scholarly journals Risks and seasonal pattern for mortality among hospitalized infants in a conflict-affected area of Pakistan, 2013-2016. A retrospective chart review.

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Babette van Deursen ◽  
Annick Lenglet ◽  
Cono Ariti ◽  
Barkat Hussain ◽  
Jaap Karsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Annual Peak ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Background: In recent years, Médecins Sans Frontières has observed high mortality rates among hospitalized infants in Pakistan. We describe the clinical characteristics of the infants admitted between 2013 and 2016 in order to acquire a better understanding on the risk factors for mortality.  Methods: We analyzed routinely collected medical data from infants (<7 months) admitted in Chaman and Dera Murad Jamali (DMJ) hospitals. The association between clinical characteristics and mortality was estimated using Poisson regression. Results: Between 2013 and 2016, 5,214 children were admitted (male/female ratio: 1.60) and 1,178 (23%) died. Days since admission was associated with a higher risk of mortality and decreased with each extra day of admission after seven days. The first 48 hours of admission was strongly associated with a higher risk of mortality. A primary diagnosis of tetanus, necrotizing enterocolitis, prematurity, sepsis and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were strongly associated with higher rates of mortality. We observed an annual peak in the mortality rate in September. Conclusions: The first days of admission are critical for infant survival. Furthermore, the found male/female ratio was exceedingly higher than the national ratio of Pakistan. The observed seasonality in mortality rate by week has not been previously reported. It is fully recommended to do further in-depth research on male/female ratio differences and the reasons behind the annual peaks in mortality rate by week.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Demographic, Clinical and Beyond Clinical Characteristics in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Rafsanjan City, Iran

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Amir Moghaddamahmadi ◽  
Pouria Yazdian-Anari ◽  
Siamak Kazemisufi ◽  
Alireza Vakilian ◽  
Aliasghar Ranjbartotoei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Mcdonald Criteria ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Mean

Background and objectives: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic and progressive autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that causes motor and sensory impairment and physical disability in patients. This study was conducted to determine the demographic, clinical, and beyond clinical characteristics in patients with multiple sclerosis to help identify common disabilities and better understand of the specific needs of these ones.Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 50 MS patients in Rafsanjan, Iran. A definitive diagnosis has been done according to neurologist and McDonald criteria. The neurologist conducted examinations. The demographic data were recorded using questionnaire. MRI images were analyzed with the help of radiologist and all data were analyzed using SPSS software.Results: The mean age was 33.81±8.38 years and male/female ratio was 7/42. According to data, 66.7% of the patients were suffering from relapsing-remitting type (RR) disease, and most lesions on MRI in these patients were observed in pyramidal and JuxtaCortical areas. The mean EDSS scores of patients was 1.46. The duration of disease and the number of attacks had a significant correlation with educational level (P<0.05); age was significantly associated with pyramidal, mental and sphincter symptoms (P<0.05).Conclusion: These results suggest that the prevalence of MS in women is higher than in men, especially among housekeeper women. Relapsing and remitting disease showed higher frequency.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Malignancies: An Eight Years Experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Binita Goyal ◽  
Mamata Sedhain ◽  
Suman Rai ◽  
Pratigya Subedi
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Histologic Grade ◽  
Common Site ◽  
Gastrointestinal Malignancies ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cancer Burden ◽  
Site Distribution ◽  
Pathologic Stage ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
High Degree

Background: Gastrointestinal malignancy constitutes a significant cancer burden in terms of mortality. They are most often detected late due to hidden location and lack of symptoms. This study was undertaken with an aim to see age and site distribution, histopathological spectrum, histologic grade and pathologic stage at presentation and to find correlation between histologic grade and pathologic stage at presentation. Methods: This retrospective chart review was carried on 161 cases of GI malignancies received in Department of Pathology of College of Medical Sciences and Teaching Hospital during a time period of 8 years from January 2012 to December 2019. Results: Age of the patients ranged from 16 to 93 years with a mean±SD of 57.3±16.3 years with maximum 36 (22.4%) cases in 51-60 years age group and a male female ratio of 1.4:1. 29 (18.0%) cases were seen at or below 40 years of age. Stomach was the most common site involved in 69 (42.9%) cases. Majority, 136 (84.5%) cases were adenocarcinoma. Majority, 48 (35.3%) cases of adenocarcinoma were Grade 2. Most 31 (45.0%) cases were Stage III at presentation. There was no statistical significant association between histologic grade and pathologic stage (p = 0.073). Conclusion: GI malignancy constitutes a significant cancer burden. Younger individuals are also considerably affected denoting a need of high degree of suspicion. Stomach was the most common site involved. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type. There was no association between histologic grade and pathologic stage at presentation (p > 0.05).

scholarly journals Evaluation of Biomarkers of Severity in Patients with COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3775
Author(s):  
Akitaka Yamamoto ◽  
Hideo Wada ◽  
Yuhuko Ichikawa ◽  
Hikaru Mizuno ◽  
Masaki Tomida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Severe Stage ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Laboratory Biomarkers ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Object: Although many Japanese patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) only experience mild symptoms, in some cases a patient’s condition deteriorates, resulting in a poor outcome. This study examines the behavior of biomarkers in patients with mild to severe COVID-19. Methods: The disease severity of 152 COVID-19 patients was classified into mild, moderate I, moderate II, and severe, and the behavior of laboratory biomarkers was examined across these four disease stages. Results: The median age and male/female ratio increased with severity. The mortality rate was 12.5% in both moderate II and severe stages. Underlying diseases, which were not observed in 45% of mild stage patients, increased with severity. An ROC analysis showed that C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, procalcitonin (PCT), hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly useful for the differential diagnosis of mild/moderate I stage and moderate II/severe stage. In the severe stage, Hb levels, coagulation time, total protein, and albumin were significantly different on the day of worsening from those observed on the day of admission. The frequency of hemostatic biomarker abnormalities was high in the severe disease stage. Conclusion: The evaluation of severity is valuable, as the mortality rate was high in the moderate II and severe stages. The levels of CRP, ferritin, PCT, albumin, and LDH were useful markers of severity, and hemostatic abnormalities were frequently observed in patients in the severe disease stage.

Younger Patients with CLL/SLL Are Less Frequent and Have Favorable Survival in a Canadian Population Based Study: The Manitoba Cohort.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 3335-3335
Author(s):  
Versha Banerji ◽  
Alain Demers ◽  
James B. Johnston ◽  
Marshall W. Pitz ◽  
Zoanne Nugent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Cancer Registry ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Canadian Population ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background: Detailed population-based clinical characteristics and outcomes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and small lymphocytic leukemia (SLL) are scarce. We have previously demonstrated in the province of Manitoba that by combining population-based sources of a cancer registry and a centralized flow cytometry database, the incidence of CLL/SLL is much higher than previously reported. We have now examined the clinical characteristics of this large and well defined patient group. We hypothesized that the clinical features of these patients (pts) may differ from previous studies where data was obtained from referral centers. Methods: All pts from the Manitoba Cancer Registry with ICD codes 9 & 10 for CLL or SLL from 01/01/1998 to 12/31/2003 were identified. Pts from the flow cytometry database during this time period with a diagnosis of CLL/SLL were also identified. A retrospective electronic chart review was conducted. The two databases were compared and analyzed. Results: 715 pts with CLL were identified. 358 pts were identified from the cancer registry alone, 136 pts by the flow cytometry database, and 221 pts in both datasets. Overall, the age-adjusted annual incidence rate of CLL/SLL in Manitoba was 10.5/105 (95% C.I. 9.4–12.7/105). Median age of all pts was 72yrs (19–101). Only 71 pts (9.9%) were aged <55 and 212 pts (29.6) were <65. The Male: Female ratio was identical in the age<55 and >55 categories (1.33). Median follow-up of living pts is 6.6 years (range 2.0–8.0). The Cox regression model was used to evaluate the significance of prognostic factors including age at diagnosis and gender. Older cases (>55 years) had significantly higher risk of dying (HR: 4.0, 95%CI: 1.23–13.1) than younger pts. Women had a slightly lower risk of dying (HR: 0.78, 95%CI: 0.40–1.50) than men. For the 136 pts for whom accurate Rai staging was available, estimated median survival has not been reached in stage 0 patients, while it was 7.2 years in stage I–II cases and 4.5 years in stage III–IV patients. Cause specific mortality and complete survival according to Rai stage for all pts will be presented at the meeting. Conclusions: In this population-based CLL/SLL cohort, clinical presentation and outcomes appear to differ from previously reported studies. Specifically, (1) there are fewer younger pts, (2) the male: female ratio is similar amongst all ages, (3) older pts have a significantly poorer survival, (4) pts with advanced Rai stages appear to live longer than previously reported. This has important implications for treatment and counseling of pts, as well as for resource allocation for this common hematological malignancy.

scholarly journals Serotype-specific outbreak of group B meningococcal disease in Iquique, Chile

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cruz ◽  
G. Pavez ◽  
E. Aguilar ◽  
L. Grawe ◽  
J. Cam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
South America ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group B

SUMMARYFrom 1979 to August 1987, there have been 178 cases of meningococcal disease in Iquique, Chile, a city of about 140000. The attack rate for the last 5 years has been in excess of 20/100000 per year, more than 20 times greater than for the country overall. The mortality rate was 6%. The disease occurred in patients with ages from 4 months to 60 years, but 89% of cases were in patients <21 years. The largest number of cases were in the age group 5–9 years (n= 54), but the highest incidence occurred in children less than 1 year of age (72·8/100000 per year). The male/female ratio was 1·2. Cases occurred all year round with little seasonal variation. Of the 178 cases, 173 were biologically confirmed. Serogroup analysis of strains from 135 patients revealed A = 1, B = 124, C = 10. Forty-four group B strains from 1985–7 were serotyped: 15:P1.3 = 36, 15:NT = 4, 4:P1.3 = 2, NT:NT = 2. Ten of 11 of the outbreak strains tested were sulfadiazine-resistant. This is the first recognized outbreak caused by a Gp B:15 strain in South America. It shares many of the characteristics of outbreaks caused by closely related strains in Europe, such as a predilection for older children and adolescents, sulfadiazine-resistance, and sustained high attack rates. The Iquique strain (B:15:P1.3) belongs to the same genetic clone (ET-5 complex) as the Norway (B:15:P1.16) and the Cuban (B:4:P1.15) strains.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of clinical characteristics and prognostic of adult patients admitted to an intensive care unit

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 1374-1383
Author(s):  
Glaucia Galvão ◽  
Ana Luiza Mezzaroba ◽  
Fernanda Morakami ◽  
Meriele Capeletti ◽  
Olavo Franco Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Seasonal Behavior ◽  
Icu Admission

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: To evaluate seasonal variations of clinical characteristics, therapeutic resource use, and outcomes of critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study conducted from January 2011 to December 2016 in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a University Hospital. Data were collected on the type of admission, APACHE II, SOFA, and TISS 28 scores at ICU admission. Length of hospital stay and vital status at hospital discharge were recorded. A significance level of 5% was adopted. RESULTS: During the study period, 3.711 patients were analyzed. Patients had a median age of 60.0 years (interquartile range = 45.0 − 73.0), and 59% were men. The independent risk factors associated with increased hospital mortality rate were age, chronic disease, seasonality, diagnostic category, need for mechanical ventilation and vasoactive drugs, presence of acute kidney injury, and sepsis at admission. CONCLUSION: It was possible to observe variations of the clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients; summer months presented a higher proportion of clinical and emergency surgery patients, with higher mortality rates. Sepsis at ICU admission did not show seasonal behavior. A seasonal pattern was found for mortality rate.

Clinical characteristics and treatment results of Shigella in Digestion department, National Children’s Hospital 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hà Ngọc Đạt
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
High Fever ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objectives: 1. Describe some clinical epidemiological characteristics of Shigella dysentery in children in the Department of Gastroenterology of Central Children's Hospital in 2019; 2. Comment on treatment results in the above patients. Subjects: All patients under 15 years old are admitted to the Hospital of Gastroenterology, Vietnam National Children's Hospital.. Method of cross-sectional description. Results: More morbidity rates in men than in women. The male / female ratio is 1.8 / 1. In which, the highest incidence is from 1 to 3 years old. In comparison with other seasons, autumn has the highest proportion of hospital patients, accounting for 46.4%. The majority of patients admitted to hospital due to diarrhea and fever accompanied by blood in the stool accounted for 41.3%, some came to the hospital due to high fever with 15/184 patients accounting for 7.9%, high fever. Accompanied by seizures, accounting for 16.5%. The rate of treatment with Ciprofloxacin is 89.5%. The recovery rate is quite high, 93.3%, the percentage of patients who are also significantly better at 6.7% and there is no case of treatment failure.  

scholarly journals Analysis of the clinical characteristics of 77 COVID-19 deaths

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaige Wang ◽  
Zhixin Qiu ◽  
Jiasheng Liu ◽  
Tao Fan ◽  
Chunrong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak is becoming a public health emergency. Data are limited on the clinical characteristics and causes of death. A retrospective analysis of COVID-19 deaths were performed for patients’ clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and causes of death. In total, 56 patients (72.7%) of the decedents (male–female ratio 51:26, mean age 71 ± 13, mean survival time 17.4 ± 8.4 days) had comorbidities. Acute respiratory failure (ARF) and sepsis were the main causes of death. Increases in C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer and lactic acid and decreases in lymphocytes were common laboratory results. Intergroup analysis showed that (1) most female decedents had cough and diabetes. (2) The proportion of young- and middle-aged deaths was higher than elderly deaths for males, while elderly decedents were more prone to myocardial injury and elevated CRP. (3) CRP and LDH increased and cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ and CD8+ cells decreased significantly in patients with hypertension. The majority of COVID-19 decedents are male, especially elderly people with comorbidities. The main causes of death are ARF and sepsis. Most female decedents have cough and diabetes. Myocardial injury is common in elderly decedents. Patients with hypertension are prone to an increased inflammatory index, tissue hypoxia and cellular immune injury.

scholarly journals Foreign bodies in esophagus

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Anchal Gupta ◽  
Apurab Gupta ◽  
Padam Singh Jamwal
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Chart Review ◽  
Foreign Bodies ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Thoracic Esophagus ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
Rigid Esophagoscopy ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Length Of Hospitalization

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The presence of a foreign body in the esophagus is a challenging problem. Perforations may result in death. Impaction mandates immediate extraction.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective chart review was made of all patients hospitalized in Department of ENT, SMGS Hospital with a diagnosis of foreign bodies in the gastrointestinal tract between July 2017 to February 2018. Forty patients were identified. The charts were reviewed for the following: patient demographics, preoperative diagnosis, kind and location of the foreign body, timing of the procedure and the length of hospitalization.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The youngest patient in our study was 8 months old while the oldest was 60 years old. The male: female ratio of 2.3:1. The most common site of impaction was cricopharynx (55%) followed by thoracic esophagus (40%) and lower end of esophagus (5%). The most common foreign body was coin (50%) and all were seen in children upto 7 years of age. 25 (62.5%) patients were children of age less than 10 years. 20 children showed coin ingestion, 1 child of 8 months presented with impaction of fruit seed and 4 children with battery button ingestion. The length of retention of foreign body ranged from 2 hours to 6 days. All the patients were managed with rigid esophagoscopy under general anesthesia all within 12 hours of admission.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Rigid endoscope as the instrument of choice for extracting foreign bodies from the esophagus as delay in extracting foreign bodies from the esophagus may lead to retention of foreign body and hence perforation.</p>

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics and Serotype Distribution of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli Isolated from Diarrhoeic Patients in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Cape Town, South Africa

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khorshed Alam ◽  
Albert J Lastovica ◽  
Elza Le Roux ◽  
M Anowar Hossain ◽  
M Nazrul Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Cape Town ◽  
Campylobacter Coli ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Infected Male ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Male Female Ratio

Clinical characteristics and serotype distribution of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from paediatric diarrhoeic patients over a three-year period in two geographically diverse areas, Dhaka, Bangladesh, and Cape Town, South Africa, were compared. Both Dhaka and Cape Town patients had similar rates of diarrhoea, vomiting and fever. However, the Dhaka patients were younger (11.8 vs. 13.0 months), had more boys than girls infected (male/female ratio 1.78:1 vs. 1.25:1), had more predisposing conditions (26% vs. 15%) and had more additional stool pathogens co-isolated with C. jejuni/coli than the Cape Town patients. While some C. jejuni serotypes were common to both areas, i.e., O:4, other serotypes were present in one location, but not the other. Differences in clinical presentations and serotype distribution in Dhaka and Cape Town are suggestive of different reservoirs for Campylobacter, and different patterns of infection.Keywords: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Serotyping, DiarrhoeaDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v23i2.875 Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 23, Number 2, December 2006, pp 121-124

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