: a cross sectional study of the general population

Thorax ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 613-616
Author(s):  
P Lange ◽  
J Parner ◽  
E Prescott ◽  
C Suppli Ulrik ◽  
J Vestbo
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Asthma Medication ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Heart Study ◽  
Prescription Practice

BACKGROUNDRecent evidence suggests a role for hormonal factors in the aetiology of asthma.METHODSData from a large study of women selected from the general population were used to relate treatment with oral hormonal contraceptives (OCP) and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) to the following asthma indicators: self-reported asthma, wheezing, cough at exertion, and use of medication for asthma. The study sample comprised 1536 premenopausal and 3016 postmenopausal women who participated in the third round of the Copenhagen City Heart Study in 1991–4. A total of 377 women were taking OCP (24.5% of premenopausal women) and 458 were on HRT (15.2% of postmenopausal women).RESULTSIn premenopausal women 4.8% reported having asthma. The prevalence of self-reported asthma, wheeze, use of asthma medication, and cough at exertion was not significantly related to use of OCP. In postmenopausal women the prevalence of self-reported asthma was 6.2%. A weak but consistent association was observed between HRT and self-reported asthma (OR 1.42 (95% CI 0.95 to 2.12)), wheeze (OR 1.29 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.64)), cough at exertion (OR 1.34 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.77)), and use of asthma medication (OR 1.45 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.18)).CONCLUSIONSIn this study of the general population no relationship was found between the use of OCP and asthma. Although an association was observed between HRT and asthma and asthma-like symptoms, this was relatively weak and it is concluded that there is no necessity to change present prescription practice.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Variation of Insulin Resistance among Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Patients in Semiurban North Indian Population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaitali Maitra ◽  
Ramesh Chandra Gupta ◽  
Rishika Raj
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ovarian Syndrome ◽  
Rotterdam Criteria

Introduction: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in the women of reproductive age. Studies show that there is an intensive relationship between insulin and gonadal function. As per Rotterdam Criteria, there are four major phenotypes of PCOS with different presentation. Early detection of Insulin Resistance (IR) and consequential prevention of Metabolic Syndrome (MS) associated with PCOS may lead to better prospect for the disease. Aim: To find the pattern of IR in all the phenotypes of PCOS in relation to Waist Hip Ratio (WHR), Body Mass Index (BMI) and Testosterone and thereby, providing data for designing phenotype specific treatment of the disease. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, fasting insulin and fasting glucose were analysed to calculate Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA-IR) and Testosterone for total 144 female subjects of reproductive age group (18-40 years). Subjects were classified in to four groups as per Rotterdam Criteria. Complete PCOS (PCO-COM), PCO with Oligo/Anovulation (PCO-O), Anovulation with Hyperandrogenism (O-HA), and PCO with Hyperandrogenism (PCO-HA). Regression analysis was done to find the relation among the study variables. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to analyse the significant variance among the groups. Results: IR was found to be maximum among O-HA phenotype (2.4±0.37) and lowest among PCO-HA phenotypes (1.3±0.22). Regression analysis shows that there exist significant associations between IR and BMI (t=4.96, p=0.001) as well as between IR and WHR (t=2.97, p=0.003). No independent association between testosterone and IR was observed. Conclusion: Significant difference of IR, WHR, and BMI was observed among the four phenotypes of PCOS. Due to increased IR, O-HA and PCO-COM phenotypes are more predisposed to Cardiometabolic consequences of PCOS.

Homocysteine is the confounding factor of metabolic syndrome-confirmed by siMS score

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Srećković ◽  
Ivan Soldatovic ◽  
Emina Colak ◽  
Igor Mrdovic ◽  
Mirjana Sumarac-Dumanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Continuous Measure ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Apo B ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Abstract Background: Abdominal adiposity has a central role in developing insulin resistance (IR) by releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Patients with metabolic syndrome (MS) have higher values of homocysteine. Hyperhomocysteinemia correlates with IR, increasing the oxidative stress. Oxidative stress causes endothelial dysfunction, hypertension and atherosclerosis. The objective of the study was to examine the correlation of homocysteine with siMS score and siMS risk score and with other MS co-founding factors. Methods: The study included 69 obese individuals (age over 30, body mass index [BMI] >25 kg/m2), classified into two groups: I-with MS (33 patients); II-without MS (36 patients). Measurements included: anthropometric parameters, lipids, glucose regulation parameters and inflammation parameters. IR was determined by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). ATP III classification was applied for diagnosing MS. SiMS score was used as continuous measure of metabolic syndrome. Results: A significant difference between groups was found for C-reactive protein (CRP) (p<0.01) apolipoprotein (Apo) B, HOMA-IR and acidum uricum (p<0.05). siMS risk score showed a positive correlation with homocysteine (p=0.023), while siMS score correlated positively with fibrinogen (p=0.013), CRP and acidum uricum (p=0.000) and homocysteine (p=0.08). Homocysteine correlated positively with ApoB (p=0.036), HbA1c (p=0.047), HOMA-IR (p=0.008) and negatively with ApoE (p=0.042). Conclusions: Correlation of siMS score with homocysteine, fibrinogen, CRP and acidum uricum indicates that they are co-founding factors of MS. siMS risk score correlation with homocysteine indicates that hyperhomocysteinemia increases with age. Hyperhomocysteinemia is linked with genetic factors and family nutritional scheme, increasing the risk for atherosclerosis.

Desaturase Activity Is Associated With Weight Status and Metabolic Risk Markers in Young Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 3760-3769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Wolters ◽  
Heike Schlenz ◽  
Claudia Börnhorst ◽  
Patrizia Risé ◽  
Claudio Galli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Status ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Assessment Index ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Z Scores

Context: Activity of delta-9, delta-6, and delta-5 desaturases (D9D, D6D, D5D) are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. Objective: To investigate the association of estimated desaturase activities with weight status, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia in children, cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Design: The IDEFICS (Identification and Prevention of Dietary- and Lifestyle-Induced Health Effects in Children and Infants) cohort study was used, with examinations at baseline (T0) and after 2 years (T1). Setting and Participants: Children aged 2 to less than 10 years from eight European countries were recruited in kindergartens/primary schools. Children with available data on fatty acids, outcome, and covariate information were included in the analyses. Methods: Whole blood fatty acids were analyzed in 2600 children at baseline. D9D (16:1n-7/16:0), D6D (20:3n-6/18:2n-6), and D5D (20:4n-6/20:3n-6) activities were estimated from product-precursor fatty acids ratios. Body mass index (BMI), Homeostatic Model Assessment index, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and triglycerides (TG) served as outcomes for weight status, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, respectively. Linear and logistic regression and repeated measures models were used to assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between desaturase activity and outcomes. Results: In the cross-sectional analysis, D9D and D6D were positively associated with BMI and TG z-scores and inversely with HDL z-scores. D5D was inversely associated with BMI and TG z-scores (ie, a D5D increase of 1 unit is associated with a BMI z-score decrease of 0.07 and a 28% lower odds ratio for TG ≥75th percentile). Longitudinally, similar associations were found for T0 desaturase activities with BMI and for T0 D6D with HDL at follow-up (T1). Baseline D6D and D5D were positively associated with the change of HDL z-score from T0 to T1, and D6D with the change of Homeostatic Model Assessment index z-score. Conclusion: Desaturase activities are associated with metabolic risk markers already in young children and appear to predict the metabolic risk.

scholarly journals The Insulin Sensitivity Mcauley Index (Mcai) is Associated with 40-Year Cancer Mortality in a Cohort of Men and Women Free of Diabetes at Baseline

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonatan Moshkovits ◽  
David Rott ◽  
Angela Chetrit ◽  
Rachel Dankner
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Cancer Death ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment

Abstract Background:The association between insulin resistance and cancer mortality is not fully explored. We investigated the association between several insulin sensitivity indices (ISIs) and cancer mortality in a cohort of adult men and women free of diabetes. We hypothesized that higher insulin resistance (Q1 of the Mcauley index (MCAi), calculated by fasting insulin and triglycerides, and Q4 of the Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA), calculated by fasting plasma glucose and insulin) will be associated with greater cancer mortality risk.Methods: A cohort of 1612 men and women free of diabetes during baseline were followed since 1979 through 2016 for cause specific mortality as part of the Israel study on Glucose Intolerance, Obesity and Hypertension (GOH). Results: Mean age at baseline was 51.5 ± 8.0 years, 804 (49.9%) were males, and 871 (54.0%) had prediabetes. Mean follow-up was 36.7±0.2 years and 47,191 person years were accrued. Cumulative incidence analysis using Cox proportional hazard model and competing risks analysis adjusted for age, sex, country of origin, BMI, blood pressure, total cholesterol, smoking and glycemic status (table 2), revealed an increased risk for cancer death, sub-distribution HR=1.4 (95% CI: 1.1-1.9, p=0.02) for individuals in the lower quartile of MCAi (Q1), denoting higher insulin resistance, compared with the upper quartiles (Q2-4). No statistically significant association was observed between the other insulin resistance surrogates and cancer death.Conclusion: The MCAi was found to independently associate with an increased risk for cancer mortality in adult men and women free of diabetes. The MCAi may be considered as a long-term prognostic biomarker in diabetes-free adults.

Urinary Equol is Associated with Bioavailable Testosterone but not Total Testosterone in Women

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-li Dong ◽  
Feng Xiong ◽  
Qing-wei Zhong ◽  
Yi-hong Li ◽  
Meng Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Sex Hormone ◽  
Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽  
Total Testosterone ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bioavailable Testosterone

Little is known about the association between equol and bioavailable testosterone (BT) in adults. We examined the associations of urinary equol concentrations with serum total, bioavailable and free testosterone (FT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfide (DHEAS), free androgen index (FAI) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations. This cross-sectional study included 1904 women aged 59.7 years. Urinary equol and serum sex hormone concentrations were measured. Overall, urinary equol tended to be inversely associated with bioactive forms of androgenic indices (BT, FT or FAI) but not with total testosterone (TT) or DHEAS. Urinary equol was also positively associated with SHBG. In multi-covariate-adjusted analyses stratified by menopausal status, graded and inverse associations between urinary equol and bioactive forms of androgenic indices (BT, FT and FAI) were observed in postmenopausal women (all p-trends &lt;0.05), but not in premenopausal women. A significant positive association between urinary equol and SHBG was observed only in postmenopausal women. No significant associations were observed between urinary equol and TT or DHEAS in either group. A path analysis indicated that these associations of equol with androgens in postmenopausal women might be mediated by SHBG. Our findings indicated urinary equol exhibited graded and inverse associations with BT or FT but not TT in women.

scholarly journals The Association of Endogenous Sex Hormones, Adiposity, and Insulin Resistance with Incident Diabetes in Postmenopausal Women

Endocrinology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (11) ◽  
pp. 5192-5192
Author(s):  
Rita Rastogi Kalyani ◽  
Manuel Franco ◽  
Adrian S. Dobs ◽  
Pamela Ouyang ◽  
Dhananjay Vaidya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Incident Type ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Endogenous Sex Hormones

ABSTRACT Context: In postmenopausal women, endogenous bioavailable testosterone (T) and estradiol (E2) have been positively associated, and SHBG has been negatively associated, with incident type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Previous studies have not explored possible factors explaining these relationships. Objective: Our objective was to examine the association of endogenous sex hormones with incident T2DM in postmenopausal women and possible explanatory factors. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) is a prospective study that included 1612 postmenopausal women aged 45–84 yr, followed between the years 2000-2006, who were not taking hormone replacement therapy, had no prevalent cardiovascular disease or diabetes, and had complete ascertainment of sex hormones. Main Outcome Measures: T2DM was defined based on fasting glucose and/or treatment for diabetes. Results: There were 116 incident cases of diabetes during follow-up. Across higher quartiles of bioavailable T and E2 and lower quartiles of SHBG, we found significantly greater hazards of developing incident T2DM (all P for trend ≤ 0.001). After adjustment for body mass index and insulin resistance estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, bioavailable T was no longer associated with incident T2DM. The associations of E2 and SHBG with incident T2DM were partially explained by body mass index and insulin resistance but persisted in fully adjusted models (both P for trend &lt; 0.02). Dehydroepiandrosterone had no relationship with incident T2DM. Conclusions: Adiposity and insulin resistance explained most of the association of bioavailable T but only partially explained the associations of E2 and SHBG with incident T2DM among postmenopausal women.

scholarly journals The self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system of Petiveria alliacea extract reduced the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance value, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α level in diabetic rat models

2021 ◽  
pp. 3229-3234
Author(s):  
Arifa Mustika ◽  
Nurmawati Fatimah ◽  
Gadis Meinar Sari
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Petiveria Alliacea ◽  
Homeostatic Model Assessment ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Background and Aim: Metaflammation plays a significant role in the pathogenesis, development, and complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). This inflammation is associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, the inflammatory pathways have been targeted for pharmacological treatment. Petiveria alliacea can decrease blood glucose levels and has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities; however, there are still insufficient data regarding its efficacy for the treatment of DM. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) of P. alliacea leaf extract on the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-insulin resistance (IR) value and interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five diabetic rat models were randomly divided into five groups. The first group received the SNEDDS of P. alliacea leaf extract at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (BW), the second group received it at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW, the third group received it at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW, the fourth group received 18 mg of metformin, and the fifth group only received the SNEDDS formula. The treatment was administered once a day, orally, for 14 days. On the 15th day after treatment, the rats were sacrificed to obtain blood samples for cardiac examination. The IL-6, TNF-α, and insulin levels in the serum were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The HOMA-IR value was calculated using a formula. Results: The mean IL-6 and TNF-α levels were low in the group that received the SNEDDS of P. alliacea leaf extract. There was no significant difference in the insulin level in all treatment and control groups. However, a significant difference in the HOMA-IR value was noted between the group that received the SNEDDS of P. alliacea leaf extract and metformin and the group that did not receive treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: The SNEDDS of P. alliacea leaf extract reduced the HOMA-IR value and suppressed the TNF-α and IL-6 levels in the STZ-induced diabetic rat model.

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