scholarly journals Magnitude Scales in Central Greece

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kaviris ◽  
P. Papadimitriou ◽  
K. Makropoulos
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Moment Magnitude ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Gulf Of Corinth ◽  
Duration Magnitude ◽  
The Moment

The Gulf of Corinth is one of the most active tectonic rifts around the world. Data used in the present study are obtained by the four digital stations of the Cornet Network which was installed in 1995 around the Eastern Gulf of Corinth. A velocity model was calculated, while the majority of local events were located within the Gulf of Corinth. Main scope of the study is the determination of a reliable earthquake magnitude. Concerning the duration magnitude Mo, a multiple linear regression technique was developed for the determination of the constants α, β and γ with very satisfactory values of errors. The coefficient of determination (goodness of fit) R2 was found equal to 0.99. Following, the moment magnitude Mw, which is considered to be the most reliable magnitude scale, was determined. Spectral analysis was applied for the calculation of the seismic moment M0 and a seismic catalogue was created. After the determination of the moment magnitude Mw and of the duration magnitude MD for the same dataset, a relationship between them was obtained, according to which Mw is systematically larger than Mjy Relationships between these magnitudes, the local magnitude ML and the body wave magnitude mb  were also obtained.

scholarly journals Relationship between positive clinical VTO and post-treatment soft tissue profile following phase l growth modification therapy

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabbir Hussain ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Waheed Ul Hamid ◽  
Faiz Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Growth Modification ◽  
Treatment Profile

Introduction: Facial profile improvement is goal of cotemporary orthodontics and a reason to seek orthodontic therapy. The soft tissue profile plays a important role on orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between positive clinical VTO and actual post-treatment soft tissue profile after phase l therapy of growth modification in Class II. Materials & Method: Pretreatment simulation of post-treatment and actual post-treatment profile photographs of 30 class ll div l patients treated with twin block appliance were compared. Three profile photographs of each subject; pretreatment, positive clinical VTO and post-treatment were taken and on each photograph four angles; Nasofacial (NF), Nasomental (NM), Mentocervical (MC) and Nasolabial (NL) were drawn and measured. Mean, standard deviation, success and coefficient of determination of each angle was measured and linear regressions analysis was applied to find out the correlation. Result: Nasolabial and nasomental angles showed greater success i.e. 81.4% and 68.1% respectively showing greater correlation, while nasofacial and mentocervical angles showed less success i.e. 48.1% and 48.3% respectively showing less correlation. Linear regression analysis revealed that positive clinical VTO significantly predicted post-treatment profile whereas coefficient of determination for nasomental and mentocervical angles was 76.5% and 60% representing a better goodness of fit while nasolabial and nasofacial angles was 53.6% and 51.6% demonstrating poor fit of regression lines. Conclusion: Even though there is improved facial profile obtained by protracting the mandible into class l relation in a chair side maneuver in class ll div l malocclusions, yet the orthodontist should be tentative when predicting the outcome of growth modification to get benefit of this therapy.

scholarly journals Seismic Moment Tensor Solutions from GeoNet Data to Provide a Moment Magnitude Scale for New Zealand

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Elizabeth de Joux Robertson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Seismic Moment ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Moment Tensor Inversion ◽  
Moment Magnitude ◽  
Seismic Moment Tensor ◽  
Waveform Data ◽  
Moment Tensors ◽  
The Moment

<p>The aim of this project is to enable accurate earthquake magnitudes (moment magnitude, MW) to be calculated routinely and in near real-time for New Zealand earthquakes. This would be done by inversion of waveform data to obtain seismic moment tensors. Seismic moment tensors also provide information on fault-type. I use a well-established seismic moment tensor inversion method, the Time-Domain [seismic] Moment Tensor Inversion algorithm (TDMT_INVC) and apply it to GeoNet broadband waveform data to generate moment tensor solutions for New Zealand earthquakes. Some modifications to this software were made. A velocity model can now be automatically used to calculate Green's functions without having a pseudolayer boundary at the source depth. Green's functions can be calculated for multiple depths in a single step, and data are detrended and a suitable data window is selected. The seismic moment tensor solution that has either the maximum variance reduction or the maximum double-couple component is automatically selected for each depth. Seismic moment tensors were calculated for 24 New Zealand earthquakes from 2000 to 2005. The Global CMT project has calculated CMT solutions for 22 of these, and the Global CMT project solutions are compared to the solutions obtained in this project to test the accuracy of the solutions obtained using the TDMT_INVC code. The moment magnitude values are close to the Global CMT values for all earthquakes. The focal mechanisms could only be determined for a few of the earthquakes studied. The value of the moment magnitude appears to be less sensitive to the velocity model and earthquake location (epicentre and depth) than the focal mechanism. Distinguishing legitimate seismic signal from background seismic noise is likely to be the biggest problem in routine inversions.</p>

A new relationship between grain size and fall (settling) velocity in air

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene J. Farrell ◽  
Douglas J. Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Heuristic Method ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Fall Velocity ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Considerable Uncertainty

The fall velocity of natural sand grains is a fundamental attribute of sediment transport in fluid environments where particles may become partially or fully suspended. Several formulae have been proposed to calculate the fall velocity of particles in air, but there is considerable uncertainty about which is the most accurate or appropriate for a given set of environmental conditions. Five experiments that reported observations of fall velocity of different types of particles in air are described, evaluated, and compared. The experiment data were quality-controlled using four criteria: (1) particles had to have sufficient drop heights to attain their terminal fall velocity; (2) particles had to be in the range of sand sizes; (3) data identified as being problematic by the original authors were removed; and (4) particles comprise natural, irregular shaped sediments. The quality-controlled data were aggregated and analyzed using linear regression to obtain a relationship between grain size ( d, in mm) and fall velocity ( w0, in ms-1): [Formula: see text]. This is a statistically strong relationship with a coefficient of determination of 0.89 ( p < 0.001). This relationship can be regarded as a universal fall velocity model for natural, sand-sized particles falling through a static column of air. In terms of predictive analyses, our heuristic method outperforms alternative formulae and yields a better fit to the experimental data over the full range of sand sizes.

scholarly journals Conversion between the local magnitude (ML) and the moment magnitude (Mw) for earthquakes in the Croatian Earthquake Catalogue

Geofizika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-211
Author(s):  
Marijan Herak
Keyword(s):  
Aspect Ratio ◽  
Residual Analysis ◽  
Earthquake Catalogue ◽  
Moment Magnitude ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Local Magnitude ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
Mechanical Seismographs

Based on 153 earthquakes (1959–2020) listed in the Croatian Earthquake Catalogue, a conversion relation was obtained between the local magnitude ML,CR and the corresponding moment magnitude Mw as reported by the global and regional agencies. As errors were present in both variables the York regression was used. The best fit line is given by: MwL = (–0.106 ± 0.122) + (1.002 ± 0.027) ML,CR (coefficient of determination R2 = 0.90). The earthquakes considered occurred in Croatia and the neighbouring regions, and their local magnitudes ML,CR ranged between 3.5 and 6.5. Residual analysis suggests that an artificial positive magnitude shift of up to 0.3 magnitude units may have occurred in the early 1980s, when Wiechert mechanical seismographs were replaced by the instruments with velocity proportional recordings without proper recalibration of the magnitude formula. The slope of the regression close to 1.0 indicates that on the average the faults’ aspect ratio (width/length) is about 1/2.

scholarly journals Determination of Energy Absorption on Seat Regions of Footwear for the Obese

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4(136)) ◽  
pp. 76-80
Author(s):  
Selvaraj Mathivanan ◽  
Ranganathan Mohan ◽  
Palanisami Balachander
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Slope Angle ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Predictive Equation ◽  
Absorbed Energy ◽  
Heel Height ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
A Value

Ideal footwear with a design configuration is necessitated as a tool of rehabilitation to render therapeutic benefits, especially for obese individuals who are experiencing greater risk during locomotion. Energy absorption is found to depend on variables like heel height, slope angle and load exerted by the body mass index. Statistical analysis was carried out to formulate a predictive equation for absorbed energy. It was found that a heel height of 30 mm offers an optimum base for further design of footwear. A coefficient of determination (R2) with a value of 0.933 indicates that the model fits the experimental data nicely. Hence, 30 mm 20 degree is suggested for designing ideal footwear as it enables load dissipation and energy absorption to render foot-comfort benefits and advantages to the user.

scholarly journals The unborn child: history, philosophy and religion

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (34) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Maria Casandra Lucan
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Unborn Child ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
Exact Determination ◽  
Exact Moment ◽  
The Moment

Abstract All throughout history the unborn, and implicitly its protection, have been subject for academics and practitioners of various areas. The problem of the origin of the soul and the exact determination of the moment when it is united with the body was crucial in enabling us to define the exact moment when the human life begins, and, consequently, for providing proper protection for the unborn child. In this context visions of the Greek philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, Albertus Magnus and Thomas Aquinas, and of the Latin writer Tertullian, as well as Christian perspectives were analysed in order to identify the starting point of the human being to help determine the level of protection provided for the unborn in history. Finally, considering the fact that not even today has consensus been achieved concerning the beginning of human life, it was and still is difficult to provide proper legal protection for the unborn child, but in our opinion this is by far not impossible.

Linear inversion of body wave data—Part I: Velocity structure from traveltimes and ranges

Geophysics ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
LeRoy M. Dorman ◽  
R. S. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
Homogeneous Medium ◽  
Depth Resolution ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Linear Inversion ◽  
Partial Derivatives ◽  
Buoy Data ◽  
Derivatives Of

In a laterally homogeneous medium, the traveltime (T) and distance (X) for a ray with horizontal slowness p are linearly related to the depth Z(v) at which the velocity v = 1/p occurs. In order to exploit this linearity, we must infer the inverse velocity p from the observations of X, T pairs. Uncertainty in the determination of p causes correlation between the X and T observations. This correlation can be eliminated by rotation of the data into a coordinate system in which the covariance matrix is diagonal. These independent coordinates are, except for a scaling factor, the well‐known intercept time [Formula: see text] and a new variable [Formula: see text] The derivatives of T and X with respect to a depth‐velocity model contain singularities and so do those for ζ. These singularities can be quelled by representing the model as a stack of layers, each of which has a constant velocity gradient. Depth is then obtained by integration of the gradients. The sharpness of the partial derivatives of ζ w.r.t. the layer gradients indicates that ζ contains information in a more concentrated form than does τ. This manifests itself in smaller error bounds on the solution when ζ observations are used to supplement τ data. In the determination of ζ(p) from X,T data, an uncertainty principle or tradeoff applies. The delta‐like nature of the zeta partial derivatives means that the uncertainty in ζ will be closely related to the solution uncertainty and that we should choose in the parameterization the ζ, p pair which minimizes the uncertainty in ζ. This will avoid degrading the ultimate depth resolution achievable while still in the parameterization stage. We have applied these methods to sea floor hydrophone and surface buoy data from the Bengal Fan, and, we derive a model whose gradient is [Formula: see text] at the surface reaching [Formula: see text] at 500 m and remaining constant to at least 5.5 km.

Source processes of the 1981 Gulf of Corinth earthquake sequence from body-wave analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-477
Author(s):  
Won-Young Kim ◽  
Ota Kulhánek ◽  
Klaus Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Main Shock ◽  
Body Wave ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Waves ◽  
Earthquake Sequence ◽  
Wave Analysis ◽  
Normal Faulting ◽  
Source Characteristics ◽  
Gulf Of Corinth ◽  
Stress Drops

Abstract Teleseismic long-period body waves from the 24 February 1981 Gulf of Corinth earthquake and its two principal aftershocks of 25 February (02h35m) and 4 March (21h58m) 1981 are studied to determine source characteristics. Focal mechanisms, along with observed surface fault breaks, suggest that the Corinth earthquake sequence represents normal faulting due to the N-S trending extension. Depths of the three shocks, estimated by matching synthetic seismograms to observations, are found to lie between 4 and 12 km. The azimuthal variation of observed body-wave duration indicates that the main shock is a multiple event and that the main rupture occurred about 3 to 4 sec after a relatively small foreshock and propagated toward the W-NW. Seismic moments deduced from the body-wave synthetics are 8.1 ×1025, 2.7 ×1025, and 2.2 ×1025 dyne-cm for the main, 25 February and 4 March shocks, respectively. Average final displacements and stress drops are estimated to be 37 cm and 10 bars for the main shock (for a circular fault of radius 15 km); 22 cm and 8 bars for the 25 February shock, and 18 cm and 7 bars for the 4 March shock (for circular faults of radius 11 km). The striking features of the earthquake sequence are the low stress drops of the main shock and its two principal aftershocks, and the clear eastward migration of aftershock activities. The unusually long source-time function rise times (4 sec for the main shock, 2.5 sec for both aftershocks) and low stress drops suggest an overall slow energy release during the earthquake sequence.

scholarly journals Prediction of grasscutters (Thryonomis swinderianus) body weight from linear body measurements

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 264-271
Author(s):  
A. J. Henry ◽  
S. N. Ibe ◽  
B. O. Asuquo
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Linear Body

A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between linear body measurements (LBMs) and body weights of grasscutters at 2, 4 and 6 weeks of age. Simple linear correlation procedure was used to establish the strength of linear relationships and associations between the different linear body measurements with body weight. These parameters were also subjected to step-wise regression analysis. The goodness of fit (R2) was tested to determine the contribution of each independent variable measured to the prediction of the dependent variable, the body weight of grasscutters at different ages of 2, 4,6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 weeks. One hundred and thirty-nine (139) juvenile grasscutters obtained from 24 parents comprising of 18 does and 6 bucks were used for the study. Experimental animals were raised under a mixed feeding regime throughout the experimental period of 20 weeks. The linear body measurements assessed are head length (HL), body length (BL), heart girth (HG), ear length (EL) and tail length (TL). Correlation coefficients (r) between body measurements and weights were generally positive and significant (p < 0.01) at 2 weeks, demonstrating strong relationships between variables. At 4 weeks, correlation coefficients ranged from 0.013 to 0.829 whereas at 6 weeks values ranged from -0.230 to 0.859. Coefficient of determination (R2) varied from 0.926 to 0.997, 0.965 to 0.989 and 0.930 to 0.991 at 2, 4 and 6 weeks, respectively The positive correlation coefficients observed for body length and heart girth shows that these parameters can be improved upon for grasscutters raised under intensive management. Results from this study further revealed that body weight of grasscutters can be estimated under field condition using the ear,head, body lengths and heart girth in the absence of a weighing balance.

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