The Behaviour of Basophil Cytoplasmic Substances during Neural Induction in the Chick

Development ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-121
Author(s):  
J. O. Lavarack
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Neural Induction ◽  
Cell Group ◽  
Chemical Mechanisms ◽  
Cytoplasmic Material ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Lens Vesicle ◽  
Organizer Activity

On the possible role of nucleic acids in organizer activity Brachet's (1940) histochemical researches show that a basophil cytoplasmic material, which he identifies with ribose nucleic acid, is present generally in regions of active differentiation and that it accumulates at interfaces between inductors and the cells responsive to them. These conclusions are supported by Gallera & Oprecht (1948). Further, it is known that much of the ribose nucleic acid of cytoplasm is bound to the submicroscopic particulates and certain observations suggest that neural induction (Holtfreter, 1933; Brachet, 1950) and induction of the lens vesicle (McKeehan, 1951) depend at some stage on contact or the transfer of relatively large particles from one cell group to another. It may well be that any chemical mechanisms concerned are complex and include chains of reactions involving a number of substances. Among possible participants nucleic acids are of particular interest because of their metabolic relationships with proteins.

scholarly journals Stabilization and ATP-binding for tandem RRM domains of ALS-causing TDP-43 and hnRNPA1

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Dang ◽  
Yifan Li ◽  
Jianxing Song
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Conformational Dynamics ◽  
Md Simulations ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Atp Binding ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
General Role ◽  
Nmr Characterization

AbstractTDP-43 and hnRNPA1 contain tandemly-tethered RRM domains, which not only functionally bind an array of nucleic acids, but also participate in aggregation/fibrillation, a pathological hallmark of various human diseases including ALS, FTD, AD and MSP. Here, by DSF, NMR and MD simulations we systematically characterized stability, ATP-binding and conformational dynamics of TDP-43 and hnRNPA1 RRM domains in both tethered and isolated forms. The results reveal three key findings: 1) very unexpectedly, upon tethering TDP-43 RRM domains become dramatically coupled and destabilized with Tm reduced to only 49 °C. 2) ATP specifically binds TDP-43 and hnRNPA1 RRM domains, in which ATP occupies the similar pockets within the conserved nucleic-acid-binding surfaces, with the affinity higher to the tethered than isolated forms. 3) MD simulations indicate that the tethered RRM domains of TDP-43 and hnRNPA1 have higher conformational dynamics than the isolated forms. Two RRM domains become coupled as shown by NMR characterization and analysis of inter-domain correlation motions. The study explains the long-standing puzzle that the tethered TDP-43 RRM1-RRM2 is particularly prone to aggregation/fibrillation, and underscores the general role of ATP in inhibiting aggregation/fibrillation of RRM-containing proteins. The results also rationalize the observation that the risk of aggregation-causing diseases increases with aging.

scholarly journals Exploring miR-9 Involvement in Ciona intestinalis Neural Development Using Peptide Nucleic Acids

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2001
Author(s):  
Silvia Mercurio ◽  
Silvia Cauteruccio ◽  
Raoul Manenti ◽  
Simona Candiani ◽  
Giorgio Scarì ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Neural Development ◽  
Peptide Nucleic Acids ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Ciona Intestinalis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Regulate Gene Expression

The microRNAs are small RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level and can be involved in the onset of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. They are emerging as possible targets for antisense-based therapy, even though the in vivo stability of miRNA analogues is still questioned. We tested the ability of peptide nucleic acids, a novel class of nucleic acid mimics, to downregulate miR-9 in vivo in an invertebrate model organism, the ascidian Ciona intestinalis, by microinjection of antisense molecules in the eggs. It is known that miR-9 is a well-conserved microRNA in bilaterians and we found that it is expressed in epidermal sensory neurons of the tail in the larva of C. intestinalis. Larvae developed from injected eggs showed a reduced differentiation of tail neurons, confirming the possibility to use peptide nucleic acid PNA to downregulate miRNA in a whole organism. By identifying putative targets of miR-9, we discuss the role of this miRNA in the development of the peripheral nervous system of ascidians.

Synthesis and structure of fluoroindole nucleosides

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Božilović ◽  
Jan W Bats ◽  
Joachim W Engels
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Rna Stability ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Indole Synthesis

Chemically modified bases are frequently used to stabilize nucleic acids, to study the driving forces for nucleic acid structure formation, and to tune DNA and RNA hybridization conditions. Nucleoside analogues are chemical means to investigate hydrogen bonds, base stacking, and solvation as the three predominant forces that are responsible for the stability of nucleic acids. To obtain deeper insight into the contributions of these interactions to RNA stability, we decided to synthesize some novel nucleic acid analogues where the nucleobases are replaced by fluoroindoles. Fluorinated indoles can be compared with fluorinated benzimidazoles to determine the role of nitrogen in five-membered ring systems. The synthesis of fluoroindole ribonucleosides as well as the X-ray crystal structures of all synthesized fluoroindole ribonucleosides are reported here. These compounds could also be building blocks for a variety of biologically active RNA analogues.Key words: indoles, nucleosides, crystal structure, glycosilation, indole-synthesis.

scholarly journals The decisive role of the water structure in changes of conformation of nucleic acids.

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Barciszewski ◽  
J Jurczak ◽  
S Porowski ◽  
T Specht ◽  
V A Erdmann
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Conformational Transitions ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Structure And Activity

This review summarizes data on the structure and properties of water under normal conditions, at high salt concentration and under high pressure. We correlate the observed conformational transitions in nucleic acids with changes in water structure and activity, and suggest a mechanism of conformational transitions of nucleic acid involving these changes. We conclude that the Z-DNA form is induced only at low water activity caused by high salt concentrations and/or high pressure.

scholarly journals The Role of Nucleases and Nucleic Acid Editing Enzymes in the Regulation of Self-Nucleic Acid Sensing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Santa ◽  
Anne Garreau ◽  
Lee Serpas ◽  
Amandine Ferriere ◽  
Patrick Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Turn Over

Detection of microbial nucleic acids by the innate immune system is mediated by numerous intracellular nucleic acids sensors. Upon the detection of nucleic acids these sensors induce the production of inflammatory cytokines, and thus play a crucial role in the activation of anti-microbial immunity. In addition to microbial genetic material, nucleic acid sensors can also recognize self-nucleic acids exposed extracellularly during turn-over of cells, inefficient efferocytosis, or intracellularly upon mislocalization. Safeguard mechanisms have evolved to dispose of such self-nucleic acids to impede the development of autoinflammatory and autoimmune responses. These safeguard mechanisms involve nucleases that are either specific to DNA (DNases) or RNA (RNases) as well as nucleic acid editing enzymes, whose biochemical properties, expression profiles, functions and mechanisms of action will be detailed in this review. Fully elucidating the role of these enzymes in degrading and/or processing of self-nucleic acids to thwart their immunostimulatory potential is of utmost importance to develop novel therapeutic strategies for patients affected by inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Nucleic Acid Molecules Prepared by Monolayer Techniques

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 178-179
Author(s):  
Dimitrij Lang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Cytochrome C ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Contour Length ◽  
Sample Standard Deviation ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
Protein Monolayer

The success of the protein monolayer technique for electron microscopy of individual DNA molecules is based on the prevention of aggregation and orientation of the molecules during drying on specimen grids. DNA adsorbs first to a surface-denatured, insoluble cytochrome c monolayer which is then transferred to grids, without major distortion, by touching. Fig. 1 shows three basic procedures which, modified or not, permit the study of various important properties of nucleic acids, either in concert with other methods or exclusively:1) Molecular weights relative to DNA standards as well as number distributions of molecular weights can be obtained from contour length measurements with a sample standard deviation between 1 and 4%.

Snapshot blotting: The transfer of nucleic acids and nucleoprotein complexes from electrophoresis gels to EM grids

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 762-763
Author(s):  
Stephen D. Jett
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Nucleic Acid Binding ◽  
Mobility Shift ◽  
Carbon Coated ◽  
Nucleoprotein Complexes ◽  
Mobility Shift Assay ◽  
Protein Nucleic Acid ◽  
Gel Mobility Shift ◽  
Nucleic Acid Interactions

The electrophoresis gel mobility shift assay is a popular method for the study of protein-nucleic acid interactions. The binding of proteins to DNA is characterized by a reduction in the electrophoretic mobility of the nucleic acid. Binding affinity, stoichiometry, and kinetics can be obtained from such assays; however, it is often desirable to image the various species in the gel bands using TEM. Present methods for isolation of nucleoproteins from gel bands are inefficient and often destroy the native structure of the complexes. We have developed a technique, called “snapshot blotting,” by which nucleic acids and nucleoprotein complexes in electrophoresis gels can be electrophoretically transferred directly onto carbon-coated grids for TEM imaging.

Molecular insights on the dynamic stability of peptide nucleic acid functionalized carbon and boron nitride nanotubes

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Nabanita Saikia ◽  
Mohamed Taha ◽  
Ravindra Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Dynamic Stability ◽  
Peptide Nucleic Acid ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Peptide Nucleic Acids ◽  
Boron Nitride Nanotubes ◽  
Molecular Hybrids ◽  
Single Wall Nanotubes

The rational design of self-assembled nanobio-molecular hybrids of peptide nucleic acids with single-wall nanotubes rely on understanding how biomolecules recognize and mediate intermolecular interactions with the nanomaterial's surface.

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