scholarly journals Delicate balance: the relationship between internal astigmatism and lens astigmatism

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Meng Liu ◽  
Cheng Dai ◽  
Guimei Zhou ◽  
Xiaodong Lv ◽  
Jingjia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Other ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Delicate Balance ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender Groups ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Due to lack of equipment for directly measuring crystal morphology, there has been little research on crystal astigmatism. The purpose of this study was to accurately explore the correlation between internal astigmatism and lens astigmatism in patients with ametropia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, China, in September 2020. Diopter values (refractive astigmatism, RA) of patients with ametropia was recorded, and the corneal and lens biological parameters were measured by CASIA2 (corneal/anterior segment optical correlation tomography analyzer). Biometric parameters, including the total corneal astigmatism (TCA), anterior and posterior curvature radius of the lens (ACL, PCL), internal astigmatism (IA), anterior and posterior astigmatism of the lens (AAL, PAL) were measured. Grouping and comparisons were made according to gender and age. Results: In total, 151 participants (293 eyes) were included in the analysis. There were significant (P<0.05) differences in the IA (Z=-2.194, P=0.028) according to gender, but not in the other parameters. By age group, there were statistically significant differences in the TCA (H=10.609, P=0.005), IA (F=3.722, P=0.025), and PAL (H=8.254, P=0.016), but not in the others. The IA was positively correlated with the age (r=0.155, P=0.008), RA (r=0. 534, P<0.001), AAL (r=0.308, P<0.001), and was negatively correlated with the TCA (r=-0.244, P<0.001). The regression equation between the IA and AAL was: Y (IA) =-0.626 +0.447X (AAL). Conclusions: There is a delicate balance between internal astigmatism and intraocular astigmatism. There were no significant differences in the other parameters except IA for different gender groups. For different ages, there are symbol differences in the TCA, IA and PAL, but not in the other parameters. In the analysis of IA with lens astigmatism, it was found that internal astigmatism was mainly related to AAL, but not to PAL.

scholarly journals Delicate balance: the relationship between internal astigmatism and lens astigmatism

F1000Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 527
Author(s):  
Meng Liu ◽  
Cheng Dai ◽  
Guimei Zhou ◽  
Xiaodong Lv ◽  
Jingjia Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Morphology ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Curvature Radius ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total Corneal Astigmatism

Background: Due to lack of equipment for directly measuring crystal morphology, there has been little research on lenticular astigmatism. The purpose of this study was to accurately explore the correlation between internal astigmatism and lens astigmatism in patients with ametropia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, China, in September 2020. Diopter values (refractive astigmatism, RA) of patients with ametropia was recorded, and the corneal and lens biological parameters were measured by CASIA2 (corneal/anterior segment optical correlation tomography analyzer). Biometric parameters, including the total corneal astigmatism (total corneal astigmatism, TCA), anterior and posterior curvature radius of the lens (anterior curvature radius of the lens, ACL;  posterior curvature radius of the lens, PCL), internal astigmatism (internal astigmatism, IA), anterior and posterior astigmatism of the lens (anterior astigmatism of the lens, AAL;  posterior astigmatism of the lens, PAL) were measured. Grouping and comparisons were made according to gender and age. Results: In total, 151 participants (293 eyes) were included in the analysis. There were significant ( P<0.05) differences in the IA ( Z=-2.194, P=0.028) according to gender, but not in the other parameters. By age group, there were statistically significant differences in the TCA ( H=10.609, P=0.005), IA ( F=3.722, P=0.025), and PAL ( H=8.254, P=0.016), but not in the others. The IA was positively correlated with the age ( r=0.155, P=0.008), RA ( r=0. 534, P<0.001), AAL ( r=0.308, P<0.001), and was negatively correlated with the TCA ( r=-0.244, P<0.001). The regression equation between the IA and AAL was: Y (IA) =-0.626 +0.447 X (AAL). Conclusions:  Internal astigmatism is mainly related to the anterior astigmatism of the lens, and the higher the anterior astigmatism of the lens, the higher the internal astigmatism; At the same time, internal astigmatism increases with age.

scholarly journals Prescriptions Pattern Available at Rural Household

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Md Mahfuzar Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Life Style ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Rural Household ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Pattern ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Antibiotic Dose

This was a descriptive type of cross-sectional study conducted in three villages of Shahjadpur Upazila in the month of October, 2010 among the rural households who visited medical practioners for the last three months. It was aimed to determine the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents, availability of prescriptions, diagnosis written, number of drugs and antibiotics including its duration written within the prescription. It also determines the duration of antibiotic, dose and course including the advices on life style mentioned in the prescription in particular. It was revealed from the findings that 73.27% respondents were within 15-44 years of age with mean age 34.8 years and SD ± 13.09. In this study 68% respondents were attended doctors chamber during last three months, of them prescriptions were available to 57% respondents for investigation according to the stated objectives. Number of drugs in one prescription was 3-5 in 77% prescriptions. On the other hand 58% prescriptions were having 1-2 antibiotics. However, dose of antibiotics were not mentioned to about 31% prescriptions only. The duration 3-6 days of antibiotics was mentioned only about 23% prescriptions. Advices on life style and diagnosis were mentioned only to 32 and 52% prescriptions respectively. The investigation also revealed the qualification of prescribers and found 22.64% prescriptions by non-qualified doctors. The finding of the study can be a basis to take appropriate measures among prescribers in the locality towards maintaining the standard and rationality of prescriptions for the patients seeking drug treatment for any type of ailments. It will also help practitioners to provide a rational prescription to the consumers in regards to the number of drugs as well as clarity of instruction of its uses in deed. Key Words: Prescription; Pattern; Rural Household DOI: 10.3329/akmmcj.v1i2.7459 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal 2010; 1(2): 12-16

scholarly journals Overweight in dogs, but not in cats, is related to overweight in their owners

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marieke L Nijland ◽  
Frank Stam ◽  
Jacob C Seidell
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Ideal Weight ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Environmental Component ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify the environmental component of aetiology of overweight and obesity by examining the relationship between the degree of overweight in dogs and cats and the degree of overweight in their owners.DesignCross-sectional study. Main outcome measures of the owners were weight, height (stature) and BMI. Of the animals, weight and divergence from ideal weight were measured by a veterinarian.SettingThree veterinary clinics in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.SubjectsDogs and cats, together with their owners, who visited the veterinary clinic. Dogs and cats had to be older than 1 year, and their owners had to be at least 21 years old. After exclusion, there remained forty-seven pairs of dogs and their owners and thirty-six pairs of cats and their owners.ResultsWe found a significant relationship between the degree of overweight of dogs and the BMI of their owners (r = 0·31). Correction for length of ownership, gender and age of the animal, and gender, age, education level and activity score of the owner did not materially affect this relationship. However, after correction for the amount of time the dog was being walked each day, this relationship disappeared. No significant relationship was found between the degree of overweight of cats and the BMI of their owners.ConclusionsThe degree to which dogs are overweight is, in contrast to the degree to which cats are overweight, related to the BMI of their owners.

scholarly journals Mentoring in Medicine: Introducing a structured programme in a Medical College in Delhi

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayesha Ahmad ◽  
Arifa Anwar Elahi ◽  
Aruna Nigam ◽  
Rohan Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Medical Science ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Allocation Process ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Personal Meeting ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: To evaluate the response to mentoring amongst medical students after introduction of a structured mentorship programme.Methods: This was a cross sectional study conducted at Hamdard Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, [HIMSR] New Delhi. A pre validated confidential questionnaire, designed as both open and closed ended questions was utilised to obtain responses from a sample size of 300 students, both males and females. Our questionnaire solicited the following information: clarity of the concept to the mentee, duration of being involved in the programme, preferred mentoring model, comments on intended benefits and those obtained, frequency of meetings, forms of communication used and preferred place of interaction. All students in 1st, 2nd and 3rd year at HIMSR who agreed to participate in the study were included.Results: A total of 231 students returned their questionnaire, making the response rate of 77%. Different forms of communication were being used, of which personal meeting was most frequent. Both males and females were contacting their mentors in person. Majority of students preferred the mentorship model to be 1:1 and faculty members as mentors instead of senior students. Most of the students wanted the relationship to be mutual on both the sides, with both mentors and mentees having a say in the allocation process. There was no preference to gender for most of the students.Conclusions: The mentorship programme found good acceptance with medical students.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(1) 2017 p.29-34

scholarly journals Morphometric evaluation and measurements of primary pterygium by anterior segment optical coherence tomography and its relation with astigmatism

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 251584142110201
Author(s):  
Anuradha Raj ◽  
Renu Dhasmana ◽  
Harsh Bahadur
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Optical Coherence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Horizontal Length ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Primary Pterygium

Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between measurements and various morphometric parameters of primary pterygium on anterior segment optical coherence tomography(AS-OCT) and refractive and keratometric astigmatism. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, patients with primary pterygium were included. The AS-OCT parameters of pterygium consisting of epithelial thickness near apex(µm), apical or head thickness(µm), its thickness at limbus(µm), horizontal length of pterygium(mm), central corneal thickness (µm) and maximum pterygium thickness(mm) were evaluated. Results: Sixty three patients comprising of 63 eyes with a primary pterygium were studied. The mean keratometric and refractive astigmatism were 1.69 ± 3.15 Diopter(D) and0.5 ± 1.4D, respectively. There was a significant association between pterygium grade and stocker’s line with keratometric astigmatism ( p = 0.02, 0.00) respectively. Vertical and horizontal length on slit lamp and horizontal length on AS-OCT showed significant association with keratometric astigmatism ( p = 0.05, 0.00,0.00), respectively. Limbal thickness on AS-OCT showed significant positive correlation with refractive astigmatism ( r = 0.29, p = 0.02). Conclusion: The pterygium grade influences the keratometric astigmatism. Increased limbal thickness of pterygium on AS-OCT leads to more refractive astigmatism.

Internet Use, Facebook Intrusion, and Depression: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 681-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Błachnio ◽  
A. Przepiórka ◽  
I. Pantic
Keyword(s):  
Internet Use ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractFacebook has become a very popular social networking platform today, particularly among adolescents and young adults, profoundly changing the way they communicate and interact. However, some reports have indicated that excessive Facebook use might have detrimental effects on mental health and be associated with certain psychological problems. Because previous findings on the relationship between Facebook addiction and depression were not unambiguous, further investigation was required. The main objective of our study was to examine the potential associations between Internet use, depression, and Facebook intrusion. A total of 672 Facebook users took part in the cross-sectional study. The Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were used. For collecting the data, the snowball sampling procedure was used. We showed that depression can be a predictor of Facebook intrusion. Our results provides additional evidence that daily Internet use time in minutes, gender, and age are also predictors of Facebook intrusion: that Facebook intrusion can be predicted by being male, young age, and an extensive number of minutes spent online. On the basis of this study, it is possible to conclude that there are certain demographic – variables, such as age, gender, or time spent online – that may help in outlining the profile of a user who may be in danger of becoming addicted to Facebook. This piece of knowledge may serve for prevention purposes.

Gender and age differences in the relationship between calorie, macronutrients intake and growth status of school-aged Aboriginal children at Labu, Negeri Sembilan

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silambarasi Kuralneethi ◽  
Sarina Sariman ◽  
Vaidehi Ulaganathan
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dietary Recall ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Aboriginal Children ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThis study aimed to determine the relationship between calorie and macronutrients intake and the growth status of Aboriginal children based on gender and age group.Design/methodology/approachThis was a cross-sectional study participated by 85 school-aged Aboriginal children at Labu, Negeri Sembilan. The dietary intake and socioeconomic status data were collected from the parents using an interviewer administrated structured-questionnaire and 24-hour dietary recall. WHO AnthroPlus software was used to determine the z-score of weight for age (WAZ), height for age (HAZ) and body mass index (BMI) for age (BAZ).FindingsThe mean fat intake was significantly higher among younger children (i.e. 7–9 years old) as compared to elder children (i.e. 10–12 years old) (40.7 ± 17.3 g vs 32.0 ± 13.8 g; t = 2.496, p = 0.015) but not for the mean intake of calorie (1816.1 ± 979.9 kcal vs 1566.3 ± 808.7 kcal; t = 1.248, p = 0.216), protein (50.13 ± 20.08 g vs 44.94 ± 16.45 g; t = 1.269, p = 0.208) and carbohydrates (198.0 ± 63.0 g vs 190.8 ± 66.1 g; t = 0.513, p = 0.609). The majority of the respondents did not meet recommended nutrient intake (RNI) for the calorie (65.9%) and fat (75.3%). A significantly higher proportion of elder children did not meet RNI for fat as compared to younger children (88.8% vs 65.3%; X2 = 6.21, p = 0.021). The HAZ showed that 28.2% (n = 24) of the Aboriginal children were stunted, while WAZ showed that 14.8% (n = 9) of the Aboriginal students were underweight, and 8.2% of them were overweight. Based on BAZ classification, 15.4% (n = 6) of boys and 2.2% (n = 1) of girls were overweight. There is no significant correlation between calories and macronutrients and growth status of the children.Originality/valueAlthough the under-nutrition status among Aboriginal children is still a highlighted issue, the few over-nutrition statuses among Aborigines should be taken into count, especially in term of energy and macronutrient intake.

scholarly journals Attenuated psychosis in primary caregiver of psychiatric patients: a cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahboobul Hasan Ansari ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Gaur ◽  
Suhail Ahmed Azmi ◽  
Ved Prakash Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Disturbed Sleep ◽  
The Relationship

Attenuated or transient Psychosis is experienced by a substantial proportion of the general population. Research also predicted that subjects perceiving psychotic-like experience are at high risk to develop psychotic spectrum disorder in the future. Aim The present study planned to estimate the psychotic-like experience or Attenuated psychosis in caregivers of psychotic patients attending the psychiatry department at JN Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University (AMU) Aligarh. In this study, we will also assess the relationship between disturbed sleep, perceived stress, and transient psychosis. Materials and methods: Purposive sampling was used to recruit all the subjects with informed written consent. All data were collected by applying a self-administered semi-structured proforma. Peters Delusions Inventory (PDI), Launay Slade Hallucination Scale-Revised (LSHS-R), Perceived Stress Questionnaire (PSQ), and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) on the subjects. Statistical analyses was done by using SPSS software 20 version. Result: Result shows the majority of caregivers belong to the age group 18-30 years (56.45%). Maximum patients have the persecutory type of psychotic-like experience and among hallucinatory experience maximum subjects responded that “no matter how hard I try to concentrate; unrelated thoughts always creep into my mind”. Delusion experiences were strongly positively correlated with hallucinatory experiences, perceived stress. Hallucinatory experiences were positively correlated with perceived stress poor sleep quality. Conclusion: It can be concluded that stress increases subclinical delusional and hallucinatory experiences. Though disturbed sleep is positively correlated with hallucination but not a delusion.

scholarly journals Sociodemographic and health factors associated with mortality in community-dwelling elderly

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Silva Arbex Borim ◽  
Priscila Maria Stolses Bergamo Francisco ◽  
Anita Liberalesso Neri
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Gender And Age Differences ◽  
Reduction Of Mortality ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to identify factors associated with mortality, with emphasis on gender and age differences. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study, which uses data from the FIBRA-2008-2009 network in Campinas, State of São Paulo, Brazil, with information on non-institutionalized residents of the urban area and the Mortality Information System. The dependent variable has been death, in 2013. The associations have been tested by odds ratio (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals, and the analyses have been conducted using the program Stata 12.0. RESULTS Average age has been 72.3 years, 69.3% have been women, and 8.9% have died. We have found greater OR for mortality in individuals aged ≥ 75 years, classified as pre-frail or frail, and in those who have reported heart disease. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the analysis of specific subgroups has allowed us to better understand the relationship between the factors associated with death in the elderly. With the exception of age, strategies based on primary and secondary care, focused on priority groups, can have a positive impact on the reduction of mortality among the elderly.

scholarly journals Blood group and its relationship with bleeding time and clotting time- an observational study among the 1st MBBS students of Gauhati medical college, Guwahati

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 4147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeta Baishya ◽  
Raj Sarkar ◽  
Barasha Barman
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clotting Time ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

 Background: Blood group and its relation to bleeding time (BT) and clotting time (CT) is important in conditions like epistaxis, thrombosis, and surgery. Earlier studies depicted O group having prolonged BT and CT. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of BT and CT with ABO groups.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of physiology, Gauhati medical college. The study included 154 students. Blood grouping was determined with the standard antiserum; BT and CT were estimated by the duke method and slide method, respectively. Blood group and its relation to BT, CT were analyzed by Chi-square analysis.Results: Blood group O (42.2%) was predominant in both genders followed by B (31.8%), A (21%), AB (4.5%). CT was found to be more than 6 minutes in group O (31.57%) followed by group AB (26.31%), A and B (21.05%). The difference was statistically significant (p = 0.02). BT was found to be more than 4 minutes in group O (82.35%) followed by A (11.76%), B (5.88%), and AB (0%). That was statistically significant (p = 0.01). CT was more than 6 minutes in 57.89% in females as compared to 42.10% in males, variation was statistically significant (p = 0.01). BT was more than 4 minutes in 58.82% females as compared to 41.17% in males. The variation was statistically significant (p = 0.03).Conclusions: In present study blood group O was more common followed by B, A, and AB. CT and BT were prolonged in O group. BT and CT were more in females than males.

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