The TGF-beta signaling pathway is essential for Drosophila oogenesis

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (5) ◽  
pp. 1555-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Twombly ◽  
R.K. Blackman ◽  
H. Jin ◽  
J.M. Graff ◽  
R.W. Padgett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Nurse Cell ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Drosophila Oogenesis ◽  
Egg Chamber

We examine roles of signaling by secreted ligands of the TGF-beta family during Drosophila oogenesis. One family member, the DPP ligand encoded by the decapentaplegic (dpp) gene, is required for patterning of anterior eggshell structures. This requirement presumably reflects the expression pattern of dpp in an anterior subset of somatic follicle cells: the centripetally migrating and the nurse cell-associated follicle cells. Similar requirements are also revealed by mutations in the saxophone (sax)-encoded receptor, consistent with the idea that DPP signaling is, at least in part, mediated by the SAX receptor. A loss of germline sax function results in a block in oogenesis associated with egg chamber degeneration and a failure of the transfer of nurse cell contents to the oocyte, indicating that TGF-beta signaling is required for these events. Some phenotypes of sax mutations during oogenesis suggest that SAX responds to at least one other TGF-beta ligand as well in the posterior follicle cells.

cut interacts with Notch and protein kinase A to regulate egg chamber formation and to maintain germline cyst integrity during Drosophila oogenesis

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (18) ◽  
pp. 3663-3672 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.M. Jackson ◽  
K. Blochlinger
Keyword(s):  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Protein Kinase A ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Drosophila Oogenesis ◽  
Cell Complexes ◽  
Genetic Manipulations ◽  
Egg Chambers ◽  
Egg Chamber ◽  
Kinase A

Communications between the germline and the soma during Drosophila oogenesis have been previously shown to be essential for the formation of egg chambers and to establish polarity in the developing oocyte. In this report, we demonstrate that the function of a somatically expressed gene, cut, is critical for maintaining the structural integrity of germline-derived cells and their arrangement within an egg chamber. Genetic manipulations of cut activity resulted in defective packaging of germline-derived cysts into egg chambers and disintegration of the structural organization of oocyte-nurse cell complexes to generate multinucleate germline-derived cells. We also found that cut interacts genetically with the Notch gene and with the catalytic subunit of Protein kinase A gene during egg chamber morphogenesis. Since cut expression is restricted to the somatic follicle cells and cut mutant germline clones are phenotypically normal, we propose that the defects in the assembly of egg chambers and the changes in germline cell morphology observed in cut mutant egg chambers are the result of altered interactions between follicle cells and germline cells. cut encodes a nuclear protein containing DNA-binding motifs, and we suggest that it participates in intercellular communications by regulating the expression of molecules that directly participate in this process.

scholarly journals Role of Bicaudal-D in patterning the Drosophila egg chamber in mid-oogenesis

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 3577-3586 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Swan ◽  
B. Suter
Keyword(s):  
Cell Migration ◽  
Nurse Cell ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Oocyte Size ◽  
Hsp70 Promoter ◽  
Oocyte Growth ◽  
Drosophila Oogenesis ◽  
Specific Mrnas

The Bicaudal-D (Bic-D) gene is required early in Drosophila oogenesis for the differentiation of an oocyte from one of a cluster of 16 interconnected germarial cells. To analyze the role of Bic-D later in oogenesis, we have constructed Drosophila lines in which Bic-D expression is under the control of the hsp70 promoter. In these flies, Bic-D activity can be induced early in oogenesis, allowing an oocyte to be made. Then, by shifting females to non-inducing conditions, Bic-D levels are depleted for the remainder of oogenesis. Using this system, we find that Bic-D is indeed required in the later stages of oogenesis. In ovaries from mutant females, oocyte growth is reduced, apparently due to defects in nurse-cell-to-oocyte transport. Smaller oocyte size results in the misalignment of follicle cells and the underlying germ line, leading to ventralization of dorsal follicle cells and to defects in centripetal cell migration. In addition, we show that Bic-D is required for the localization of specific mRNAs at both the anterior and posterior of the oocyte.

Abstract 017: Hyperglycemia-induced Posttranscriptional Modification Of Proinflammatory Cytokine Mrna Stability Is Mediated Via Hur/PKC-delta Signaling Pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 113 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh K Verma ◽  
Alexander R Mackie ◽  
Erin E Vaughan ◽  
Tatiana V Abramova ◽  
Raj kishore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mrna Stability ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Intramyocardial Injection ◽  
Pkc Delta ◽  
Increased Risk

Patients with diabetes are predisposed to increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Persistent interaction of infiltrating macrophages and resident fibroblasts play a critical role in cardiac fibrosis. However, the signaling mechanism is not clear. We hypothesized that macrophage ELAV1 (mRNA stabilizing protein) modulates profibrotic mediators and extracellular matrix turnover by binding to 3′UTR and regulating the mRNA stability of TGF-beta and MMP-9 in hyperglycemic conditions. Mice receiving intramyocardial injection of HuR-specific shRNA showed significant reduction in infarct size and fibrosis area. Reduced fibrosis was associated with decrease in TGF-beta and MMP-9 expression in the myocardium. Conditioned media (CM) from high glucose (HG) treated macrophages significantly increased profibrogenic response (increased mRNA expression of Col1a1, Col3a1 and fibronectin) in fibroblast cell line as compared to fibroblasts incubated with CM from low glucose (LG)-treated macrophages. Knockdown of ELAV1 in HG-treated macrophages abrogated the profibrotic effects in fibroblasts. Indirect immunofluroscence of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) demonstrated that HG increases nuclear ELAV1 export to the cytoplasm. Pharmacological inhibition of Protein kinase C-delta (PKCd) blocked HG-induced ELAV1 nuclear to cytoplasmic translocation. In vitro, stable knockdown of ELAV1 in mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 reduced mRNA expression of TGF-beta and MMP-9 following LPS challenge, accompanied by a marked reduction in the mRNA stability of these genes. Our study here establishes an ELAV1/TGF-beta/MMP-9/PKC-delta signaling axis in the macrophages controlling the profibrogenic responses in fibroblasts, the major contributor in the pathogenesis of fibrosis. Therefore, targeting this signaling pathway might be of therapy value for cardiac fibrosis in diabetic patients.

THE ROLE OF AGONISTS AND ANTAGONISTS OF THE WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY IN PATIENTS WITH ANDROGENIC ALOPECIA AND ALOPECIA AREATA

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
Samoylova A.V. ◽  
Snimshchikova I.A. ◽  
Plotnikova M.O. ◽  
Yakushkina N.Y.
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Active Population

Alopecia is a common pathology among the active population, which leads not only to cosmetic defects, but also to the development of somatic diseases against the background of traumatic effects and chronic stress. The pathogenetic mechanisms of hair follicle formation are complex and diverse, since numerous factors, including the components of the Wnt signaling pathway, have an effect on its morphogenesis, the study of which is the subject of this study. The search for possible early markers of the development of alopecia led to interest in the study of the main morphogenic proteins of WNT - the signaling pathway (one of the intracellular signaling pathways, which control the development of blood vessels, as well as the growth and division of hair follicle cells) sclerostin and β-catenin among patients with androgenic and alopecia areata. The article presents data on the quantitative content of β-catenin and sclerostin in the blood serum in patients with androgenic and alopecia areata. Their possible pathways of complex interaction and influence on the morphogenesis of the hair follicle and the activity of the Wnt-signaling pathway have been analyzed, and the relationship between changes in the level of morphogenic proteins of the WNT-signaling pathway with sex and the course of the disease has been described. Establishment of the prognostic role of morphogenic proteins of the WNT signaling pathway in androgenic and alopecia areata will allow not only identify the personal risk of disease progression and to determine approaches to targeted therapy, but to develop and introduce updated diagnostic screening into dermatological practice.

Oogenesis in Lucilia Cuprina (Wied.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Ii. The Effect of Aziridinyl Chemosterilants on Oogenesis.

1979 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 349 ◽  
Author(s):  
GAC Beattie
Keyword(s):  
Direct Effect ◽  
Nurse Cell ◽  
Ovarian Development ◽  
Fat Body ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Lucilia Cuprina ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Cell Nuclei

Inhibition of ovarian development in L. cuprina by two aziridinyl chemosterilants, N,N'-hexamethylenebis(1-aziridinecarboxamide) and N. N'bisaziridinyl-N"-cyclohexylphosphine sulphide, was due to the direct effect of the sterilants on the ovary. The sterilants caused infecundity by interfering with mitosis in the follicle cells. Contrary to the accepted view, no evidence was obtained to suggest that infecundity resulted from inhibition of endomitosis in the nurse cell nuclei. Neither sterilant prevented the digestion of protein by the midgut, nor did they prevent the endocrine system and fat body from functioning.

AB0070 Wnt and wisp1 expression in the synovium induces cartilage damage by skewing of tgf-beta signaling via the canonical wnt signaling pathway

2013 ◽  
Vol 72 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A807.1-A807
Author(s):  
M. H. van den Bosch ◽  
A. B. Blom ◽  
P. L. van Lent ◽  
H. M. van Beuningen ◽  
F. A. van de Loo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Cartilage Damage ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Tgf Beta ◽  
Canonical Wnt Signaling ◽  
Canonical Wnt

hedgehog is required for the proliferation and specification of ovarian somatic cells prior to egg chamber formation in Drosophila

Development ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Forbes ◽  
H. Lin ◽  
P.W. Ingham ◽  
A.C. Spradling
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Cell Identity ◽  
Neurogenic Genes ◽  
Terminal Filament ◽  
Hh Signaling ◽  
Egg Chamber

The hedgehog (hh) gene plays a role in regulating cell proliferation and specifying cell identity in diverse systems. We show that hh is expressed at the extreme apical end of Drosophila ovarioles in terminal filament cells and a newly identified group of associated somatic cells. Reducing or ectopically expressing hh affects somatic cells in region 2 of the germarium, 2–5 cells away from the cells in which Hh protein is detected. hh activity stimulates the proliferation of pre-follicle somatic cells, and promotes the specification of polar follicle cells. hh signaling during egg chamber assembly appears to be closely related to, or part of pathways involving the neurogenic genes.

maelstrom is required for an early step in the establishment of Drosophila oocyte polarity: posterior localization of grk mRNA

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (22) ◽  
pp. 4661-4671 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.J. Clegg ◽  
D.M. Frost ◽  
M.K. Larkin ◽  
L. Subrahmanyan ◽  
Z. Bryant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nurse Cell ◽  
Egf Receptor ◽  
Mrna Localization ◽  
Follicle Cells ◽  
Rna Transport ◽  
Nurse Cells ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Cell Fates ◽  
Early Step ◽  
Novel Protein

We describe a mutant, maelstrom, that disrupts a previously unobserved step in mRNA localization within the early oocyte, distinct from nurse-cell-to-oocyte RNA transport. Mutations in maelstrom disturb the localization of mRNAs for Gurken (a ligand for the Drosophila Egf receptor), Oskar and Bicoid at the posterior of the developing (stage 3–6) oocyte. maelstrom mutants display phenotypes detected in gurken loss-of-function mutants: posterior follicle cells with anterior cell fates, bicoid mRNA localization at both poles of the stage 8 oocyte and ventralization of the eggshell. These data are consistent with the suggestion that early posterior localization of gurken mRNA is essential for activation of the Egf receptor pathway in posterior follicle cells. Posterior localization of mRNA in stage 3–6 oocytes could therefore be one of the earliest known steps in the establishment of oocyte polarity. The maelstrom gene encodes a novel protein that has a punctate distribution in the cytoplasm of the nurse cells and the oocyte until the protein disappears in stage 7 of oogenesis.

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