scholarly journals Hydrogeological regime and groundwater occurence in the Anthemountas River Basin

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kazakis ◽  
K. Voudouris ◽  
G. Vargemezis ◽  
A. Pavlou
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Karst Aquifer ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Water Demands ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Porous Aquifers

The Anthemountas river basin is located in northern Greece and covers an area of 374 km2. The mountainous part of the basin consists of ophiolitic, crystalline and carbonate rocks, whereas the lowlands comprise Neogene and Quaternary sediments. Porous aquifers are developed in neogene and quaternary deposits of confined and/or unconfined conditions. Karstic aquifers are developed in the carbonate rocks and there are aquifers in the Mesozoic and Palaeozoic fissured rocks. The water demands of the basin are mainly met by the exploitation of the porous aquifers through a large number of boreholes (more than 1000). The aquifers of fissured rocks discharge through cold springs without significant flow rate. Thermal hot springs are recorded across the Anthemountas fault discharging a mixture of geothermal fluids and cold water from the karst aquifer. According to their hydrogeological and lithological characteristics, porous aquifers can be divided into the subsystems of Galatista and Galarinos in the eastern part of the Anthemountas basin, Vasilika-Risio-Thermi and Tagardes-Trilofos in the western part and Peraia-Agia Triada and AUTh farm-Makedonia airport in the coastal area. For the determination of the aquifers (geometry and anatomy), their recharge mechanisms and hydraulic connection, data from geological maps, lithological profiles, geoelectrical soundings and tomographies, pumping tests and groundwater level measurements are used.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemistry, Geothermometry, and Genesis of the Hot Springs in the Simao Basin in Southwestern China

Geofluids ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqi Zhang ◽  
Xun Zhou ◽  
Haisheng Liu ◽  
Mingxiao Yu ◽  
Kuo Hai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Metamorphic Rocks ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Red Beds ◽  
Incongruent Dissolution ◽  
Geothermal Waters ◽  
Isotopic Analyses

In the Simao Basin in southwest China widely occur red beds of poor permeability. Nevertheless, more than 100 springs exist in the basin, some of which are hot springs with varying temperature. Hot springs contain abundant information on hydrogeochemical processes and groundwater circulation. In this study, hydrochemical and isotopic analyses and mixed models are used to examine the sources of recharge, heat, and solutes of the hot springs to better understand the subsurface processes and formation mechanisms of different hot springs in the basin. Three types of springs are found in the Simao Basin: springs of HCO3-Na type occur in the metamorphic rocks, springs of HCO3-Ca(Mg) and Cl-HCO3-Na-Ca types in the carbonate rocks, and springs of Cl(SO4)-SO4(Cl)-HCO3-Na(Ca) type in the red beds. Data of δ2H and δ18O indicate that the hot springs in the Simao Basin are meteoric in origin. Incongruent dissolution is the dominant process affecting the chemical compositions of the spring waters. The hydrochemical constituents of the hot springs in the metamorphic rocks, carbonate rocks, and red beds are influenced by the weathering of albite and the dissolution of carbonate, gypsum, anhydrite, and halite. The geothermal waters are mixed with shallow cold waters in their ascending processes, and the mixing ratios of cold water range from 58% to 94%. Due to the effect of mixing, the reservoir temperatures (51°C-127°C) calculated with the quartz geothermometer are regarded as the minimum reservoir temperatures. More reliable reservoir temperatures (91°C-132°C) are estimated with the fixed-Al method. The following mechanisms contribute to the formation of hot springs in the Simao Basin: the groundwater receives recharge from infiltration of precipitation and undergoes deep circulation, during which groundwater is heated by heat flow and incongruently dissolves the subsurface minerals and emerges in the form of hot springs along the permeable fracture or fault zones.

Hot spring sinters: keys to understanding Earth's earliest life forms

2003 ◽  
Vol 40 (11) ◽  
pp. 1713-1724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt O Konhauser ◽  
Brian Jones ◽  
Anna-Louise Reysenbach ◽  
Robin W Renaut
Keyword(s):  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Geothermal Fluids ◽  
Terrestrial Hot Springs ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Physical Changes

The question of what composed the Earth's oldest fossils is the subject of current debate. At present, taphonomical determination of Archean silicified microfossils is largely based on morphological comparisons with extant microorganisms. This method has significant shortcomings because little is known about which types of bacteria silicify, what physical changes are induced on those species during mineralization, and, most importantly, what their preservation potential is. Terrestrial hot springs may help resolve these uncertainties because the silica-supersaturated geothermal fluids mineralize a wide variety of natural microbial communities and thus lead to the formation of numerous distinct biofacies. Some of these biofacies are reminiscent of Archean siliceous stromatolites from which the oldest microfossils were recovered. We suggest that by integrating molecular techniques that characterize the indigenous microbial populations growing in different biofacies with electron microscopy, we may be able to assess better what types of ancient microbes could have become fossilized.

Perencanaan Sistem Pengurangan Sampah Permukiman Bantaran Sungai Cidurian Kota Bandung

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raka Maulana ◽  
Yulianti Pratama ◽  
Lina Apriyanti
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
River Basin ◽  
River Flow ◽  
Waste Reduction ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
Waste Bank ◽  
The City

<p>Some areas in the city of Bandung is an area that dilitasi by the flow of the river, to prevent the introduction of garbage into the river basin is necessary to note the waste management systems in residential areas along the river. Cidurian river has a length of 24.86 Km along the river flow. Consists of the city of Bandung and Bandung regency. Administrative regions Cidurian River past eight (8) districts, from the region in the District Kiaracondong precisely Village Babakan Babakan Sari and Surabaya populous and the most densely populated. Thus, there should be community-based waste management in the form of a reduction in resources to prevent potential entry of waste into the river basin. Planning waste reduction will be divided into two, namely the reduction of inorganic waste with waste bank then the reduction of organic waste with absorption holes biopori, and bio reactor mini determination of the reduction is determined by the results of the analysis of the sampling covers the composition and garbage, then the result of the measurement characteristics test and analysis results questionnaire.</p>

scholarly journals Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Ultramafic Rocks from Rachoni Magnesite Mine, Gerakini (Chalkidiki, Northern Greece)

Minerals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 934
Author(s):  
Evangelos Tzamos ◽  
Micol Bussolesi ◽  
Giovanni Grieco ◽  
Pietro Marescotti ◽  
Laura Crispini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Ultramafic Rocks ◽  
Northern Greece ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Time In Literature ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Eu

The importance of magnesite for the EU economy and industry is very high, making the understanding of their genesis for the exploration for new deposits a priority for the raw materials scientific community. In this direction, the study of the magnesite-hosting ultramafic rocks can be proved very useful. For the present study, ultramafic rock samples were collected from the magnesite ore-hosting ophiolite of the Gerakini mining area (Chalkidiki, Greece) to investigate the consecutive alteration events of the rocks which led to the metallogenesis of the significant magnesite ores of the area. All samples were subjected to a series of analytical methods for the determination of their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics: optical microscopy, XRD, SEM, EMPA, ICP–MS/OES and CIPW normalization. The results of these analyses revealed that the ultramafic rocks of the area have not only all been subjected to serpentinization, but these rocks have also undergone carbonation, silification and clay alteration. The latter events are attributed to the circulation of CO2-rich fluids responsible for the formation of the magnesite ores and locally, the further alteration of the serpentinites into listvenites. The current mineralogy of these rocks was found to be linked to one or more alteration event that took place, thus a significant contribution to the metallo- and petrogenetic history of the Gerakini ophiolite has been made. Furthermore, for the first time in literature, Fe inclusions in olivines from Greece were reported.

Determination of Perfluorinated Compounds in the Upper Mississippi River Basin

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (11) ◽  
pp. 4103-4109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoji F. Nakayama ◽  
Mark J. Strynar ◽  
Jessica L. Reiner ◽  
Amy D. Delinsky ◽  
Andrew B. Lindstrom
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Perfluorinated Compounds ◽  
Mississippi River Basin ◽  
Upper Mississippi River ◽  
Upper Mississippi River Basin

scholarly journals Hydrochemical characteristics of the hot spring waters in the Kangding district related to the Lushan <i>M</i><sub>S</sub> 7.0 earthquake in Sichuan, China

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 7293-7308
Author(s):  
Z. Chen ◽  
X. Zhou ◽  
J. Du ◽  
C. Xie ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Hot Springs ◽  
Hot Spring ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Lushan Earthquake ◽  
Hydrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Hydrochemical Data ◽  
Deep Earth ◽  
Precipitation Water

Abstract. Hydrogeochemistry of 10 hot springs in the Kangding district was investigated by analyzing cation and anion concentrations of the spring waters. The water samples were collected within 5 days after the Lushan earthquake. The spring waters are classified into 7 chemical types based on the hydrochemical compositions. Comparison with the hydrochemical data before the Lushan earthquake, concentrations of Ca2+, HCO3− and TDS of the waters from the Guanding, Erdaoqiao, Gonghe, Erhaoying, Tianwanhe and Caoke springs evidently increased, which resulted from enhancing interaction between deep-earth fluids and carbonate rocks by the increment of dissolved CO2 in the groundwater. Concentrations of Na+, Cl− and SO42− of the waters from the Guanding, zheduotang, Xinxing and Gonghe springs were decreased, indicating dilution of precipitation water. Concentrations of Na+ and SO42− of the Erhaoying spring water increased, which may be attributed to the more supplement of fluids enriched in sulfur. The results indicate that hydrochemical components of spring water can be used as an effective indicator for earthquakes.

scholarly journals Determination of Recent Movements of Lithosphere in Regions with Chemogenic Sediments on the Surface in the Dinarides Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Almin Đapo ◽  
Boško Pribičević ◽  
Lidija Špiranec
Keyword(s):  
Carbonate Rocks ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Tectonic Activity ◽  
Surrounding Area ◽  
Isostatic Equilibrium ◽  
Tectonic Movements ◽  
Chemical Sediments ◽  
Carbonate Deposits ◽  
Significant Mass

Abstract In the area of carbonate or karst Dinarides, besides the dominant carbonate rocks and subordinate clastics, in more places more significant mass of chemical sediments can be found, represented by gypsum and anhydrite. As chemical sediments are specifically lighter than overlying rocks, they have been, during the long geological history, trying to achieve isostatic equilibrium, or get out on the ground surface. In recent times, in areas with chemical sediments, a larger tectonic activity is noted than in the wider environment. This is certainly reflected in increased vertical and tangential displacements along major faults in relation to the surrounding area, which are built mainly of carbonate deposits. Determining the amount of movement of diapiric bodies, as absolute and relative, using the most modern surveying methods, precisely would assist the understanding of the tectonic movements and recent structural relations in a wider area

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