DAIRY EFFICIENCY AND GENE POLYMORPHIC VARIANTS OF KAPPA-CASEIN, BETA-LACTOGLOBULIN OF HOLSTEINED BLACK-MOTLEY CATTLE OF SAMARA TYPE

The purpose of research is heifers protein dairy raising of Holsteined Black-Motley cattle of Samara type. Studies on the identification of polymorphism and the definition of occurrence frequencies of alleles and genotypes at loci kappa-casein gene (CSN3), beta-lactoglobulin (LGB), and complex genotypes (LGB/CSN3) Holsteined Black-Motley breed cows of Samara type. It was established the influence of the genotypes of these genes for heifers dairy production. The cattle of CJSC «Lunacharsky» with genotype CSN3ВВ for dairy production during 305 days of lactation had an advantage over CSN3АА genotype at 348 kg and 468 kg in the CSN3АВ and butter fat content showed significant superiority to 0.16% (P˂0.001) and 0.23% (Р˂0,01). At the exit of butter fat and 28.1 to 23.9 kg of milk protein by 15.3 and 12.7 kg, respectively. The heifers of «Breeding Farm “Druzhba”» with these genotypes are equal. The heifers with genotype LGBВВ CJSC «Lunacharsky» had lower level to genotypes LGBАА, LGBАВ and the level of dairy production at 208 kg and 75 kg of milk. But had the advantage of butter fat content 0.08%, protein by 0.05-0.03%. The heifers of «Breeding Farm “Druzhba”» with the heterozygous genotype LGBАВ genotype produced significantly more at 478 kg (P<0,05) and 150 kg of milk compared with homozygous genotypes LGBВВ, LGBАА and that increased butter fat output 19.8 kg (P<0,05) and protein – 14.5 kg (P<0,05).

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The Effect of Fat Content and Fatty Acids Composition on Color and Textural Properties of Butter

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26154565 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (15) ◽

pp. 4565

Author(s):

Sergiu Pădureţ

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Principal Component ◽

Textural Properties ◽

Fat Content ◽

Fatty Acids Composition ◽

Color Parameter ◽

Butter Fat ◽

Composition Variation ◽

Texture Parameters ◽

The Impact

The textural properties of butter are influenced by its fat content and implicitly by the fatty acids composition. The impact of butter’s chemical composition variation was studied in accordance with texture and color properties. From 37 fatty acids examined, only 18 were quantified in the analyzed butter fat samples, and approximately 69.120% were saturated, 25.482% were monounsaturated, and 5.301% were polyunsaturated. The butter samples’ viscosity ranged between 0.24 and 2.12 N, while the adhesiveness ranged between 0.286 to 18.19 N·mm. The principal component analysis (PCA) separated the butter samples based on texture parameters, fatty acids concentration, and fat content, which were in contrast with water content. Of the measured color parameters, the yellowness b* color parameter is a relevant indicator that differentiated the analyzed sample into seven statistical groups; the ANOVA statistics highlighted this difference at a level of p < 0.001.

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Colic or Milk Allergy

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.84.5.938 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

pp. 938-939

Author(s):

BRUCE TAUBMAN

Keyword(s):

Milk Protein ◽

Cow’S Milk ◽

Milk Allergy ◽

Cow's Milk ◽

Healthy Infants ◽

Infant Colic ◽

Excessive Crying ◽

Cow’S Milk Protein ◽

Definition Of ◽

The Relationship

In the article by Drs Lothe and Lindberg, they purport to examine the relationship between infant colic and cow's milk protein allergy. However, the majority of the infants they studied did not fit the definition of infants with colic. The authors claimed the definition they used for their study corresponded to that of Wessels et al, Carey, and Schmitt. Yet, each of these physicians defined the syndrome of infant colic as excessive crying in "otherwise healthy" infants.

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Milk fatty acid profile from grazing buffaloes fed a blend of soybean and linseed oils

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-7811 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 67 (3) ◽

pp. 927-934 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

G.A. Gagliostro ◽

E.M. Patiño ◽

M. Sanchez Negrette ◽

G. Sager ◽

L. Castelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Nutritional Value ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Vaccenic Acid ◽

Total Content ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Fat Content ◽

Milk Fatty Acid ◽

Milk Protein Content

The aim of the study was to examine the changes in milk fatty acid (FA) profile of grazing buffaloes fed either low (L, 276g/d) or high (H, 572g/d) doses of a blend (70:30, wt/wt) of soybean and linseed oils. Fourteen multiparous Mediterranean buffaloes grazing on a native pasture were fed 4 kg/day of a commercial concentrate containing no supplemental oil over a pre-experimental period of ten days. The baseline milk production and composition and milk FA profile were measured over the last three days. After this pre-experimental period the animals received the same concentrate added with either the L or H oil doses for 26 additional days. Milk yield (g/animal/day) did not differ at the start (1776 ± 522 and 1662 ± 291 for L and H, respectively, P<0.622) or at the end of the trial (4590 ± 991 and 4847 ± 447 in L and H, respectively, P<0.543). Baseline milk fat content (g/kg) averaged 77.1 (±20.5) in L and 74.3 (±9.9) in H (P<0.10) and was reduced (P<0.031) to 60.7 (±23.6) and 49.4 (±11.2) (P<0.0031) respectively after L and H with no differences between treatments (P<0.277). Baseline milk protein content (L=43.2 ± 3.4 and H= 44.3 ± 6.9g/kg) increased after oil supplementation (P<0.0001) in both L (73.2 ± 6.0g/kg) and H (68.4 ± 4.9g/kg) without differences between oil doses (P<0.123). Milk fat content of 14:0 decreased after oil supplementation only in the H treatment (5.29 to 4.03, P<0.007) whereas that of 16:0 was reduced (P<0.001) at both L (24.49 to 19.75g/100g FA) and H (25.92 to 19.17g/100g FA) doses. The reduction of total content of 12:0 to 16:0 was higher (P<0.052) in H (32.02 to 23.93g/100g FA) than L (30.17 to 25.45g/100g FA). Vaccenic acid content increased (P<0.001) from 5.70 to 13.24g/100g FA in L and from 5.25 to 16.77 in H, with higher results in the in H treatment (P<0.001). Baseline rumenic acid was sharply increased (P<0.001) in L (1.80 to 4.09g/100g FA, +127%) and H (1.60 to 4.61g/100g FA, +187%) with no differences between L and H (P<0.19). Overall, these results indicate a pronounced improvement in the nutritional value of milk fat from grazing buffaloes fed little amounts (0.276g/day) of a blend of soybean and linseed oils.

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Genetic polymorphism of milk protein loci in Argentinian Holstein cattle

Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.1590/s1415-47572000000400019 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 819-823 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Adriana Gloria Bonvillani ◽

Miguel Angel Di Renzo ◽

Iván Nicolás Tiranti

Keyword(s):

Genetic Polymorphism ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Genotypic Diversity ◽

Genetic Distances ◽

Holstein Cattle ◽

Starch Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Beta Casein ◽

Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium ◽

Quality Of Milk ◽

Beta Lactoglobulin

Some alleles of milk protein loci are associated with superior cheese production characteristics. The genetic polymorphism of the milk protein loci alphas1-casein, beta-casein, k-casein and beta-lactoglobulin was examined in Argentinian Holstein cattle. Samples from 12 herds of four regions of Córdoba were analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis. The chi² test was used to assess whether the populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Genotypic diversity was analyzed by the Shannon-Weaver index. The observed genotypic frequencies were analyzed by Hedrick's genetic identity and the genetic distance of Balakrishnan and Sanghvi. The allelic and genotypic frequencies were similar to those of other Holstein populations. The genotypic frequencies of the alphas1-casein and beta-casein loci were in equilibrium, whereas in some populations the k-casein and beta-lactoglobulin loci were not. According to the Shannon-Weaver index the total genetic diversity within each herd was greater than 96%. The high values of identity agreed with the low genetic distances among populations. We conclude that there is extensive genetic homogeneity in Holstein cattle in Córdoba Province and that it would be feasible to select for B alleles at the k-casein and b-lactoglobulin loci in order to improve the quality of milk available for cheese manufacturing.

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The chemical composition and technological properties of milk obtained from the morning and evening milking

Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis ◽

10.11118/actaun200856050187 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 187-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Martin Skýpala ◽

Gustav Chládek

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Protein Production ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Fat Content ◽

Total Solids ◽

Milk Protein Content ◽

Solids Content ◽

Morning Milk

Milk yield varies during lactation, following what is termed a lactation curve. ŽIŽLAVSKÝ and MIKŠÍK (1988) recorded changes in milk yield within a day, too. TEPLÝ et al. (1979) a KOUŘIMSKÁ et al. (2007) published variation within a day ± 1.10 kg in milk yield, ± 0.75 % in milk fat content and ± 0.20 % in milk protein content. Milk yield of cows can be expressed in many different ways, for instance, in kilograms per lactation or in kilograms per day. A practical parameter describing milk production is milk yield (kg) per milking.The object of experiment were 12 cows of Holstein cattle on the first lactation from the 100-day of lactation to 200-day of lactation. The samples of milk were collected from January to May 2007, once a month from the morning and evening milking (milking interval 12 h ± 15 min.). The following parameters were monitored: milk production – milk yield (kg), milk protein production (kg), milk fat production (kg); milk composition – milk protein content (%), milk fat content (%), lactose content (%), milk solids-not-fat content (%), milk total solids content (%); technological properties of milk – titratable acidity (SH), active acidity (pH), rennet coagulation time (s), quality of curd (class) and somatic cell count as a parameter of udder health.Highly significant differences were found (P < 0.01) between morning milk yield (15.7 kg) and evening milk yield (13.8 kg), between morning milk protein production (0.51 kg) and evening milk protein production (0.45 kg) and between evening milk fat content (4.41 %) and morning milk fat content (3.95 %). A significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between morning milk total solids content (12.62 %) and evening milk total solids content (12.07 %). No significant differences were found between morning (M) and evening (E) values of the remaining parameters: milk fat production (M 0.62 kg; E 0.60 kg), milk protein content (M 3.24 %; E 3.27 %), milk lactose content (M 4.78 %; E 4.86 %), milk solids-not-fat content (M 7.69 %; E 7.71 %), somatic cell count (M 80 000/1 mL; E 101 000/1 mL), titratable acidity (M 7.75 SH; E 7.64 SH), active acidity (M pH 6.58; E pH 6.61), rennet coagulation time (M 189 s.; E 191 s.), quality of curd (M 1.60 class; E 1.57 class).

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Joint effects of CSN3 and LGB genotypes and their relation to breeding values of milk production parameters in Czech Fleckvieh

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/2273-cjas ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 52 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 83-87 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Matějíček ◽

J. Matějíčková ◽

E. Němcová ◽

O.M. Jandurová ◽

M. Štípková ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Production ◽

Fat Content ◽

Progeny Testing ◽

Genotype Combination ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Joint Effects ◽

Production Parameters ◽

Pcr Rflp ◽

Beta Lactoglobulin

The objective of this study was to estimate the joint effects of CSN3 and LGB genotypes on breeding values of milk production parameters. CSN3 (kappa-casein) and LGB (beta-lactoglobulin) genotypes of 120 Czech Fleckvieh sires were detected using the PCR-RFLP method. Breeding values of sires were obtained from the Official Database of Progeny Testing. Ten genotype combinations were detected. Genotypes ABAB (25.0%), ABAA (13.3%) and ABBB (13.3%) were the most frequent. Significant effects of genotype combinations on breeding values for fat and protein content were found. The highest breeding values for milk (+621 kg) and protein (+15.8 kg) yields were associated with genotype combination ABAA, while the highest breeding values for content parameters (+0.15% for protein content and +0.55% for fat content) were associated with genotype combination BBAB.

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PRODUCTION TRAITS OF RED AND WHITE RELATIVE TO BLACK AND WHITE HOLSTEINS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas88-032 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 299-303

Author(s):

P. G. SULLIVAN ◽

J. W. WILTON ◽

B. J. VAN DOORMAAL

Keyword(s):

Milk Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Dairy Production ◽

Production Traits ◽

Black And White ◽

Genetic Overlap ◽

Fat Yield ◽

And Performance ◽

Genetic Evaluations ◽

Genetic Trends

Canadian red and white (RW) and black and white (BW) Holsteins were compared for several production traits based on genetic evaluations of 32 RW and 883 BW bulls, and performance data of 4161 RW and 8691 BW cows. Differences (P < 0.05), favoring BW, were observed for milk and milk fat yield of cows, and for milk fat and milk protein yield evaluations of bulls. There was, however, a large genetic overlap between the populations for all traits studied. Pleiotropic effects associated with the color gene were not detected as being important. Phenotypic trends for milk yield, milk fat yield, and milk fat percent were significantly greater for BW than RW cows (P < 0.01). Genetic trends were greater for RW cows, though not significantly (P > 0.05). Key words: Dairy production, genetic trends, Holstein (red and white), Holstein (black and white)

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Occurrence of preterm calving in Great Britain and associations with milk production and reproductive performance in dairy cattle

Veterinary Record Open ◽

10.1136/vetreco-2017-000221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. e000221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angela Filipa Damaso ◽

Martina Velasova ◽

Steven Van Winden ◽

Yu-mei Chang ◽

Javier Guitian

Keyword(s):

Great Britain ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Study Groups ◽

Survival Times ◽

Kaplan Meier ◽

Butter Fat ◽

Potential Risk Factors ◽

On Farm

This study describes the occurrence of preterm calving in Great Britain and evaluates its associations with subsequent milk production and reproductive performances and survival on farm of dairy cows. A total of 53 British dairy farms and 5759 animals with detailed breeding and milk recording data available were used to form two study groups: preterm calving (calving occurring between days 266 and 277 of gestation) and full-term calving (calving occurring at 278 days of gestation and over). Mixed effects models were implemented to compare milk production, clinical cases of mastitis and number of services per conception between groups. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses compared time from calving to conception, calving interval and survival on farm between groups. Preterm calving cows showed significantly lower milk yield (P<0.01) and butter fat per cent (P=0.02), increased milk protein per cent (P=0.01), longer survival on farm (P<0.01), and a tendency for shorter calving to conception intervals and fewer services per conception, although other factors were involved in the reproduction outcomes. Experiencing a preterm calving is associated with lower milk production and longer survival times on farm. Potential risk factors for preterm calving, such as infectious diseases, diet and husbandry practices, should be further investigated.

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Composition of major proteins in cow milk differing in mean protein concentration during the first 155 days of lactation and the influence of season as well as short-term restricted feeding in early and mid-lactation

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/7289-cjas ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 59 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 97-106 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

K. Gellrich ◽

H.H.D. Meyer ◽

S. Wiedemann

Keyword(s):

Milk Protein ◽

Acute Stress ◽

Relative Concentration ◽

Protein Composition ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Beta Casein ◽

Beta Lactoglobulin ◽

Alpha Lactalbumin

A variety of proteins contributes greatly to the unique nutritional and functional quality of dairy cow milk. Particularly, milk casein content and composition have substantial influence on the processing capabilities. In the present study, milk of 23 multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows, grouped as high- (3.49 ± 0.05%; n = 11) and low-protein (3.03 ± 0.05%; n = 12) cows, was sampled approximately weekly during the first 155 days of lactation to determine the course of relative milk protein composition (α-lactalbumin; β-lactoglobulin; α-, β-, and κ-casein). Furthermore, feed restrictions by 30% of dry matter intake in early and mid-lactation as well as experimental tissue biopsies were conducted to observe their effect on milk protein composition. Milk protein composition was relatively stable and displayed similar concentration patterns throughout the experimental period between both groups. Mean relative concentrations of α-, β-, κ-casein, α-lactalbumin, and β-lactoglobulin were 34.2, 31.4, 16.0, 2.1, and 9.7% of total protein, respectively. Feed restrictions did not alter milk protein composition, whereas the season influenced α- and β-casein as well as α-lactalbumin. Further, effects were observed in both groups at times of unfamiliar stressful situations caused by taking liver or muscle biopsies. As a result, the relative concentration of β-casein increased. Therefore, acute stress factors may lead to a deviation in milk protein composition and should be avoided.  

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Impact of milk and nutrient intake of piglets and sow milk composition on piglet growth and body composition at weaning

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skaa060 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Camilla Kaae Hojgaard ◽

Thomas Sønderby Bruun ◽

Peter Kappel Theil

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Body Fat ◽

Milk Protein ◽

Live Weight ◽

Milk Composition ◽

Fat Content ◽

Milk Intake ◽

Body Fat Content ◽

Piglet Growth

Abstract The main objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of milk intake, milk composition, and nutrient intake on piglet growth in lactation and body composition at weaning. To evaluate the body composition of piglets, data from one experiment (44 Danish Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc piglets) were used to develop prediction equations for body pools of fat, protein, ash, and water based on live weight and deuterium dilution space (exp. 1). Furthermore, a total of 294 piglets (Danish Landrace × Yorkshire × Duroc) from 21 sows of second parity were included in a second experiment (exp. 2). In exp. 2, piglet live weight was recorded on days 3, 10, 17, and 25 of lactation. On the same days, the milk intake and body composition were measured, using the deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution technique. Piglet weight gain was highly positively correlated with the intake of milk and the intake of milk constituents each week and on an overall basis having r values ranging from 0.65 to 0.93 (P < 0.001). When evaluating regressions for piglet growth, the milk intake in combination with the milk protein concentration explained 85% and 87% of the total variation in piglet gain in the second and third week of lactation, respectively, whereas milk intake was the only predictor of piglet gain in the first week of lactation explaining 81% of the variation. Fat, protein, and energy retention rates were all highly positively correlated with the daily intake of milk and intake of milk nutrients with r values ranging from 0.76 to 0.94 (P < 0.001). Piglet gain and retention rates were rather weakly correlated with the milk composition with r values ranging from 0.01 to 0.50 (being either negative or positive). Curvilinear response curves were fitted for live weight gain and body fat content at weaning in response to milk protein concentration, showing that live weight gain was slightly greater and body fat content was slightly lower at 4.9% milk protein, but it should be emphasized that the quadratic effects did not reach significance. Body fat content at weaning was positively related with the intake of milk (R2 = 0.44, P < 0.001) and milk fat (R2 = 0.46, P < 0.01). In conclusion, milk intake had a major impact on the piglet growth rate, and milk fat intake greatly influenced the body fat percentage at weaning, whereas milk composition per se only played a minor role for these traits.

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