CD24 (heat stable antigen, nectadrin), a novel keratinocyte differentiation marker, is preferentially expressed in areas of the hair follicle containing the colony-forming cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 109 (13) ◽  
pp. 3035-3045
Author(s):  
T. Magnaldo ◽  
Y. Barrandon
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Keratinocyte Differentiation ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Heat Stable Antigen ◽  
Differentiation Marker

We have isolated, by subtractive and differential hybridization from a library constructed from keratinocyte colony-forming cells (K-CFCs), a cDNA coding for the rat CD24 (nectadrin, heat stable antigen). CD24, a glycoprotein thought to be involved in cell-cell adhesion and signalling, is highly expressed in keratinocytes located in the bulge area of the rat vibrissa which contains the most K-CFCs. CD24 is also expressed in the outer epithelial sheath of human hair follicles and in glabrous epidermis. However, its expression is not restricted to K-CFCs as demonstrated by cell sorting experiments, and it is thus not a specific marker of clonogenic keratinocytes. Rather, its preferential distribution in keratinocytes located in the most innervated area of the rat vibrissal follicle, i.e., the bulge, suggests that is function could be related to the tactile role of the hair follicle.

scholarly journals Localisation and regulation of cholesterol transporters in the human hair follicle: mapping changes across the hair cycle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan A. Palmer ◽  
Eleanor Smart ◽  
Iain S. Haslam
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Transport Proteins ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Hair Cycle ◽  
Human Hair Follicle

AbstractCholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair biology, with dysregulated homeostasis implicated in several disorders of hair growth and cycling. Cholesterol transport proteins play a vital role in the control of cellular cholesterol levels and compartmentalisation. This research aimed to determine the cellular localisation, transport capability and regulatory control of cholesterol transport proteins across the hair cycle. Immunofluorescence microscopy in human hair follicle sections revealed differential expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters across the hair cycle. Cholesterol transporter expression (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCA5 and SCARB1) reduced as hair follicles transitioned from growth to regression. Staining for free cholesterol (filipin) revealed prominent cholesterol striations within the basement membrane of the hair bulb. Liver X receptor agonism demonstrated active regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not ABCA5 or SCARB1 in human hair follicles and primary keratinocytes. These results demonstrate the capacity of human hair follicles for cholesterol transport and trafficking. Future studies examining the role of cholesterol transport across the hair cycle may shed light on the role of lipid homeostasis in human hair disorders.

scholarly journals The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Cutaneous Remodeling and Hair Follicle Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 2758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Carrasco ◽  
Gonzalo Soto-Heredero ◽  
María Mittelbrunn
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Epithelial Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Efficient Treatment

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are cell-derived membranous structures that were originally catalogued as a way of releasing cellular waste products. Since the discovery of their function in intercellular communication as carriers of proteins, lipids, and DNA and RNA molecules, numerous therapeutic approaches have focused on the use of EVs, in part because of their minimized risk compared to cell-based therapies. The skin is the organ with the largest surface in the body. Besides the importance of its body barrier function, much attention has been paid to the skin in regenerative medicine because of its cosmetic aspect, which is closely related to disorders affecting pigmentation and the presence or absence of hair follicles. The use of exosomes in therapeutic approaches for cutaneous wound healing has been reported and is briefly reviewed here. However, less attention has been paid to emerging interest in the potential capacity of EVs as modulators of hair follicle dynamics. Hair follicles are skin appendices that mainly comprise an epidermal and a mesenchymal component, with the former including a major reservoir of epithelial stem cells but also melanocytes and other cell types. Hair follicles continuously cycle, undergoing consecutive phases of resting, growing, and regression. Many biomolecules carried by EVs have been involved in the control of the hair follicle cycle and stem cell function. Thus, investigating the role of either naturally produced or therapeutically delivered EVs as signaling vehicles potentially involved in skin homeostasis and hair cycling may be an important step in the attempt to design future strategies towards the efficient treatment of several skin disorders.

scholarly journals The Role of MicroRNAs in Epidermal Barrier

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5781
Author(s):  
Ai-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Keratinocyte Differentiation ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Barrier Integrity ◽  
Skin Lipids ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cell Cell

MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which mostly cause target gene silencing via transcriptional repression and degradation of target mRNAs, regulate a plethora of cellular activities, such as cell growth, differentiation, development, and apoptosis. In the case of skin keratinocytes, the role of miRNA in epidermal barrier integrity has been identified. Based on the impact of key genetic and environmental factors on the integrity and maintenance of skin barrier, the association of miRNAs within epidermal cell differentiation and proliferation, cell–cell adhesion, and skin lipids is reviewed. The critical role of miRNAs in the epidermal barrier extends the use of miRNAs for control of relevant skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, ichthyoses, and psoriasis via miRNA-based technologies. Most of the relevant miRNAs have been associated with keratinocyte differentiation and proliferation. Few studies have investigated the association of miRNAs with structural proteins of corneocytes and cornified envelopes, cell–cell adhesion, and skin lipids. Further studies investigating the association between regulatory and structural components of epidermal barrier and miRNAs are needed to elucidate the role of miRNAs in epidermal barrier integrity and their clinical implications.

Activation of the Notch pathway in the hair cortex leads to aberrant differentiation of the adjacent hair-shaft layers

Development ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 2421-2432 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Lin ◽  
C. Leimeister ◽  
M. Gessler ◽  
R. Kopan
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Notch Pathway ◽  
Dermal Papilla ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Hair Cortex

Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the generation of various cell types in the hair follicle. To investigate the role of the Notch pathway in this process, transgenic mice were generated in which an active form of Notch1 (Notch(DeltaE)) was overexpressed under the control of the mouse hair keratin A1 (MHKA1) promoter. MHKA-Notch(DeltaE) is expressed only in one precursor cell type of the hair follicle, the cortex. Transgenic mice could be easily identified by the phenotypes of curly whiskers and wavy, sheen pelage hair. No effects of activated Notch on proliferation were detected in hair follicles of the transgenic mice. We find that activating Notch signaling in the cortex caused abnormal differentiation of the medulla and the cuticle, two neighboring cell types that did not express activated Notch. We demonstrate that these non-autonomous effects are likely caused by cell-cell interactions between keratinocytes within the hair follicle and that Notch may function in such interactions either by directing the differentiation of follicular cells or assisting cells in interpreting a gradient emanating from the dermal papilla.

The effect of IGF-I on the growth of secondary hair follicles of the Cashmere goat in vitro

1997 ◽  
Vol 1997 ◽  
pp. 170-170
Author(s):  
H. Galbraith ◽  
D. Sims ◽  
D. Hazlerigg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Human Hair ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Hair Follicle Cycle ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factors

Factors regulating the growth of Cashmere fibre and the hair follicle cycle are poorly understood. Insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) or insulin at higher concentrations, have been shown to stimulate in vitro growth of human hair follicles (Philpott et al, 1994). The role of such mitogens in the production of cashmere fibre by the Cashmere goat has not been previously investigated. The objective the study reported here was to investigate the growth of hair follicles in the absence and presence of insulin or IGF-I using our established in vitro technique.

scholarly journals Significance of CD44 and CD24 as Cancer Stem Cell Markers: An Enduring Ambiguity

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Appalaraju Jaggupilli ◽  
Eyad Elkord
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Surface Markers ◽  
Cancer Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Heat Stable ◽  
Heat Stable Antigen ◽  
Tumour Initiation

Cancer stem cell population is a subset of cells capable of dictating invasion, metastasis, heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance in tumours. Eradication of this rare population is a new insight in cancer treatment. However, prospective identification, characterization, and isolation of these CSCs have been a major challenge. Many studies were performed on surface markers for potential identification and isolation of CSCs. Lack of universal expression of surface markers limits their usage and no best combination of markers has yet been confirmed to identify CSCs capable of initiating and metastasizing tumours. CD44, a hyaluronic acid receptor, is one of the most commonly studied surface markers, which is expressed by almost every tumour cell. CD24, a heat stable antigen, is another surface marker expressed in many tumour types. However, their expression and prognostic value in isolating CSCs are still an enduring ambiguity. In this critical review, we assess the role of CD44 and CD24 in tumour initiation, development, and metastasis. We mainly focus on analysing the significance of CD44 and CD24 as CSC surface markers in combination or with other putative markers in different types of cancer.

scholarly journals Transglutaminase 3: The Involvement in Epithelial Differentiation and Cancer

Cells ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina S. Chermnykh ◽  
Elena V. Alpeeva ◽  
Ekaterina A. Vorotelyak
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Human Tumor ◽  
Hair Shaft ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Macromolecular Complexes ◽  
Tumor Pathology ◽  
Keratin Intermediate Filaments ◽  
Transglutaminase 3

Transglutaminases (TGMs) contribute to the formation of rigid, insoluble macromolecular complexes, which are essential for the epidermis and hair follicles to perform protective and barrier functions against the environment. During differentiation, epidermal keratinocytes undergo structural alterations being transformed into cornified cells, which constitute a highly tough outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. Similar processes occur during the hardening of the hair follicle and the hair shaft, which is provided by the enzymatic cross-linking of the structural proteins and keratin intermediate filaments. TGM3, also known as epidermal TGM, is one of the pivotal enzymes responsible for the formation of protein polymers in the epidermis and the hair follicle. Numerous studies have shown that TGM3 is extensively involved in epidermal and hair follicle physiology and pathology. However, the roles of TGM3, its substrates, and its importance for the integument system are not fully understood. Here, we summarize the main advances that have recently been achieved in TGM3 analyses in skin and hair follicle biology and also in understanding the functional role of TGM3 in human tumor pathology as well as the reliability of its prognostic clinical usage as a cancer diagnosis biomarker. This review also focuses on human and murine hair follicle abnormalities connected with TGM3 mutations.

scholarly journals The role of cathepsin E in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes

2011 ◽  
Vol 392 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoyo Kawakubo ◽  
Atsushi Yasukochi ◽  
Kuniaki Okamoto ◽  
Yoshiko Okamoto ◽  
Seiji Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Primary Cultures ◽  
Terminal Differentiation ◽  
Epidermal Differentiation ◽  
Keratinocyte Differentiation ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Cathepsin E

Abstract Cathepsin E (CatE) is predominantly expressed in the rapidly regenerating gastric mucosal cells and epidermal keratinocytes, in addition to the immune system cells. However, the role of CatE in these cells remains unclear. Here we report a crucial role of CatE in keratinocyte terminal differentiation. CatE deficiency in mice induces abnormal keratinocyte differentiation in the epidermis and hair follicle, characterized by the significant expansion of corium and the reduction of subcutaneous tissue and hair follicle. In a model of skin papillomas formed in three different genotypes of syngeneic mice, CatE deficiency results in significantly reduced expression and altered localization of the keratinocyte differentiation induced proteins, keratin 1 and loricrin. Involvement of CatE in the regulation of the expression of epidermal differentiation specific proteins was corroborated by in vitro studies with primary cultures of keratinocytes from the three different genotypes of mice. In wild-type keratinocytes after differentiation inducing stimuli, the CatE expression profile was compatible to those of the terminal differentiation marker genes tested. Overexpression of CatE in mice enhances the keratinocyte terminal differentiation process, whereas CatE deficiency results in delayed differentiation accompanying the reduced expression or the ectopic localization of the differentiation markers. Our findings suggest that in keratinocytes CatE is functionally linked to the expression of terminal differentiation markers, thereby regulating epidermis formation and homeostasis.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of Dermal White Adipose Tissue in Modulating Hair Follicle Development During Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Chen ◽  
Zhe-Xiang Fan ◽  
De-Cong Zhu ◽  
Yi-Long Guo ◽  
Ke Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Bmp Signaling ◽  
Peripheral Tissues ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Hair Follicle Stem Cells

Hair follicle stem cells are extensively reprogrammed by the aging process, manifesting as diminished self-renewal and delayed responsiveness to activating cues, orchestrated by both intrinsic microenvironmental and extrinsic macroenvironmental regulators. Dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) is one of the peripheral tissues directly adjacent to hair follicles (HFs) and acts as a critical macroenvironmental niche of HF. dWAT directly contributes to HF aging by paracrine signal secretion. However, the altered interrelationship between dWAT and HF with aging has not been thoroughly understood. Here, through microdissection, we separated dWAT from the skin of aged mice (18 months) and young mice (2 months) in telogen and depilation-induced anagen for transcriptome comparing. Notably, compared with young dWAT, aberrant inflammatory regulators were recapitulated in aging dWAT in telogen, including substantial overexpressed inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and prostaglandin members. Nonetheless, with anagen initiation, inflammation programs were mostly abolished in aging dWAT, and instead of which, impaired collagen biosynthesis, angiogenesis, and melanin synthesis were identified. Furthermore, we confirmed the inhibitory effect on hair growth of CXCL1, one of the most significantly upregulated inflammation cytokines in aging dWAT. Besides this, we also identified the under-expressed genes related to Wnt signaling fibroblast growth factor family members and increased BMP signaling in aging dWAT, further unraveling the emerging role of dWAT in aging HFs malfunction. Finally, we proved that relieving inflammation of aging dWAT by injecting high-level veratric acid stimulated HF regenerative behavior in aged mice. Concomitantly, significantly decreased TNF-a, CCL2, IL-5, CSF2, and increased IL10 in dWAT was identified. Overall, the results elaborated on the complex physiological cycling changes of dWAT during aging, providing a basis for the potential regulatory effect of dWAT on aging HFs.

The role of methionine and cystine in the growth and viability of secondary hair follicles of the Cashmere goat in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 175-175
Author(s):  
M. Souri ◽  
H. Galbraith ◽  
J.R. Scaife
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Monomeric Form ◽  
Cashmere Goat ◽  
Heterogenous System ◽  
Hair Fibre

A supply of sulphur-containing amino acids is essential for the growth of hair fibre in animals.The main sulphur-containing amino acid quantitatively required for the synthesis of fibre protein is cystine or its monomeric form cysteine,which may be absorbed from the digestive tract or converted from methionine via the transulphuration pathway.The predominant sites of the transulphuration pathway in ruminants are the liver (Radcliffe and Egan,1978)and the heterogenous system in the skin (Downes et al,1964).The aims of the study were to determine the importance of the supply of cystine and methionine for the growth and viability of the cashmere secondary hair follicle in vitro and to investigate whether cystine could successfully be replaced by methionine in this homogenous system.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document