scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KARBOL FUCHSIN DAN PEMANASAN SPUTUM SEBELUM PEMBUATAN SEDIAAN TERHADAP HASIL PEWARNAAN BTA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Mega Mirawati Mirawati ◽  
Estu Lestari Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Inspection Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Smear ◽  
Laboratory Workers ◽  
Laboratory Technology ◽  
And Control

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This disease is a health problem in the community. Minimal checks that need to be done to confirm pulmonary tuberculosis diagnostics are smear examinations. ZiehlNelseen method is an inspection method recommended by WHO. Sputum used to make preparations is a mucopurulent sputum. This can lead to infected laboratory workers if inhaled droplets containing Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study aims to determine the effect of fuchsin carbolic acid and sputum heating before the preparation of the smear result. Temperature used 60oC, 70oC, 80oC and 90oC and control is sputum staining with Ziehl Neelsen method. The samples used positive smear sputum. The experimental research design and data were analyzed with Kruskal Wallistest. The research was conducted at the Bacteriology Laboratory of Medical Laboratory Technology Poltekkes Kemenkes Jakarta III in February to October 2016. The result of statistical test showed p> 0,301 which means there was no significant difference between the dyeing result by using sputum which has been given carbolic fuchsin and heating before the preparation with the result staining method ZiehlNeelsen. The conclusion of this method can coloring Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria.

scholarly journals Determination of Rifampicin Resistance Tuberculosis on Gene Xpert among Patients Attending Federal Medical Centre Yenagoa, Bayelsa State Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 156-163
Author(s):  
Oluwayemisi A. Olorode ◽  
Ofonime M. Ogba ◽  
Joshua J. Tarilade
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Medical Centre ◽  
Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽  
World Health ◽  
Medical Laboratory ◽  
Rifampicin Resistance ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range

Aim: Department of Medical Laboratory Science (Medical Microbiology Section), Niger Delta University. Tuberculosis, being an oldest known human disease, is a major cause of mortality. Does gender determine Rifampicin Resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis among the patients with tuberculosis in Bayelsa State? This work was carried out between February, 2019 and September 2019 to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its resistance to Rifampicin anti-mycobacterium therapy among patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Yenogoa, Bayelsa State. Methodology: A total of 250 sputum samples were collected from both HIV and non-HIV patients attending Federal Medical Centre, Mycobacteriology Laboratory (a referral laboratory in Bayelsa state); (age range 21-71 years) and immediately taken to the laboratory for analysis using GeneXpert machine, an automated cartridge based nucleic acid amplification diagnosis and traditional Ziehl-Neelsen test for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Rifampicin resistance gene. Results: Findings showed that 50(100%) sputum samples (of which 24(48%) were from males and 26(52%) from females) out of the 250 samples examined were positive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Based on the GeneXpert analysis, the total of 8(16%); {4(8%) females and 4(8%) males}, samples were resistant to Rifampicin. Out of 50(100%) positive samples, the highest percentage prevalence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was recorded within the age range of 21 and 30 years (52%); followed by 31-40 years (44%) and the least was 71 years (04%). The percentage prevalence of Rifampicin resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RMB) was 16.0% while non-resistance was 84.0%; resistance was higher among the study subjects within the age range of between 21 and 30 years (6%) followed by 31-40 years (4%); 51-60 years (4.0%) and the least was 10-20 years and 70 years above(2%). There is no significant difference between the tuberculosis infected male and female resistance to rifampicin at P value= .88, t=14, df=4. However, out of 50 (100%) positive samples, 24 (48%) patients had HIV co-infection with tuberculosis while 26(52%) had tuberculosis only. There was no statistical significant difference between these two groups at P=.29, t=1.2 and df=4. Conclusion: There is a progressive increase in the frequency of Rifampicin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (RrMTB) in this research compared to the percentage prevalence (4%) reported by World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018. There is therefore a need to establish more medical diagnostic laboratories for rapid detection of tuberculosis infection in all the eight (8) Local Government Areas of Bayelsa state.

scholarly journals PEMBERIAN PROTEIN ADHESIN 38-KILODALTON MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS PERORAL MENINGKATKAN JUMLAH MAKROFAG DAN LIMFOSIT USUS MENCIT BALB/c

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Rahma Triliana ◽  
Ade A Kartosen ◽  
Dianika P Puspitasari ◽  
Sri Murwani ◽  
Sanarto Santoso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Adhesin Protein

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), is one of the world health problems. Oral vaccination of M.tb hasa potential to reduce the risk and complication of TB. The 38-kDa adhesin protein as one of oral TB vaccine candidates has not beenproven. This study is aimed to determine M.tb 38-kDa adhesin protein effect on macrophage and lymphocyte numbers in mice intestineafter an oral administration. BALB/c mice (n=20), age 6–8 weeks, and were divided into 4 groups: control (K), adjuvant (A), 38-kDa100μg adhesin protein (P), and combination of 100μg 38-kDa adhesin protein with adjuvant (PA). An oral administration was givenat the beginning with 2 boosters every 4 weeks. After 3 days of the second booster, the mice were killed and the intestine was taken andstained with haematoxylin eosin (HE) to measure its macrophages and lymphocytes number. The mean ±2SD were 18.4 (3.71) and6.09 (0.34), 23.0 (7.78) and 8.86 (1.19), 42.2 (13.63) and 23.49 (3.91), 95.4 (30.11), and 53.57 (13.79) respectively for K, A, Pand PA group. The statistical test showed a significant difference among each group revealing the role of M.tb 38-kDa adhesin proteinas immunogenic inducing cellular immunity in intestine. In this study, so far it was found that the oral administration of M. tb 38-kDaadhesin protein has an ability to increase macrophage and lymphocyte numbers in the mice intestinal BALB/c.

scholarly journals Variants in VDR and NRAMP1 genes as susceptibility factors for tuberculosis in the population of Serbia

Genetika ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 1021-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Skodric-Trifunovic ◽  
Ivana Buha ◽  
Dragana Jovanovic ◽  
Violeta Vucinic ◽  
Mihailo Stjepanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gene Variants ◽  
Vdr Gene ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Positive Smear ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Granulomatous Diseases ◽  
And Control

Tuberculosis (TB) is granulomatous diseases caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). TB is a highly infectious disease that primarily affects the lungs. One-third of human population is infected with MTB, therefore it is of utmost significance to determine the factors that influence the individual susceptibility to the disease. Host genetic factors have been recognized as essential for susceptibility to TB, since only 5% to 10% of infected individuals develop the disease. A number of candidate genes has been intensively studied, the most of which were connected with the function of macrophages, thus participating in immune response. Here we examined the gene variants of VDR (FokI) and NRAMP1 (INT4, D543N, 3?UTR) genes in aim to make the correlation between these genetic factors and risk of TB in Serbian patients. This study included 110 TB patients and 67 healthy controls. Pulmonary TB was diagnosed by clinical symptoms, radiological evidence of TB and bacteriological criteria (Culture- positive/ smear- positive). Genotyping was performed using PCR-RFLP method. Our findings revealed significant prevalence of ff genotype and variant allele f of the FokI VDR gene variant in patients compared to control group. Based on the our results the carriers of ff genotype are five times more at risk to tuberculosis than carriers of FF and Ff genotype in our population. The results of analyzed SNPs in NRAMP1 gene showed no statistically significant difference in distribution of the gene variants between patient and control groups. Therefore, we could conclude that the genotype ff of the VDR gene is factor that strongly contribute to susceptibility to TB in Serbian population.

scholarly journals The Effect of Health Promotion in Improving the Attitudes of Health Students in Carrying Out the Health Protocol to Prevent Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Sarma Eko Natalia Sinaga
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Frequency Distribution ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control ◽  
Attitude Variable

The Covid-19 health protocol is a rule or provision made for everyone to be obeyed in order to be able to carry out activities safely during the Covid-19 pandemic. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of health promotion in improving the attitudes of health students in carrying out health protocols to prevent (Covid-19).The type of research was pre-experimental with a one group pre test and test design, and was carried out in October - December 2020 at AKPER Yatna Yuana Lebak. The sample is all students AKPER Yatna Yuana Lebak, totaling 166 people. The research instrument used was a questionnaire distributed via google form, and the analysis of this research was univariate to see the description of the distribution of respondents before and after the intervention, while the bivariate analysis used the Pair T Test. The frequency distribution of the attitude variable had an overall increase before and after the intervention, while the largest increase occurred in the variable avoiding contact with family and people at home before bathing or changing clothes after doing activities outside the house, which was 3.62%. In the statistical test, the p-valu was 0.017 which stated that there was a significant difference between the attitude before and after the intervention. After the health promotion regarding the prevention and control of Covid-19 was given, it was hoped that health students will be able to practice health protocols such as wearing mask, washing hands with soap, carrying out etiquette coughing/sneezing, bathing and changing clothes after activities outside the house, keeping distance from other people, avoiding frequent touching eyes, mouth and nose, checking their health if they feel fever.  These all are in order to make them and their family can stay protected from Covid-19 and they can be the example for the surrounding community in implementing health protocols.

scholarly journals ANTI-PROLAKTIN SEBAGAI PENGHAMBAT PROSES MOULTING

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Husni Anwar ◽  
Erma Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Anova Test ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Third Stage ◽  
And Control ◽  
One Way Anova

A experimental study had been done using anti-prolactin as moulting process inhibitor and toknow the affect of anti-prolactin on the time of egg laying recovery of laying bird. The objective of this study was to prove that, moulting phase can be stopped with pasif imunisation antiprolactin intra muscular. The stages of this study as follow: used anti-prolactin from the third stage of study with the dose of 50 mg/ml (P1), 100 mg/ml (P2), and 200 mg/ml (P3) and 0.5 ml PBS (as control). In this stage, moulting was ceased respectively in day 4.8 1.033 (P1); 4.6 0.843 (P2); 4.68 0.516 (P3) and 61.9 2.079 (control). Statistical test using one way Anova revealed significant difference (p < 0.01) between control and treatment groups, and BNT 5 percent test showed that the fastest moulting inhibition was found in P3 group (200 mg/ml), which was not significantly different (p less than 0.05) with P1 (50 mg/ml) and P2 (100 mg/ml). The time of egg laying recovery was respectively at 9.3 0.675 (PI); 7.4 0.843 (P2); 3.3 0.823 (P3) and 18.4 1.174 (control). Statistical test using one way Anova test showed significant difference (p less than 0.01) between control and treatment groups, and BNT 5 percent test indicated that the shortest time of egg laying recovery was at group P3 (200 mg/ml), which was significantly different (p less than 0.05) from Pl (50 mg/ml); P2 (100 mg/ml); and control (PBS 0.5 ml). Conclusively, anti prolactin (50 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml and 200 mg/ml) to inhibit moulting process and to affect the time of egg laying recovery.

scholarly journals Motivation Interview Effectiveness and Optimism Efficiency on the Quality of Life of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (E) ◽  
pp. 402-405
Author(s):  
Ridwan Amiruddin ◽  
Nurhaedar Jafar ◽  
Jumriani Ansar ◽  
Zhanaz Tasya
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control ◽  
Difference Test

AIM: This study aims to analyze the quality of life of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through the intervention of motivational interview and efficacy of optimism. METHODS: The type of research is Quasi Experimental - Non-Randomized Control Group Pretest Posttest Design. The sample was T2DM patients, while the treatment was carried out on 50 respondents. Interventions were given in motivational interviews and the effectiveness of optimism. The statistical test used is the two-dependent difference test and two independent mean difference test. RESULTS: The statistical test of the difference between the two independent means showed the sig. value (two tailed) of 0.006. It pointed to a significant difference in post-test between DM patients’ quality of life in the intervention and control groups. Based on the two dependent difference test, the mean showed that the value of sig. (two tailed) 0.000 means a significant difference between DM patients’ quality of life in the intervention and control groups after the post-test. CONCLUSION: There was a substantial relationship between motivational interviewing and optimism efficacy on the quality of diabetes mellitus patients.

IOP Lowering Effects of Ocimum basilicum Seed Extract in Two Rabbit Models of Ocular Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Renu Agarwal ◽  
SK Gupta ◽  
Sushma Srivastava ◽  
Rohit Saxena
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Water Loading ◽  
Antiglaucoma Medication ◽  
Lowering Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Introduction: Ocimum basilicum (OB), a herb known for its antihypertensive, anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties was investigated for possible intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering effects in rabbits with ocular hypertension (OHT). Methods: The IOP lowering effect of a single drop of OB extract (OBE) was evaluated in oculonormotensive rabbits using three concentrations (0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/v). The concentration showing maximum IOP reduction was further evaluated in rabbits with water-loading and steroid-induced OHT. Results: IOP lowering effect of OBE 0.5% in oculonormotensive rabbit eyes was significantly greater compared to OBE 0.25% (p<0.05) but was comparable (p>0.05) to OBE 1%. Therefore, 0.5% concentration was selected for further evaluation. Pretreatment with OBE (0.5%) caused significantly lower increase in IOP after water loading amounting to 23.39% above baseline as compared to 54.00% in control eye, 15 minutes post water loading. At 60 minutes, post water loading, mean IOP rise was 95.12% and 63.58% in control and test eyes, respectively. Significant difference between the mean IOP of two eyes persisted during the 2nd hr. In rabbits with steroid induced OHT, OBE 0.5% produced a mean IOP reduction of 24.73% at the end of first hr and the mean peak IOP reduction of 31.63% was observed at the end of 2 hr. A significant difference between the IOP of test and control eyes persisted from 1 to 6 hr. Conclusions: Ocimum basilicum seed extract showed significant IOP lowering effect in rabbits with water loading and steroid induced OHT, however, its utility as an effective antiglaucoma medication needs further investigations.

Effects of Virgin Coconut Oil as Adjunct Therapy in the Treatment of Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Nazli Zainuddin ◽  
Nurul Azira Mohd Shah ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Nasal Symptom ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The role of virgin coconut oil in the treatment of allergic rhinitis is controversial. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of virgin coconut oil ingestion, in addition to standard medications, on allergic rhinitis. We also studied the side effects of consumption of virgin coconut oil. Methods: Fifty two subjects were equally divided into test and control groups. All subjects received a daily dose of 10mg of loratadine for 28 days. The test group was given 10ml of virgin coconut oil three times a day in addition to loratadine. The symptoms of allergic rhinitis were scored at the beginning and end of the study. Results:, the symptom score were divided into nasal and non-nasal symptom scores. Sneezing score showed a significant difference, however the score was more in control group than test group, indicating that improvement in symptom was more in control group. The rest of the nasal symptom and non-nasal symptom score showed no significant difference between test and control groups. Approximately 58% of the test subjects developed side effects from consumption of virgin coconut oil, mainly gastrointestinal side effects. Conclusion: In the present study, ingestion of virgin coconut oil does not improve the overall and individual symptoms of allergic rhinitis, furthermore it has side effects.

Enrichment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) diet with Malic acid: Effects on skin mucosal immunity, antioxidant defecne and growth performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Safari ◽  
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar ◽  
Maryam Dadar ◽  
Hien Van Doan
Keyword(s):  
Common Carp ◽  
Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Antioxidant Genes ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe present study investigated possible effects of dietary malic acid on the expression of immunity, antioxidant and growth related genes expression as well as skin mucus immune parameters in common carp. Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings were fed diets supplemented with different levels (0 [control], 0.5%, 1%, 2%) of malic acid (MA) for 60 days. The results revealed highest expression levels of immune-related genes (tnf-alpha, il1b, il8 and lyz) in skin of common carp fed 2% MA (P < 0.05). Regarding 1% MA treatment comparison with control group, significant difference was noticed just in case of lyz (P < 0.05). Evaluation of growth related genes expression revealed no significant difference between treatments (P > 0.05). The study of antioxidant related genes (gsta and gpx) in common carp skin fed with MA, showed significant difference between treated groups and control (P < 0.05). Carps fed with 2% MA had highest alkaline phosphatase activity in skin mucus compared other treated groups and control (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference between 0.5% and 1% and control (P > 0.05). The study of total protein and total immunoglobulin (Ig) in common carp skin musus revealed no alteration following MA treatment (P > 0.05). The present data demonstrated that feeding with MA altered immune and antioxidant genes expression in skin mucus of common carp.

THE EFFECT OF THE ATTITUDE TOWARD BREASTFEEDING CONCEPT BASED COMIC ON THE ADOLESCENCE'S ATTITUDE TOWARD EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Aprilia Kartikasari ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
T Test ◽  
Breastfeeding Duration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Marriage Age ◽  
First Marriage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
And Control

Background and purpose: The earlier development of the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding produces the longer exclusive breastfeeding duration. Considering the first marriage age among Indonesian, the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding should be developed at the adolescence age. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the attitude toward breastfeeding concept based comic on the adolescent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding. Method: This was a quasy experimental posttest only with control group study. The respondents were provided an comic. The respondent's attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding was measured using The Breastfeeding Attitude Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent and dependent t test. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 17 years old in both intervention (70%) and control grup (63%), first child in both intervention (23,3%) and control grup (26,7%), and had a nuclear family in both intervention (80%) and control grup (90%). The independent t test showed that there was a significant difference between post-test scores among the intervention and control groups (t = 5,602, p < 0,01). Conclusion and recommendation: Nurses may use the Attitude Toward Breastfeeding based comic to increase the Adolescence's attitude toward breastfeeding.Keywords: Comic, Attitudes Toward Exclusive Breastfeeding, Adolescence

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