scholarly journals STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION OF PRECIPITATION IN DISTRICT OF EASTERN MACEDONIA AND THRACE FOR THE PERIOD 1964 -1998

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Χ. Πεταλάς ◽  
Φ. Πλιάκας ◽  
Ι. Διαμαντής ◽  
Α. Καλλιώρας
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Mountainous Terrain ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Forested Areas ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Precipitation

This paper refers to the distribution and the quantitative approach of the precipitation of the Region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace for the period 1964 - 1998 and it is based on data from 64 meteorological stations. The distribution of the precipitation varies significantly according to each different location. The mountainous terrain plays a significant role on the distribution of precipitation while the low height of precipitation is easily observed within the coastal zone. The dense forested areas are characterized by high precipitation heights and flood events. The mean precipitation for the period 1964-1998 is 660 mm. The elaboration of the rainfall data shows a distinct reduction during 1964-1998 with a drought period between 1981 and 1993. December and November are found to be the most wet months, while it is observed that 70.2% of the precipitation occurs between October and March. It is estimated that 76% to 80% of the precipitation are lower than 10 mm. The percentage of annual precipitation which outflows and/or infiltrates ranges between 23.5% to 42.5%.

scholarly journals Tracing atmospheric nitrate in groundwater using triple oxygen isotopes: evaluation based on bottled drinking water

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 16493-16519
Author(s):  
U. Tsunogai ◽  
A. Suzuki ◽  
S. Daita ◽  
T. Ohyama ◽  
D. D. Komatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oxygen Isotopes ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Natural Background ◽  
Bottled Drinking Water ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrate ◽  
Forested Areas

Abstract. The stable isotopic compositions of nitrate dissolved in 49 types of bottled drinking water collected worldwide were determined, to trace the fate of atmospheric nitrate (NO3–atm) that had been deposited into subaerial ecosystems, using the 17O anomalies (Δ17O) of nitrate as tracers. The use of bottled water enables collection of groundwater recharged at natural, background watersheds. The nitrate in groundwater had small Δ17O values ranging from −0.2‰ to +4.5‰ (n = 49). The average Δ17O value and average mixing ratio of atmospheric nitrate to total nitrate in the groundwater samples were estimated to be 0.8‰ and 3.1%, respectively. These findings indicated that the majority of atmospheric nitrate had undergone biological processing before being exported from the surface ecosystem to the groundwater. Moreover, the concentrations of atmospheric nitrate were estimated to range from less than 0.1 μmol l−1 to 8.5 μmol l−1, with higher NO3–atm concentrations being obtained for those recharged in rocky, arid or elevated areas with little vegetation and lower NO3–atm concentrations being obtained for those recharged in forested areas with high levels of vegetation. Additionally, many of the NO3–atm-depleted samples were characterized by elevated δ15N values of more than +10‰. Uptake by plants and/or microbes in forested soils subsequent to deposition and the progress of denitrification within groundwater likely plays a significant role in the removal of NO3–atm.

scholarly journals Assessing the Response of Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency to Drought During and after Drought Events across Central Asia

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zou ◽  
Jianli Ding ◽  
Martin Welp ◽  
Shuai Huang ◽  
Bohua Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Legacy Effect ◽  
Ecosystem Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean

The frequency and intensity of drought are expected to increase worldwide in the future. However, it is still unclear how ecosystems respond to drought. Ecosystem water use efficiency (WUE) is an essential ecological index used to measure the global carbon–water cycles, and is defined as the carbon absorbed per unit of water lost by the ecosystem. In this study, we applied gross primary productivity (GPP), evapotranspiration (ET), land surface temperature (LST), and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data to calculate the WUE and drought index (temperature vegetation dryness index (TVDI)), all of which were retrieved from moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) data. We compared the mean WUE across different vegetation types, drought classifications, and countries. The temporal and spatial changes in WUE and drought were analyzed. The correlation between drought and WUE was calculated and compared across different vegetation types, and the differences in WUE between drought and post-drought periods were compared. The results showed that (1) ecosystems with a low (high) productivity had a high (low) WUE, and the mean ecosystem WUE of Central Asia showed vast differences across various drought levels, countries, and vegetation types. (2) The WUE in Central Asia exhibited an increasing trend from 2000 to 2014, and Central Asia experienced both drought (from 2000 to 2010) and post-drought (from 2011 to 2014) periods. (3) The WUE showed a negative correlation with drought during the drought period, and an obvious drought legacy effect was found, in which severe drought affected the ecosystem WUE over the following two years, while a positive correlation between WUE and drought was found in the post-drought period. (4) A significant increase in ecosystem WUE was found after drought, which revealed that arid ecosystems exhibit high resilience to drought stress. Our results can provide a specific reference for understanding how ecosystems will respond to climate change.

scholarly journals Hydrologic impact of climate change on Murray–Hotham catchment of Western Australia: a projection of rainfall–runoff for future water resources planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 3591-3614 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Islam ◽  
M. A. Bari ◽  
A. H. M. F. Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Emission Scenarios ◽  
Runoff Reduction ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Hydrologic Impact

Abstract. Reduction of rainfall and runoff in recent years across southwest Western Australia (SWWA) has attracted attention to the climate change impact on water resources and water availability in this region. In this paper, the hydrologic impact of climate change on the Murray–Hotham catchment in SWWA has been investigated using a multi-model ensemble approach through projection of rainfall and runoff for the periods mid (2046–2065) and late (2081–2100) this century. The Land Use Change Incorporated Catchment (LUCICAT) model was used for hydrologic modelling. Model calibration was performed using (5 km) grid rainfall data from the Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP). Downscaled and bias-corrected rainfall data from 11 general circulation models (GCMs) for Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios A2 and B1 was used in LUCICAT model to derive rainfall and runoff scenarios for 2046–2065 (mid this century) and 2081–2100 (late this century). The results of the climate scenarios were compared with observed past (1961–1980) climate. The mean annual rainfall averaged over the catchment during recent time (1981–2000) was reduced by 2.3% with respect to the observed past (1961–1980) and the resulting runoff reduction was found to be 14%. Compared to the past, the mean annual rainfall reductions, averaged over 11 ensembles and over the period for the catchment for A2 scenario are 13.6 and 23.6% for mid and late this century respectively while the corresponding runoff reductions are 36 and 74%. For B1 scenario, the rainfall reductions were 11.9 and 11.6% for mid and late this century and the corresponding runoff reductions were 31 and 38%. Spatial distribution of rainfall and runoff changes showed that the rate of changes were higher in high rainfall areas compared to low rainfall areas. Temporal distribution of rainfall and runoff indicate that high rainfall events in the catchment reduced significantly and further reductions are projected, resulting in significant runoff reductions. A catchment scenario map has been developed by plotting decadal runoff reduction against corresponding rainfall reduction at four gauging stations for the observed and projected periods. This could be useful for planning future water resources in the catchment. Projection of rainfall and runoff made based on the GCMs varied significantly for the time periods and emission scenarios. Hence, the considerable uncertainty involved in this study though ensemble mean was used to explain the findings.

scholarly journals Validation of HOAPS Rain Retrievals against OceanRAIN In-Situ Measurements over the Atlantic Ocean

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Karl Bumke ◽  
Robin Pilch Kedzierski ◽  
Marc Schröder ◽  
Christian Klepp ◽  
Karsten Fennig
Keyword(s):  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Perfect Agreement ◽  
Precipitation Measurement ◽  
Precipitation Estimates ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
High Precipitation ◽  
Observation Times ◽  
Spatial Threshold

The satellite-derived HOAPS (Hamburg Ocean Atmosphere Parameters and Fluxes from Satellite Data) precipitation estimates have been validated against in-situ precipitation measurements from optical disdrometers, available from OceanRAIN (Ocean Rainfall And Ice-phase precipitation measurement Network) over the open-ocean by applying a statistical analysis for binary estimates. In addition to using directly collocated pairs of data, collocated data were merged within a certain temporal and spatial threshold into single events, according to the observation times. Although binary statistics do not show perfect agreement, simulations of areal estimates from the observations themselves indicate a reasonable performance of HOAPS to detect rain. However, there are deficits at low and mid-latitudes. Weaknesses also occur when analyzing the mean precipitation rates; HOAPS underperforms in the area of the intertropical convergence zone, where OceanRAIN observations show the highest mean precipitation rates. Histograms indicate that this is due to an underestimation of the frequency of moderate to high precipitation rates by HOAPS, which cannot be explained by areal averaging.

CLOUDINESS IN THE POLISH COASTAL ZONE OF THE BALTIC SEA AND CONDITIONS FOR RECREATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Czesław Koźmiński ◽  
Bożena Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Summer Half ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bioclimatic Conditions ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Time Specific

Purpose. Determination of size, variability and gradient of cloudiness on the Polish coast of the Baltic sea during the summer half-year and identification of zones with variable suitability for recreation due to cloudiness. Method. The research is based on daily values of cloudiness in the warm half-year (April-September) recorded on a scale from 0 to 8 octants, obtained from six meteorological stations located on the Polish coast of the Baltic sea during the period 2000–2016. Methods of linear regression were used in the analysis of temporal variations of cumulative monthly deviations in cloudiness for consecutive years from the mean multiannual value. In terms of recreational suitability, days were categorised into four classes according to cloudiness. Three zones of varying conditions for recreation were identified. Results. The essential characteristic of cloudiness on the Polish coast of the Baltic sea is very high variability from one day to another and the resulting change in the value of solar radiation, which, consequently affects bioclimatic stimuli. Cumulative deviations of monthly cloudiness values from the mean multiannual value show a decrease in cloudiness in April, June and July, and an increase in the remaining months of the warm half-year. It is possible to distinguish three periods regarding increased frequency of clear and moderately clear weather lasting continuously for at least 3 and 5 days on the coastal zone in summer. The Polish coast of the Baltic sea is marked by three zones of varying conditions for recreation due to cloudiness in the summer – moderately favourable, favourable and very favourable. Research and conclusion limitations. Lack of access to time-specific results of cloudiness measurement. Practical implications. The results obtained in the course of this research may be used by individuals as well as the organizers of their stays, and for the purpose of characterisation of bioclimatic conditions of the coast. Originality. In view of the recent climatic changes recorded over the last 30 years, the present research demonstrates the current cloudiness level on the Polish coast of the Baltic sea. Type of research. Presentation of the results of empirical research.

The unusual floods and flood frequency in 1858–1878 dry period in Central and Western Europe

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libor Elleder ◽  
Ladislav Kašpárek ◽  
Jakub Krejčí ◽  
Jolana Šírová ◽  
Stanislav Racko
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Strong Winds

<p>According to the present knowledge, the second half of the 19<sup>th</sup> century meant the end of the Little Ice Age and gradual warming.  This is, however, undoubtedly a fairly simplified statement.  Our contribution presents the period of 1858–1878: (1) from the point of view of drought but also (2) regarding frequency of floods. The aggregation for this period of weather-driven risks such as droughts, floods, strong winds and high tides, is worth attention.  The length of the drought period of 1858–1878, the absolute value of rainfall deficits and the length of seasonal droughts, as well as their impacts, are a certain warning in terms of our present.</p><p>Surprisingly, in such a dry period we witness an accumulation of important and extreme flood episodes as well. The regional catastrophic floods of 1858, and winter extensive floods of 1862 and 1876, may serve as excellent examples.  Furthermore, the Elbe catchment recorded floods with return periods of 10–20 years in 1860, 1865 and 1872. For this period, an occurrence of intensive mesoscale flash flood events with extreme hydrological parameters, high number of fatalities and large damages are of the utmost importance (e.g. 1868-Switzerland, 1872-Czechlands, 1874- Catalonia, 1875-South France). Our contribution builds on earlier analysed flood events of 1872, 1875 and drought period presented at EGU earlier. The contribution stresses the analogies and differences with present situation in 2014–2019.  We mainly address the situation in Czech lands, Central Europe interpreted in wider European context.</p>

scholarly journals Persepsi Mahasiswa Tentang Penggunaan Aplikasi Turnitin Untuk Mencegah Tindak Plagiarisme di Perpustakaan Universitas Bina Darma Palembang

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 216
Author(s):  
Devi Sagita Putri ◽  
Budhi Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Data ◽  
Quantitative Approach ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Average Value ◽  
High Category ◽  
Scale Test ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Very High ◽  
Total Average

This research aims to determine the perseptions of 2015-2016 class students about the use of the Turnitin aplication to prevent plagiarism in the Library Universitas Bina Darma Palembang and to find out what aspect need to be improved. The type of research used is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The sample in this research were 365 respondents. The main data collections method is a questionnaire with a Likert Scale. Test the validity of the instrument using the Product Moment, while the realibility test used Cronbach Alpha, with calculations using SPSS 22.0 For Windows. The analysis data in this research used the Mean and Grand Mean formula. The result of the research be conclude that perseptions of 2015-2016 class students about the use of the Turnitin aplications to prevent plagiarism in the Bina Darma University Library in Palembang is a “Very High” category with a  total average value of (4,20), and are at interval 4,20-5,0.  While the aspect that must be improved is the aspect of affection (attitude), with the lowest average score (4,14) compared to other aspects.

scholarly journals MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE BOTTOM OF THE POTOU LAGOON OVER THE LAST TEN YEARS (COASTAL ZONE OF COTE D'IVOIRE)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
DIANGONE Eric ◽  
AKOBE Apie Colette ◽  
Amani Etché Mireille ◽  
MONDE Sylvain ◽  
COULIBALY Aoua
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Cote D'ivoire ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Côte D’Ivoire ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Type V ◽  
Bathymetric Map ◽  
Sedimentary Budget

This study with a morphology and hydrosedimentology character was done to carry out a with an understanding the evolution of the channels and sedimentation in Potou lagoon in Ivory Coast starting from the realization of the bathymetric map. The bathymetry of this lagoon avered that the depths are lower than 2.11 m out of 22 km2, and presente three types of channels. In fact the channels in "U" represent a balance between the agents of accumulation and erosion. Channels resulting from processes of erosion which are in "V" and channels intermediate indicating an evolution of the type "V" in "U". In particular during these fourteen last years the Potou lagoon has sudden great phenomenon of deposit is a volume of +66791000.18 m³of sediments deposed on a surface which is thus estimated at 65.2 % of chenal surface. These deposits are certainly causes of full high funds in this lagoon. The mean velocity of sedimentation on Potou lagoon is thus estimated at 26.5 cm/year. As for the erosion, it could be estimated at-8487601 m³ a volume of on a surface wich is thus estimated at 34 % of chenal surface. The sedimentary budget would be thus estimated at+58303398.68449 m³ on a surface of 12.45 m2. A surface which is thus estimated at 0.8 %hasn’t sudden phenomenon of deposit or erosion. The bathymetric chart and the sedimentary budget of Potou lagoon are tools necessary for use of the stretch of water by the users. Thus, the zones at the risks determined on the bathymetric chart, such as the high bottom and the points of swirl generated by the depressions, will be easily avoided.

scholarly journals Rainfall Distribution in the Upper East Region of Ghana, 1976 – 2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Boateng AMPADU ◽  
Isaac SACKEY ◽  
Eugene CUDJOE
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
East Region ◽  
Dry Spells ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Upper East Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Precipitation

The knowledge and understanding of rainfall distribution of a region are very essential and useful in determining the overall impacts of climate change, especially to the agricultural sector. Monthly rainfall data from 1976-2016 for five selected stations were acquired and subjected to various statistical techniques namely coefficient of variation, 5-year moving average and departure from the mean to obtain the variability and trends in the data. The results showed that the selected stations have uni-modal rainfall distribution and that the rain mostly starts in May and ends in September. High precipitation occurs in July, August and September, with August recording the highest amount with a low variability, indicating the reliable occurrence of precipitation within this period of the year. This is of high importance to farmers and the recharging of aquifers. The wettest station was Zuarungu, with a mean total monthly rainfall of 89.55 mm followed by Navrongo, Bolgatanga, Garu and Manga-Bawku with their respective mean total monthly rainfall as 81.08 mm, 80.59 mm, 79.64 mm and 78.86 mm. High annual variability was found in all the stations and long dry spells were observed from November to March. The rainfall season wet period is between July and September at all the stations and it is recommended that farmers should cultivate early-maturing crops and adopt irrigation farming practices as well as practices which utilize water efficiently.

scholarly journals Analysis of Decadal Rainfall and Temperature Trend in Warri, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Oyeleke Oluwaseun Oyerinde
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Trend ◽  
Monthly Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Total Rainfall ◽  
Monthly Temperature ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Using Data

This study investigates rainfall and temperature trend in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria using data derived from Nigerian Meteorological Agency between 2005 and 2015. Data was analyzed to reveal trend in temperature and rainfall values in the years under study and to determine whether there were significant variations. Analysis of rainfall data shows that 2007 had the lowest total rainfall over the 11 year period with a total annual rainfall of 2030.58 mm while 2015 was the year with the highest annual rainfall record of 3183.6 mm. The mean monthly Rainfall indicates that January has the lowest record of rainfall with a total of 36.9 mm while July is the month with highest value of 423.2 mm. Results further indicates that June has the lowest mean monthly temperature over the 11 year period of 20 ºC while March has the highest record of 29.6 ºC. Dominant temperature ranges between 26.1 oC and 26.8 ºC closely followed by 27.7–28.4 ºC which are quite close to the mean monthly values in the area. Analysis of rainfall data confirms an increasing trend.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document