An anthropomorphic maxillofacial phantom using 3-dimensional printing, polyurethane rubber and epoxy resin for dental imaging and dosimetry

2021 ◽  
pp. 20200323
Author(s):  
Sawyer Rhae Badiuk ◽  
David K Sasaki ◽  
Daniel W Rickey
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Strontium Carbonate ◽  
Ct Number ◽  
Dental Imaging ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Body Tissues

Objective: The aim of this study was to construct an anthropomorphic maxillofacial phantom for dental imaging and dosimetry purposes using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and materials that simulate the radiographic properties of tissues. Methods: Stereolithography photoreactive resins, polyurethane rubber and epoxy resin were modified by adding calcium carbonate and strontium carbonate powders or glass bubbles. These additives were used to change the materials’ CT numbers to mimic various body tissues. A maxillofacial phantom was designed using CT images of a head. Results: Commercial 3D printing resins were found to have CT numbers near 120 HU and were used to print intervertebral discs and an external skin for the maxillofacial phantom. By adding various amounts of calcium carbonate and strontium carbonate powders the CT number of the resin was raised to 1000 & 1500 HU and used to print bone mimics. Epoxy resin modified by adding glass bubbles was used in assembly and as a cartilaginous mimic. Glass bubbles were added to polyurethane rubber to reduce the CT number to simulate soft tissue and filled spaces between the printed anatomy and external skin of the phantom. Conclusion: The maxillofacial phantom designed for dental imaging and dosimetry constructed using 3D printing, polyurethane rubbers and epoxy resins represented a patient anatomically and radiographically. The results of the designed phantom, materials and assembly process can be applied to generate different phantoms that better represent diverse patient types and accommodate different ion chambers.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Silk Fibroin-Based Hydrogels and Their Potential as Material for 3-Dimensional (3D) Printing

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3887
Author(s):  
Watcharapong Pudkon ◽  
Chavee Laomeephol ◽  
Siriporn Damrongsakkul ◽  
Sorada Kanokpanont ◽  
Juthamas Ratanavaraporn
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure Stability ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Critical Technology ◽  
Box Structure ◽  
High Degree

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is regarded as a critical technology in material engineering for biomedical applications. From a previous report, silk fibroin (SF) has been used as a biomaterial for tissue engineering due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity and robust mechanical properties which provide a potential as material for 3D-printing. In this study, SF-based hydrogels with different formulations and SF concentrations (1–3%wt) were prepared by natural gelation (SF/self-gelled), sodium tetradecyl sulfate-induced (SF/STS) and dimyristoyl glycerophosphorylglycerol-induced (SF/DMPG). From the results, 2%wt SF-based (2SF) hydrogels showed suitable properties for extrusion, such as storage modulus, shear-thinning behavior and degree of structure recovery. The 4-layer box structure of all 2SF-based hydrogel formulations could be printed without structural collapse. In addition, the mechanical stability of printed structures after three-step post-treatment was investigated. The printed structure of 2SF/STS and 2SF/DMPG hydrogels exhibited high stability with high degree of structure recovery as 70.4% and 53.7%, respectively, compared to 2SF/self-gelled construct as 38.9%. The 2SF/STS and 2SF/DMPG hydrogels showed a great potential to use as material for 3D-printing due to its rheological properties, printability and structure stability.

Three-Dimensional Printing: Current Use in Rhinology and Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 770-781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher M. Low ◽  
Jonathan M. Morris ◽  
Daniel L. Price ◽  
Jane S. Matsumoto ◽  
Janalee K. Stokken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Education ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Skull Base ◽  
Surgical Planning ◽  
Skull Base Surgery ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Educational Practice ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery ◽  
Surgical Teaching

Background In the discipline of rhinology and endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS), 3-dimensional (3D) printing has found meaningful application in areas including preoperative surgical planning as well as in surgical education. However, its scope of use may be limited due to the perception among surgeons that there exists a prohibitively high initial investment in resources and time to acquire the requisite technical expertise. Nevertheless, given the ever decreasing cost of advancing technology coupled with the need to understand the complex spatial relationships of the paranasal sinuses and skull base, the use of 3D printing in rhinology and ESBS is poised to blossom. Objective Help the reader identify current or potential future uses of 3D printing technology relevant to their rhinologic clinical or educational practice. Methods A review of published literature relating to 3D printing in rhinology and ESBS was performed. Results Results were reviewed and organized into 5 overarching categories including an overview of the 3D printing process as well as applications of 3D printing including (1) surgical planning, (2) custom prosthetics and implants, (3) patient education, and (4) surgical teaching and assessment. Conclusion In the discipline of rhinology and ESBS, 3D printing finds use in the areas of presurgical planning, patient education, prosthesis creation, and trainee education. As this technology moves forward, these products will be more broadly available to providers in the clinical and educational setting. The possible applications are vast and have great potential to positively impact surgical training, patient satisfaction, and most importantly, patient outcomes.

Accurate Location of Bone Tunnel in Reconstruction of Coracoclavicular Ligament Based on Three-Dimensional Printing Navigation Module Technology: Virtual Model Vs. Real Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Guo-You Wang ◽  
Yu-Feng Jin ◽  
Lu-Jing Xiong ◽  
Si-Yuan He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Optimization Design ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Bone Tunnel ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
The Real ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Real Model ◽  
Dual Source

Abstract Background: Reconstruction of coracoclavicular (CC) ligament has become a fundamental surgical method for acromioclavicular (AC) joint dislocation. Finding accurate location of bone tunnel is a key step in reconstruction of CC ligament. This study aims to explore accurate location of bone tunnel in reconstruction of CC ligament in virtual model vs. real model based on 3-dimensional (3D) printing navigation module technology. Methods: Eighty human shoulders including clavicle and scapula were scanned by dual-source computed tomography (CT). CT scans of shoulder joints including clavicle and scapula were imported and repositioned by Mimics 19.0 software to form a whole model, then find the best bone tunnel through digital optimization design. Next, in Mimics 19.0 and Geomagic Studio software, form the clavicle navigation module as virtual model for 3D printing, thus generate real model. Then 10 parameters of a real bone tunnel and virtual bone tunnel could be measured and compared.Results: Eighty human shoulders including clavicle and scapula were designed and printed successfully. Then 10 parameters of the real and virtual bone tunnel were recorded and compared. No difference was significantly found between the real and virtual bone tunnel in 10 parameters (p>0.05). Conclusions: Based on 3D printing navigation module technology, it was reliable to determine accurate location of bone tunnel for reconstruction of CC ligament, which could reduce the complications.

scholarly journals The Application of three-dimensional modelling in acetabular surgery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
The Annals of Research
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
3D Modelling ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Dimensional Printing

Background: The emerging Three-dimensional (3D) modelling improves intraoperative visualization, management, and analysis of available imaging data, the 3D form of available image, provides the surgeon with a better comprehension of the geometry, size, and exact relationship between target and normal tissue. The role of 3D modelling in orthopedic pelvic and hip surgical planning is brought to focus.Methods: The Medline database was searched using the keywords 3D printing, three dimensional printing, 3 dimensional printing and the results were screened for pelvis and hip surgery related full text articles. The duplicates and non-related articles were removed.Results: The articles were used to build a review with focus on Acetabulum, Pelvis, Hip and sacrum. We found that the role of 3D printing is non-negligible. The advances made with the help of 3D printing are wonderful and promising. The use of 3D saw its application in many fields. But the orthopedic surgery to our observance has benefitted the most till now.Conclusions: With the advances in the technology it is needed to make the 3D modelling easier, quicker, accurate, cost effective and reliable to help implement its deeper use in orthopedics. The authors believe that the 3D printing is an enormous help for the orthopedic surgeons which will only lead to positive outcomes.

scholarly journals Three dimensional (3D) printing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Fiedor ◽  
Joanna Ortyl
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Liquid Crystal Display ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Objects ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
Optical Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Printing Processes

The following article introduces technologies that build 3 dimensional (3D) objects by adding layer-upon-layer of material, called also additive manufacturing technologies.  Furthermore most important features supporting the conscious choice of 3D printing methods for applications in micro and nanomanufacturing were covered. The micromanufacturing method covers photopolymerisation based methods such as Stereolithography (SLA), Digital Light Processing (DLP), Liquid Crystal Display – DLP coupled method, Two-Photon Polymerisation (TPP) and Inkjet based methods. Functional photocurable materials, with magnetic, conductive or specific optical applications in the 3D printing processes were also reviewed. 

scholarly journals REDEFINING PROSTHODONTICS WITH 3D PRINTING

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (07) ◽  
pp. 1093-1100
Author(s):  
Chetna Grover ◽  
◽  
Pankaj Dhawan ◽  
Shivam Singh Tomar ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Digital Dentistry ◽  
Digital Revolution ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Surgical Guides ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Dimensional Object

Dentistry is amidst a digital revolution and patients are the definitive recipients of these innovative technological advancements. Three-dimensional (3D) printing is no more considered the future, but isthe reality for daily clinical practice. The term 3D printing, additionally referred as rapid prototyping, is commonly used to depict an additive manufacturing method which adds numerous layers under computerized control in order to create a three-dimensional object. Using this procedure, 3-Dimensional printed restorations, crowns, bridges, surgical guides and implants can be manufactured rapidly with extreme accuracy and precision. The benefits of this innovative technique exceed its drawbacks. 3D printing has prompted a change in digital dentistry with its broad learning, penetrating opportunities and a wide scope of applications. This article will facilitate an understanding of the digital workflow, methods and current uses of 3D printing in prosthetic dentistry.

scholarly journals 3D printing-A Review of Materials, Applications, and Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
Sachin J. Pandhare
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mix Design ◽  
Concrete Technology ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Construction Engineering ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

Abstract: Now a days 3-Dimensional Printing (3DP) technology is used world widely and it can actually print each and every thing with the desired computer program. In Construction engineering the challenges are like availability of skilled man power, time constraint, cost effectiveness and complicated shapes etc. But with the help of an automated machine, the 3D printing technology, has huge potential to have faster and more accurate construction of complex and more laborious works. This technology can build three-dimensional (3D) objects by connecting layers of materials and can be applied to convert waste and by-products into new materials. The 3DP in concrete construction is increasing thanks to its freedom in geometry, rapidness, formwork-less printing, low waste generation, eco-friendliness, cost-saving nature and safety. This paper attempts to review the digital printing technology introduced in the construction industry and the also highlights the impact on concrete technology. It also discusses about the materials used in 3DP, mix design, various applications and challenges in the construction industry. Keywords: 3D printing, Concrete, 3DCP, Mix design.

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction Using Stereo Pairs from Serial Thick Sections

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 562-563
Author(s):  
Robert Glaeser ◽  
Thomas Bauer ◽  
David Grano
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Serial Sections ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Stereo Imagery ◽  
Whole Mounts

In transmission electron microscopy, the 3-dimensional structure of an object is usually obtained in one of two ways. For objects which can be included in one specimen, as for example with elements included in freeze- dried whole mounts and examined with a high voltage microscope, stereo pairs can be obtained which exhibit the 3-D structure of the element. For objects which can not be included in one specimen, the 3-D shape is obtained by reconstruction from serial sections. However, without stereo imagery, only detail which remains constant within the thickness of the section can be used in the reconstruction; consequently, the choice is between a low resolution reconstruction using a few thick sections and a better resolution reconstruction using many thin sections, generally a tedious chore. This paper describes an approach to 3-D reconstruction which uses stereo images of serial thick sections to reconstruct an object including detail which changes within the depth of an individual thick section.

Design and calibration of an IVEM for general 3-dimensional imaging of non-diffracting materials

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1040-1041
Author(s):  
Neil Rowlands ◽  
Jeff Price ◽  
Michael Kersker ◽  
Seichi Suzuki ◽  
Steve Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Imaging ◽  
Tomographic Reconstruction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Microstructure ◽  
Image Translation ◽  
Digital Correlation ◽  
On Line ◽  
Mechanical Stage ◽  
Projection Angle

Three-dimensional (3D) microstructure visualization on the electron microscope requires that the sample be tilted to different positions to collect a series of projections. This tilting should be performed rapidly for on-line stereo viewing and precisely for off-line tomographic reconstruction. Usually a projection series is collected using mechanical stage tilt alone. The stereo pairs must be viewed off-line and the 60 to 120 tomographic projections must be aligned with fiduciary markers or digital correlation methods. The delay in viewing stereo pairs and the alignment problems in tomographic reconstruction could be eliminated or improved by tilting the beam if such tilt could be accomplished without image translation.A microscope capable of beam tilt with simultaneous image shift to eliminate tilt-induced translation has been investigated for 3D imaging of thick (1 μm) biologic specimens. By tilting the beam above and through the specimen and bringing it back below the specimen, a brightfield image with a projection angle corresponding to the beam tilt angle can be recorded (Fig. 1a).

scholarly journals Efficacy evaluation of three-dimensional printing assisted osteotomy guide plate in accurate osteotomy of adolescent cubitus varus deformity

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Wei Zhang ◽  
Xin Xiao ◽  
Wen-Cheng Gao ◽  
Yan Xiao ◽  
Su-Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Varus Deformity ◽  
Conventional Group ◽  
Intraoperative Blood Loss ◽  
Cubitus Varus ◽  
Guide Plate ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background This present study is aimed to retrospectively assess the efficacy of three-dimensional (3D) printing assisted osteotomy guide plate in accurate osteotomy of adolescent cubitus varus deformity. Material and methods Twenty-five patients (15 males and 10 females) with the cubitus varus deformity from June 2014 to December 2017 were included in this study and were enrolled into the conventional group (n = 11) and 3D printing group (n = 14) according to the different surgical approaches. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, osteotomy degrees, osteotomy end union time, and postoperative complications between the two groups were observed and recorded. Results Compared with the conventional group, the 3D printing group has the advantages of shorter operation time, less intraoperative blood loss, higher rate of excellent correction, and higher rate of the parents’ excellent satisfaction with appearance after deformity correction (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.019, P = 0.023). Nevertheless, no significant difference was presented in postoperative carrying angle of the deformed side and total complication rate between the two groups (P = 0.626, P = 0.371). Conclusions The operation assisted by 3D printing osteotomy guide plate to correct the adolescent cubitus varus deformity is feasible and effective, which might be an optional approach to promote the accurate osteotomy and optimize the efficacy.

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