Ambulance Stretcher Suspensions

1985 ◽  
Vol 199 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
C W Stammers ◽  
D Leysbon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Coil Spring ◽  
Electric Actuator ◽  
Initial Testing ◽  
Load Variation ◽  
Simple Mechanism ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Patient Load

Existing methods for vibration isolation of patients transported by ambulance are discussed. Some alternative suspensions are outlined and a relatively simple mechanism analysed. This can give virtually constant vertical natural frequency over a wide range of patient load. Variation in pitch natural frequency can also be minimized at the expense of some variation in vertical natural frequency. The elements used are a coil spring, load arm and an electric actuator. Initial testing of the mechanism has been made to confirm the feasibility of the concept.

Vibration control of an unbalanced system using a quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolator with fluidic actuators and composite material: An experimental study

2022 ◽  
pp. 107754632110514
Author(s):  
Sivakumar Solaiachari ◽  
Jayakumar Lakshmipathy
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Nonlinear Vibration ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Vibration Isolator ◽  
Coil Spring ◽  
Linear Type ◽  
Fluidic Actuators ◽  
Isolation Performance

In this study, a new type of vibration isolator based on fluidic actuators and a composite slab was tested experimentally with an unbalanced disturbance. Quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolation techniques are advanced and provide effective isolation performance for non-nominal loads. The isolation performance of the proposed isolator was compared to that of a nonlinear vibration isolator equipped with fluidic actuators and a mechanical coil spring (NLVIFA). The NLVIFA system is better suited to non-nominal loads; however, the mechanical spring axial deflection leads to limited amplitude reduction in the system. To address this issue, a cross buckled slab was developed to replace a mechanical coil spring for absorbing vertical deflection by transverse bending, which is made of a specially developed composite material of Basalt fiber reinforced with epoxy resin and enhanced with graphene nano pellets. This current study was concerned with the theoretical analysis and experimental investigations of the proposed nonlinear vibration isolator with fluidic actuators and composite material (NLVIFA-CM), which performs under quasi-zero stiffness characteristics. Because of its reduced axial deflection, the theoretical and experimental results show that the NLVIFA-CM system outperforms the NLVIFA system and other linear type vibration isolators in terms of isolation performance. Furthermore, the proposed vibration isolator makes a significant contribution to low-frequency vibration.

Low Frequency Vibration Isolation Through an Active-on-Active Approach: Coupling Effects

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiao Sun ◽  
Robert A. Wolkow ◽  
Mark Salomons
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Noise Cancellation ◽  
Frequency Noise ◽  
Active Stage ◽  
Coupling Effects ◽  
Active Approach ◽  
Low Frequency Vibration ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coupling Characteristics

The extreme sensitivity of a scanning probe microscope demands an exceptional noise cancellation device that could effectively cut off a wide range of vibration noise. Existing commercial devices, although excellent in canceling high frequency noise, commonly leave low frequency vibration unattenuated. We design an add-on active stage that can function together with a standalone existing active stage. The objective is to provide a higher level of noise cancellation by lowering the overall system cut-off frequency. This study is concerned with the theoretical aspects of the coupling characteristics involved in stacking independently designed stages together to form a two-stage isolator. Whether an add-on stage would pose a stability threat to the existing stage needs to be addressed. In addition, we explore the use of coupling effects to optimize the performance of the overall system.

Analysis of Residual Stresses on the Vibration of a Circular Sensor Diaphragm with Surface Effects

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-S. Zhou ◽  
S.-J. Zhou ◽  
A.-Q. Li ◽  
B.-L. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Plate Theory ◽  
Surface Elasticity ◽  
Surface Effects ◽  
Transition Range ◽  
Biochemical Sensors ◽  
Tension Parameter ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractResonant micro-biochemical sensors play important roles in a wide range of emerging applications to detect biochemical molecules. As the resonators of micro-biochemical sensors, the vibration characteristics of circular sensor diaphragms are important for the design of diaphragm-based resonant micro-biochemical sensors. In this paper, the influence of residual stresses on the vibration of a circular sensor diaphragm with surface effects is analyzed. Based on the Kirchhoff's plate theory and surface elasticity theory, the governing equation is presented. The material characteristic lengths for different surface effects are obtained. The influences of residual stresses on the effective flexural rigidity and natural frequency of the diaphragm with surface effects are discussed. Results show that the influence of residual stresses on the effective flexural rigidity becomes obvious with the increasing of residual stresses. The first order natural frequency increases rapidly when the tension parameter is larger than 30 for the stiffened surfaces, while for the softened surfaces the value is 10. Moreover, surface effects can influence the transition range of diaphragm from the plate behavior to membrane behavior in terms of the tension parameter. The transition range can be enlarged by the stiffened surface and be shortened by the softened surface. The analysis and results are helpful for the design of sensor diaphragm-based resonant micro-biochemical sensors and some related researches.

Maximizing the Fundamental Natural Frequency of Triangular Composite Plates

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Abrate
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Ritz Method ◽  
Laminated Composite ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Mode Shapes ◽  
Fundamental Natural Frequency ◽  
Wide Range

While many advances were made in the analysis of composite structures, it is generally recognized that the design of composite structures must be studied further in order to take full advantage of the mechanical properties of these materials. This study is concerned with maximizing the fundamental natural frequency of triangular, symmetrically laminated composite plates. The natural frequencies and mode shapes of composite plates of general triangular planform are determined using the Rayleigh-Ritz method. The plate constitutive equations are written in terms of stiffness invariants and nondimensional lamination parameters. Point supports are introduced in the formulation using the method of Lagrange multipliers. This formulation allows studying the free vibration of a wide range of triangular composite plates with any support condition along the edges and point supports. The boundary conditions are enforced at a number of points along the boundary. The effects of geometry, material properties and lamination on the natural frequencies of the plate are investigated. With this stiffness invariant formulation, the effects of lamination are described by a finite number of parameters regardless of the number of plies in the laminate. We then determine the lay-up that will maximize the fundamental natural frequency of the plate. It is shown that the optimum design is relatively insensitive to the material properties for the commonly used material systems. Results are presented for several cases.

Experimental Investigations on the Contour Generation of a Reconfigurable Stewart Platform

2013 ◽  
pp. 291-301
Author(s):  
G. Satheesh Kumar ◽  
T. Nagarajan
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Stewart Platform ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Variable Geometry ◽  
Optimum Geometry ◽  
Complete Set

Reconfiguration of Stewart platform for varying tasks accentuates the importance for determination of optimum geometry catering to the specified task. The authors in their earlier work (Satheesh et al., 2008) have indicated the non availability of an efficient holistic methodology for determining the optimum geometry. Further, they have proposed a solution using the variable geometry approach through the formulation of dimensionless parameters in combination with generic parameters like configuration and joint vector. The methodology proposed provides an approach to develop a complete set of design tool for any new reconfigurable Stewart platform for two identified applications viz., contour generation and vibration isolation. This paper details the experimental investigations carried out to validate the analytical results obtained on a developed Stewart platform test rig and error analysis is performed for contour generation. The experimental natural frequency of the developed Stewart platform has also been obtained.

On Categorization of Seismic Load As Primary or Secondary for Piping Systems With Hardening Capacity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre B. Labbé
Keyword(s):  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Response Spectrum ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Effective Stiffness ◽  
Linear Oscillator ◽  
Seismic Load ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Piping Systems ◽  
Non Linear Oscillator

The concept of primary/secondary categorization is first reviewed and generalized for its application to a non-linear oscillator subjected to a seismic load. Categorizing the seismic load requires calculating the input level associated with the oscillator ultimate capacity and comparing it to the level associated with the plastic yield. To resolve this problem, it is assumed that the non-linear oscillator behaves like a linear equivalent oscillator, with an effective stiffness (or frequency) and an effective damping. However, as it is not a priori possible to predict the equivalent stiffness and damping, a wide range of possibilities is systematically considered. The input motion is represented by its conventional response spectrum. It turns out that key parameters for categorization are i) the “effective stiffness factor” (varying from 0 for perfect damage behaviour to 1 for elastic-perfectly plastic) and the slope of the response spectrum in the vicinity of the natural frequency of the oscillator. Effective damping and spectrum sensitivity to damping play a second order role. A formula is presented that enables the calculation of the primary part of a seismically induced stress as a function of both the oscillator and input spectrum features. The formula is also presented in the form of a diagram. This paper follows-up on a similar paper presented by the author at the PVP 2017 Conference [1]. The new development introduced here is that the oscillator exhibits hardening capacity, while no hardening was assumed in [1]. It appears that the conclusions are slightly modified but the trend is very similar to the non-hardening case. Regarding piping systems, it appears that even when experiencing large plastic strains under beyond design input motions, their observed effective frequency is very close to their natural frequency, decreasing only by a few percents (experimental data from USA, Japan and India are processed). These observations lead to the conclusion that the seismic load, or the seismically induced inertial seismic strains, should basically be regarded as secondary.

scholarly journals Study of the Mechanical Properties and Vibration Isolation Performance of a Molecular Spring Isolator

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muchun Yu ◽  
Xue Gao ◽  
Qian Chen
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Response ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Influence Factors ◽  
Nanoporous Materials ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Isolation Technique ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Vibration Isolation Performance ◽  
Isolation Performance

Molecular Spring Isolator(MSI) is a novel passive vibration isolation technique, providingHigh-Static-Low-Dynamic(HSLD) stiffness based on the use ofmolecular springmaterial. Themolecular springmaterial is a solid-liquid mixture consisting of water and hydrophobic nanoporous materials. Under a certain level of external pressure, water molecules can intrude into the hydrophobic pores of nanoporous materials, developing an additional solid-liquid interface. Such interfaces are able to store, release, and transform mechanical energy, providing properties like mechanical spring. Having been only recently developed, the basic mechanic properties of a MSI have not been studied in depth. This paper focuses on the stiffness influence factors, the dynamic frequency response, and the vibration isolation performance of a MSI; these properties help engineers to design MSIs for different engineering applications. First, the working mechanism of a MSI is introduced from a three-dimensional general view of the water infiltration massive hydrophobic nanoporous pores. Next, a wide range of influence factors on the stiffness properties of MSI are studied. In addition, thefrequency response functions(FRFs) of the MSI vibration isolation system are studied utilizing the matching method based on equivalent piecewise linear (EPL) system. Finally, the vibration isolation properties of MSI are evaluated by force transmissibility.

Design of High Ratio Gear Reducer Using Vernier Differential Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaehyeock Chang ◽  
Inbae Chang
Keyword(s):  
Static Analysis ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Tooth Profile ◽  
Planetary Gears ◽  
Simple Mechanism ◽  
Involute Gear ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vernier Effect ◽  
Internal Gear

Abstract In this study, we propose a high ratio involute gear reducer using the Vernier effect, so-called Vernier drive. Our design consists of a fixed internal gear, a rotating internal gear, and single-profile planetary gears, which are mounted on a carrier and simultaneously mesh with both internal gears. Since the mechanism requires a design beyond the conventional gear meshing principles, a method to modify the tooth profile of the rotating internal gear is introduced and mathematically verified with exact geometric relations. The performance of the Vernier drive is theoretically studied by quasi-static analysis, and the operation is tested with additively manufactured prototypes. The results demonstrate that the Vernier drive is able to cover a wide range of reduction ratios with a simple mechanism.

scholarly journals Dynamically variable negative stiffness structures

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. e1500778 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Churchill ◽  
David W. Shahan ◽  
Sloan P. Smith ◽  
Andrew C. Keefe ◽  
Geoffrey P. McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Dynamic Stiffness ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Variable Stiffness ◽  
Negative Stiffness ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Vibration Isolators ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Engineered Systems ◽  
Tunable Stiffness

Variable stiffness structures that enable a wide range of efficient load-bearing and dexterous activity are ubiquitous in mammalian musculoskeletal systems but are rare in engineered systems because of their complexity, power, and cost. We present a new negative stiffness–based load-bearing structure with dynamically tunable stiffness. Negative stiffness, traditionally used to achieve novel response from passive structures, is a powerful tool to achieve dynamic stiffness changes when configured with an active component. Using relatively simple hardware and low-power, low-frequency actuation, we show an assembly capable of fast (<10 ms) and useful (>100×) dynamic stiffness control. This approach mitigates limitations of conventional tunable stiffness structures that exhibit either small (<30%) stiffness change, high friction, poor load/torque transmission at low stiffness, or high power active control at the frequencies of interest. We experimentally demonstrate actively tunable vibration isolation and stiffness tuning independent of supported loads, enhancing applications such as humanoid robotic limbs and lightweight adaptive vibration isolators.

Modeling and Control Analysis of a 3-PUPU Dual Compliant Parallel Manipulator for Micro Positioning and Active Vibration Isolation

2011 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yun ◽  
Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
Vibration Control ◽  
Parallel Manipulator ◽  
Vibration Isolation ◽  
Active Vibration Control ◽  
Parallel Robots ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Isolation System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Vibration ◽  
Active Vibration Isolation

In recent years, many applications in precision engineering require a careful isolation of the instrument from the vibration sources by adopting active vibration isolation system to achieve a very low remaining vibration level, especially for the very low frequency under 10 Hz vibration signals. This paper presents a 3-PUPU dual parallel manipulator for both rough positioning and active vibration isolation in a wide-range workspace based on our previous research experiences in the systematical modeling and study of parallel robots. The manipulator is designed as a kind of macro/micro hybrid robot. Both the kinematics model for macro motion and dynamics model for micro motion are established by using stiffness equation and the Kane’s method, respectively. An active vibration control strategy is described by using the H2 method. Moreover, numerical simulations on the inverse solution for macro motion, workspace, and the active vibration control effects are performed at the end of this paper.

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