Evaluation of the cardiovascular status of pulmonary tu-berculosis patients with positive smear new cases in both phthisiology departments of the two national hospitals of Niamey

Background: At the Surgical Department of Surgery of the University Hospital Würzburg microbiological examinations were performed of the ulcer grounds from patients with diabetic-neuropathic, diabetic-ischemic, venous, and arterial leg ulcers. The aim of the examination was to evaluate possible differences in the healing process of these ulcers based on the knowledge of their bacterial populations. Patients and methods: In a period of four months, 63 patients were consecutively examined by taking a bacteriological swab of their ulcer area. The healing process of their wounds was followed and related to the impact of bacterial colonisation and clinical signs of infection. Results: 95% of the venous and arterial leg ulcers had a positive smear, whereas only 70% of diabetic ulcers were positive for bacterial growth. Bacterial population of the three ulcer entities, however did not differ significantly. 100% of the clinically infected venous and arterial ulcers but only 80% of the diabetic wounds revealed a positive smear. On the other hand, only 22% of the venous ulcers with a positive smear developed a clinical infection in contrast to 70% of the arterial and diabetic. Venous ulcers showed only in a few patients prolonged healing, even in cases of marked bacterial contamination. Despite of clinical signs of infection however, diabetic wounds sometimes did not reveal a positive wound smear (20%). All infected venous, but only 20% of the infected ischemic ulcers healed satisfactorily. Arterial wounds with no bacterial growth healed significantly better than contaminated wounds. This difference was not significant in the other entities. Radical removal of the infection by minor amputation increased the healing rate in diabetic ulcers over 80%, whereas ischemic wounds did not profit from this therapy. Conclusions: A positive bacterial wound smear is not inevitably correlated with a protracted leg ulcer healing. Nevertheless a fulminant infection often developed in diabetic ulcers despite the initial inability to demonstrate bacterial growth. In order to start antibiotic treatment as early as possible, a wound smear should be obtained routinely from patients with diabetic ulcers. In chronic venous ulcers, a routine swab does not appear to be indicated as it bears no clinical consequences. The same applies to patients with surgically fully treated peripheral arterial occlusive disease. As ischemia presents the limiting factor, antibiotic therapy in case of infection will not prevent imminent amputation.

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Usefulness of Genotype MTBDRplus assay in acid-fast bacilli positive smear specimens in Almeria, Spain

Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología Clínica ◽

10.1016/j.eimc.2014.02.017 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (8) ◽

pp. 511-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miguel José Martínez-Lirola ◽

María José Munoz-Dávila ◽

Darío García-de Viedma ◽

Teresa Cabezas Fernández ◽

Pilar Luzón García

Keyword(s):

Acid Fast Bacilli ◽

Positive Smear ◽

Genotype Mtbdrplus

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Five-Year Assessment of Time of Sputum Smears Conversion and Outcome and Risk Factors of Tuberculosis Patients in Central Iran

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2015/609083 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Fatemah Behnaz ◽

Mahmoud Mohammadzadeh ◽

Golnaz Mohammadzade

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Maintenance Phase ◽

The Elderly ◽

Unfavorable Outcome ◽

Sputum Smear ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Intensive Phase ◽

End Of Treatment ◽

Positive Smear

Objective. To evaluate risk factors which influence sputum smear conversion, outcome, and trends of conversion of sputum smear during 5 years and compare outcomes in patients with different regimens.Methods. In a retrospective cohort study, all patients with sputum smear positive tuberculosis were evaluated for comorbidities and demographic, microbiological, and therapeutic data and outcome. Smear examinations were performed at the beginning, at 2 months for CAT I, at 3 months for CAT II, at the end of second month of maintenance phase, and at the end of treatment.Results. This study enrolled 211 sputum smear positive patients, but 189 patients who completed the intensive phase of treatment were evaluated. Sputum smear of 158 patients converted at the end of intensive phase (83.6). Univariate analysis indicated that the risk of a persistent positive smear at the end of intensive phase was greater in diabetic patients ((odds 4.038, 95% CI 1.123–14.516)P=0.033), and also a 3+bacillary load had risk of 2.933-fold ((95% CI 1.278–6.732)P=0.011). Overall rate of unfavorable outcome was 20.9%. Factors associated with unfavorable outcome were age (Pvalue 0.000), male gender (Pvalue 0.027), diabetes (Pvalue 0.000), and delayed conversion of sputum at the end of intensive phase (Pvalue 0.000). Outcome for different regimens was not different significantly. Two specimens were isoniazid resistant.Conclusions. We suggest supervised treatment and care for diabetic patients and those with higher bacillary load. Paying attention to early diagnosis of tuberculosis in the elderly to reduce poor outcome and further measures to prevent transfer-out could improve the success rate.

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Positive Smear in Pregnancy

BMJ ◽

10.1136/bmj.1.5638.216 ◽

1969 ◽

Vol 1 (5638) ◽

pp. 216-217

Author(s):

H. C. McLaren

Keyword(s):

Positive Smear ◽

In Pregnancy

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Shell matrices of Recent rhynchonelliform brachiopods: microstructures and glycosylation studies

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s1755691007078401 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 98 (3-4) ◽

pp. 415-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Danièle Gaspard ◽

Frédéric Marin ◽

Nathalie Guichard ◽

Sylvain Morel ◽

Gérard Alcaraz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Matrix ◽

Crystal Nucleation ◽

Low Molecular Weight ◽

Post Translational Modifications ◽

Shell Matrix ◽

Positive Smear ◽

Pas Staining ◽

Polysaccharide Composition ◽

Calcification Process ◽

Outer Mantle Epithelium

ABSTRACTLike most metazoan biomineralisations, the brachiopod shell is the end product of a biologically controlled calcification process. The main agent of the control is the extracellular matrix, which is secreted by the outer mantle epithelium. This matrix mediates the calcification process by allowing crystal nucleation and elongation in specific orientations and finally, by stopping crystal growth. The proteinaceous moiety of brachiopod shell matrices has been extensively studied. Less known are the post-translational modifications that occur in these matrices, in particular glycosylations. In this comparison of five species of Recent articulated brachiopods, the ratio of soluble to insoluble organic matrix varies between the species. Polydisperse macromolecular materials occur in each of these species with discrete proteins of 50 kDa in Notosaria nigricans, Calloria inconspicua and Neothyris lenticularis, 37 kDa in Terebratulina retusa and Gryphus vitreus and 20–25 kDa in N. nigricans. Protein mixtures from all five species respond differently to anionic stains (Stains-All and Alcian Blue). PAS staining results in a positive smear in C. inconspicua and T. retusa and highlights low molecular weight glycoproteins in C. inconspicua. The polysaccharide composition of the soluble matrix of T. retusa is different from the others due to high proportions of arabinose and low proportions of fucose. In all cases, polysaccharide composition of the insoluble matrix is dominated by glucose and glucosamine. Insoluble matrices have more glucose and xylose and less galactosamine and glucosamine than the corresponding soluble matrix. Relatively high amounts of glucosamine may suggest the presence of chitin in the shell matrix of rhynchonelliform brachiopods.

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Co-Existence of TB & Leprosy in the same patient – A Case Report

TAJ Journal of Teachers Association ◽

10.3329/taj.v23i1.41152 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 103-105

Author(s):

Md Azraf Hossain Khan ◽

Samir C Majumder

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Load ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Lepromatous Leprosy ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Health Issues ◽

Common Infectious Disease ◽

Positive Smear ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

Nodular Lesions ◽

One Year

Leprosy is one of the more serious health issues in a number of developing countries. Although it seldom kills, leprosy is nonetheless a deforming, disabling and stigmatizing disease.1, 2 Tuberculosis is also a major public health problem affecting nearly one third of the global population. Though leprosy and tuberculosis are common infectious disease, yet co-infection of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rare possibly due to cross-immunity. A male patient of about 70 years presented with widespread shinny hypesthetic nodular lesions symmetrically located mainly in upper extremities, trunk and a little in lower extremities about 3 years back. Slit skin smear and histopathology studies showed significant amount of bacterial load which suggested lepromatous leprosy. About after one year of starting MDT treatment, the patient developed type-2 reaction of intermittent variety. During the episodic attacks of this reaction, the patient developed pulmonary TB supported by positive smear of sputum and patchy opacities of chest x-ray about 2½ years back TAJ 2010; 23(1): 103-105

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PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KARBOL FUCHSIN DAN PEMANASAN SPUTUM SEBELUM PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN TERHADAP HASIL PEWARNAAN BTA

Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Kesehatan ◽

10.32668/jitek.v5i1.59 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 23-33

Author(s):

Mega Mirawati Mirawati ◽

Estu Lestari Lestari

Keyword(s):

Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽

Staining Method ◽

Statistical Test ◽

Medical Laboratory ◽

Inspection Method ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Positive Smear ◽

Laboratory Workers ◽

Laboratory Technology ◽

And Control

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is a health problem in the community. Minimal checks that need to be done to confirm pulmonary tuberculosis diagnostics are smear examinations. ZiehlNelseen method is an inspection method recommended by WHO. Sputum used to make preparations is a mucopurulent sputum. This can lead to infected laboratory workers if inhaled droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aims to determine the effect of fuchsin carbolic acid and sputum heating before the preparation of the smear result. Temperature used 60oC, 70oC, 80oC and 90oC and control is sputum staining with Ziehl Neelsen method. The samples used positive smear sputum. The experimental research design and data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallistest. The research was conducted at the Bacteriology Laboratory of Medical Laboratory Technology Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta III in February to October 2016. The result of statistical test showed p> 0,301 which means there was no significant difference between the dyeing result by using sputum which has been given carbolic fuchsin and heating before the preparation with the result staining method ZiehlNeelsen. The conclusion of this method can coloring Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.

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Active Case Finding of Pulmonary Tuberculosis through Screening of Respiratory Symptomatics Using Sputum Microscopy: Is It Time to Change the Paradigm?

Tuberculosis Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2013/312824 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-4 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eva Carolina del Portillo-Mustieles ◽

Rafael Laniado-Laborín

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Sputum Sample ◽

Upper Airway ◽

Case Finding ◽

Active Case Finding ◽

Active Case ◽

Sputum Microscopy ◽

Two Samples ◽

Airway Symptoms ◽

Positive Smear

Background.One of the main strategies for the early detection of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is through the screening of individuals with symptoms compatible with PTB. Although this is programmatic strategy for active case finding, its yield is not well known.Objective.To determine the yield of pulmonary tuberculosis active case finding through the screening of respiratory symptomatic (RS) patients at a general hospital.Methods.RS patients were defined as subjects complaining of cough and/or sputum for a period of 2 or more weeks. Outpatients and their companions were approached while they waited in the outpatient care areas of the hospital to detect RS. Two samples from different days or 2 samples taken 2 hours apart on the same day were collected.Results.122 RS patients were identified. Fifty-seven patients (46.7%) had at least one sputum sample analyzed. Three patients presented a positive smear and 2 were culture positive; neither had upper airway symptoms. None of the patients with productive cough and upper airway symptoms had a positive smear (). Only 19 (33.3%) returned to the laboratory to retrieve their results.Conclusion.Current strategy to screen RS patients based only on clinical data has a low compliance. Specific strategies to increase compliance (removal of barriers, incentives, etc.) should be implemented.

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Predicting tuberculosis relapse in patients treated with the standard 6-month regimen: an individual patient data meta-analysis

Thorax ◽

10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-211120 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 74 (3) ◽

pp. 291-297 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Kamila Romanowski ◽

Robert F Balshaw ◽

Andrea Benedetti ◽

Jonathon R Campbell ◽

Dick Menzies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Individual Patient Data ◽

Reference Model ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Predictive Performance ◽

Patient Data ◽

Standard Regimen ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cavitary Disease ◽

Positive Smear

BackgroundRelapse continues to place significant burden on patients and tuberculosis (TB) programmes worldwide. We aimed to determine clinical and microbiological factors associated with relapse in patients treated with the WHO standard 6-month regimen and then evaluate the accuracy of each factor at predicting an outcome of relapse.MethodsA systematic review was performed to identify randomised controlled trials reporting treatment outcomes on patients receiving the standard regimen. Authors were contacted and invited to share patient-level data (IPD). A one-step IPD meta-analysis, using random intercept logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curves, was performed to evaluate the predictive performance of variables of interest.ResultsIndividual patient data were obtained from 3 of the 12 identified studies. Of the 1189 patients with confirmed pulmonary TB who completed therapy, 67 (5.6%) relapsed. In multipredictor analysis, the presence of baseline cavitary disease with positive smear at 2 months was associated with an increased odds of relapse (OR 2.3(95% CI 1.3 to 4.2)) and a relapse risk of 10%. When area under the curve for each multipredictor model was compared, discrimination between low-risk and higher-risk patients was modest and similar to that of the reference model which accounted for age, sex and HIV status.ConclusionDespite its poor predictive value, our results indicate that the combined presence of cavitary disease and 2-month positive smear status may be the best currently available marker for identifying individuals at an increased risk of relapse, particularly in resource-limited setting. Further investigation is required to assess whether this combined factor can be used to indicate different treatment requirements in clinical practice.

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