scholarly journals TWO-COMPONENT HERBICIDE HORS D, KS FOR THE PROTECTION OF CORN CROPS

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Anatoly Savva ◽  
Tamara Telezhenko ◽  
Sergey Kovalev ◽  
Valeriya Suvorova
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Experimental Scheme ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Methodological Guidelines

The research was carried out to assess the biological and economic effectiveness of the new two-component herbicide Hors D, KS (220 g/l dicamba (sodium salt) and 50 g/l nicosulfuron) of LLC “Agro Expert Group” on corn crops in Krasnodar Krai. The experiments were carried out in the field conditions of All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection in 2018-2019 according to the methodological guidelines for registration tests of herbicides in agriculture. The soil is leached chernozem. The area of the plots is 25 m2, the repetition rate is 4 times, the flow rate of the working fluid is 200 l/ha. The experimental scheme included the use of the tested herbicide Hors D, KS in the application rates of 0.6; 0.8 and 1.2 l/ha. Carleone preparation was used as a standard, EC (0.3 and 0.6 l/ha) and control (without herbicides). The treatment was carried out in the phase of 3...5 leaves of the culture. The contamination of corn crops averaged 83 copies/m2. The herbicidal effect of the drugs was assessed by reducing the number and weight of weeds, as well as by the crop yield in comparison with the control. Weeds: common hedgehog, glaucous bristle, ragweed wormwood, tilted backward and Californian cocklebur showed a high sensitivity to drugs. The use of 0.6...1.2 l/ha of Hors D, KS led to an 80 ... 100% herbicidal effect. There was no negative effect of the drug for corn plants, crop yield increases were obtained, which amounted to 62.0...74.7% of the control. The obtained data for two years showed high biological and economic efficiency of the herbicide Hors D, KS against annual dicotyledonous and cereal weeds in corn crops

​Factors Affecting Production of Important Pulse Crops in Rajasthan: A Cobb Douglas Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra Kumar Verma ◽  
Hari Singh ◽  
Girdhari lal Meena ◽  
Jitendra Suman ◽  
Sharad Sachan
Keyword(s):  
Production Function ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Pulse Crops ◽  
Human Labour ◽  
Negative Effect

Background: Pulses are one of the most important food crops grown globally owed to their higher protein content. It also accounts for larger financial gains of the agricultural sector by amounting for a large part of the exports. The present study was carried out to determine the factors affecting production of pulse crops in Rajasthan. Methods: This paper based on secondary data collected over the years i.e. from 2000-01 to 2017-18. The Cobb-douglas production function was used to the observation for the estimation of elasticity of selected variables contributing to the production of pulses in Rajasthan state, Cobb douglas type production function was employed to assess the effects of seed, fertilizer, manure, human labour, irrigation, bullock labour and plant protection measures on pulses production. Result: The results from the study have shown that fertilizer and plant protection measures were positively significant while the variable corresponding to irrigation water was negatively significantly affecting the gram production. The variables such as seed and irrigation water were found positive and significant, while plant protection measures had significant negative effect on black gram production. Only two variables namely, fertilizer and irrigation water were found positively significant out of estimating production function of green gram.

scholarly journals Land disposal potential of tobacco processing residues

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marino José Tedesco ◽  
Márcio Henrique Lauschner ◽  
Clesio Gianello ◽  
Leandro Bortolon ◽  
Claudio Henrique Kray
Keyword(s):  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Water Drainage ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Supplementation ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Land Disposal ◽  
Corn Plants

Brazil is one of the leaders in the production and trading of tobacco leaves in the global market, which results in a large amount of residues that would be recycled and used as soil fertilizers in agriculture. This research aimed to study the land disposal potential and agricultural use of tobacco processing residues (TPRs), their mineralization and the nutrient supply to the plants. The study was carried out in an open area using pots with 32dm³ of a sandy soil (Paleudult), provided with water drainage collectors and tilled with three corn plants each. Eighteen treatments were tested with mineral fertilization, poultry manure (PM), earthworm compost (EC) and increasing rates (0, 7.5, 15, 30 e 60t ha-1) of TPR D (dust) and TPR S (stem fibers).Treatments with TPRs (15t ha-1) plus mineral supplementation two by two (NP, NK and PK) were also tested, with four replications each. The experiment started in 01/15/2004 and conducted until 03/16/2004, when corn plants were harvested. The response curves showed that the residues application rates between 15 and 20t ha-1 are most adequate for the studied soil. The results indicated that both TPRs may be important sources of biomass and potash and have potential to be recycled in the soil, supplying part of the macronutrients required for proper plant growth.

scholarly journals APLICAÇÃO DE NITROGÊNIO COMPLEMENTAR VIA FOLIAR NA CULTURA DO MILHO SUBMETIDO AO DESPENDOAMENTO

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132
Author(s):  
CRIZ RENÊ ZANOVELLO ◽  
FABIANO PACENTCHUK ◽  
JAQUELINE HUZAR-NOVAKOWISKI ◽  
GUILHERME ZAMBONIN ◽  
ANTHONY HASEGAWA SANDINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Negative Effect

RESUMO – O milho é uma planta monoica, e a geração de novos híbridos exige a remoção do pendão das plantas.Sabe-se que a remoção do pendão possui efeito negativo na produtividade da cultura. Contudo, a aplicação de Ncomplementar, via foliar, poderia minimizar essas perdas. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar como o Ncomplementar afeta a produtividade e os componentes de rendimento da cultura do milho submetida ao despendoamento.O estudo foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 x 3 x 5, sendo duas safras(2014/15 e 2015/16), três momentos de despendoamento (sem despondoamento, arranquio de 2-3 folhas e arranquiode 4-5 folhas antes do pendoamento) e cinco doses de N complementar (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) aplicadas no estádio depré-pendoamento (VT). Não foi verificada interação N complementar X despendoamento para nenhuma das variáveisestudadas. A menor produtividade foi verificada no despendoamento de 4-5 folhas. A aplicação de N complementaraumentou a produtividade da cultura do milho, e a aplicação de 11,5 L ha-1 incrementou a produtividade em 448 kgha-1. O despendoamento diminuiu a produtividade da cultura do milho, quanto mais precoce o despendoamento, maisnegativo é o efeito na produtividade.Palavras-chave: Melhoramento genético, N complementar, pendoamento, produção de sementes, Zea mays.FOLIAR APPLICATION OF COMPLEMENTARY NITROGEN,IN MAIZE SUBJECTED TO DETASSELINGABSTRACT – Maize is a monoic plant and the generation of new hybrids requires the removal of the tassel from theplants, which has a negative effect on crop yield. However, the use of complementary leaf nitrogen (N) fertilization,could minimize the yield losses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect os the application ofcomplementary N affects on yield of the maize crop subjected to detasseling. The study was carried out in a randomizedcomplete block design, with a 2 x 3 x 5 factorial scheme and four replications. Two growing seasons (2014/15 and2015/16), three detasseling moments (without detasseling, detasseling of 2-3 leaves, and detasseling of 4-5 leaves)and five doses of complementary N (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 L ha-1) applied at the VT stage. There was no interaction betweencomplementary N and detasseling for any of the variables studied. The lowest yield was verified with the detasselingof 4-5 leaves. The application of complementary N showed a positive effect on maize yield, and the application of 11.5L ha-1 of complementary N provided yield increase of 448 kg ha-1. The detasseling technique had negative effects onmaize crop yield, the earlier is the detasseling, the more negative is the effect on yield.Keywords: Genetic improvement, Seed production, tasseling, Zea mays.

scholarly journals Innovation technologies for defining developing periods of Eurygaster integriceps Puton in corn plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
G.M. Musayeva ◽  
X.K Yaxyayev
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Computer Systems ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Eurygaster Integriceps ◽  
Corn Plants

Quantitative and qualitative crop growing through monitoring and complex plant protection methods application of developing processes of the main corn plants pest, Eurygaster integriceps Puton, is one of the important tasks of agriculture. The fitomonitoring method allows us to make corrections to corn producing technologies, to define any factors negative affect and to create optimal conditions for cultures development. In the present paper the investigations results carried out on realization these tasks based on innovation automated computer systems have been presented.

scholarly journals Germination of chia seeds submitted to saline stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-289
Author(s):  
R. Stefanello ◽  
B. B. Viana ◽  
P. C. H. Goergen ◽  
L. A. S. Neves ◽  
U. R. Nunes
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Soil And Water

Abstract Salinity, of both soil and water, is one of the main causes of crop yield decline. Within this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of different salts on the germination of chia seeds. The experiment was conducted in a BOD chamber at a constant temperature of 20 °C and in the presence of light. The seeds were placed on paper soaked with aqueous solutions of calcium chloride (CaCl2), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and magnesium chloride (MgCl2), at the osmotic potentials zero, -0.10, -0.20, -0.30, and -0.40 MPa. The effect of the salinity was evaluated using a germination test, with counts on days 7 and 14 after sowing. Based on the results, chia seeds tolerate concentrations of NaCl to -0.4 MPa and KCl to -0.20 MPa. The salts CaCl2 and MgCl2 had a negative effect on the germination and vigor of the chia seeds for the osmotic potentials -0.30 MPa and -0.20 MPa, respectively.

Centrifugal Manometer

1959 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-348
Author(s):  
J. F. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Maximum Range ◽  
Normal Laboratory

The operating principles and mechanical construction of a micromanometer, which utilizes air in lieu of a liquid as working fluid, are described. Some of the noteworthy features of the instrument include its high sensitivity and accuracy, quick response, wide range, and ease of manipulation. Differential pressures of the order of 5 × 10−3 mm water gage can be measured with an error of 1 per cent under normal laboratory conditions. The maximum range of the prototype described is 25 mm water gage, and the corresponding error at this value amounts to about 0.25 per cent.

scholarly journals The Evanescent GacS Signal

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1746
Author(s):  
Xavier Latour
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathway ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Transduction Pathway ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Two Component System ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Bacterial Fitness

The GacS histidine kinase is the membrane sensor of the major upstream two-component system of the regulatory Gac/Rsm signal transduction pathway. This pathway governs the expression of a wide range of genes in pseudomonads and controls bacterial fitness and motility, tolerance to stress, biofilm formation, and virulence or plant protection. Despite the importance of these roles, the ligands binding to the sensor domain of GacS remain unknown, and their identification is an exciting challenge in this domain. At high population densities, the GacS signal triggers a switch from primary to secondary metabolism and a change in bacterial lifestyle. It has been suggested, based on these observations, that the GacS signal is a marker of the emergence of nutritional stress and competition. Biochemical investigations have yet to characterize the GacS signal fully. However, they portray this cue as a low-molecular weight, relatively simple and moderately apolar metabolite possibly resembling, but nevertheless different, from the aliphatic organic acids acting as quorum-sensing signaling molecules in other Proteobacteria. Significant progress in the development of metabolomic tools and new databases dedicated to Pseudomonas metabolism should help to unlock some of the last remaining secrets of GacS induction, making it possible to control the Gac/Rsm pathway.

scholarly journals Effect of Porous Medium and Copper Heat Sink on Cooling of Heat-Generating Element

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina Astanina ◽  
Mikhail Sheremet ◽  
U. S. Mahabaleshwar ◽  
Jitender Singh
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transport ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Variable Viscosity ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Heat Conducting ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Temperature Dependent Viscosity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Dependent Viscosity

Cooling of heat-generating elements is a challenging problem in engineering. In this article, the transient free convection of a temperature-dependent viscosity liquid inside the porous cavity with copper radiator and the heat-generating element is studied using mathematical modeling techniques. The vertical and top walls of the chamber are kept at low constant temperature, while the bottom wall is kept adiabatic. The working fluid is a heat-conducting liquid with temperature-dependent viscosity. A mathematical model is developed based on dimensionless stream function, vorticity, and temperature variables. The governing properties are the variable viscosity, geometric parameters of the radiator, and size of thermally insulated strip on vertical surfaces of the cavity. The effect of these parameters on the energy transport and circulation patterns are analyzed numerically. Based on the numerical results obtained, recommendations are given on the optimal values of the governing parameters for the effective operation of the cooling system. It is shown that the optimal number of radiator fins for the cooling system configuration under consideration is 3. In addition, the thermal insulation of the vertical walls and the increased thickness of the radiator fins have a negative effect on the operation of the cooling system.

scholarly journals The CLO3403/CLO3404 Two-Component System of Clostridium botulinum E1 Beluga Is Important for Cold Shock Response and Growth at Low Temperatures

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 399-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Mascher ◽  
Yağmur Derman ◽  
David G. Kirk ◽  
Eveliina Palonen ◽  
Miia Lindström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Cold Shock ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cold Shock Response ◽  
Two Component ◽  
Shock Response ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Group Ii

ABSTRACTIn order to survive a temperature downshift, bacteria have to sense the changing environment and adjust their metabolism and structure. Two-component signal transduction systems (TCSs) play a central role in sensing and responding to many different environmental stimuli. Although the nonproteolytic (group II)Clostridium botulinumrepresents a major hazard in chilled foods, the cold adaption mechanisms of group IIC. botulinumorganisms are not known. Here, we show that the CLO3403/CLO3404 TCS ofC. botulinumE1 Beluga is involved in the cold shock response and growth at 12°C. Cold shock induced the expression of the genes encoding the histidine kinase (clo3403) and the response regulator (clo3404) by more than 100-fold after 5 h relative to their expression in a nonshocked culture at the corresponding time point. The involvement of CLO3403/CLO3404 in growth at low temperature was demonstrated by impaired growth of the insertionalclo3403andclo3404knockout mutants at 12°C compared to the growth of the wild-type culture. Additionally, the inactivation ofclo3403had a negative effect on motility. The growth efficiency at 12°C of the TCS mutants and the motility of the kinase mutants were restored by introducing a plasmid harboring the operon of the CLO3403/CLO3404 TCS. The results suggest that the CLO3403/CLO3404 TCS is important for the cold tolerance ofC. botulinumE1 Beluga.

Effect of row width on herbicide and cultivation requirements in row crops

1992 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Forcella ◽  
Mark E. Westgate ◽  
Dennis D. Warnes
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Row Crops ◽  
Low Input ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Herbicide Use

AbstractCrops grown in narrow rows (NR, 0.25 to 0.38 m) shade weed seedlings more than do those grown in traditional wide rows (WR, 0.76 m). NR crops may require less herbicide and interrow cultivation than WR crops for equally effective weed control. This hypothesis was tested by comparing weed control and crop yield in NR and WR crops when the following percentages of recommended application rates (RAR) of standard herbicides were applied: soybean, 0, 50 and 100%; sunflower, 0, 25, 50, and 100%; and corn, 0, 33, and 100% in three separate sets of experiments conducted over 2, 3, and 4 years, respectively. In all treatments with 100% RAR, excellent weed control prevented reductions in crop yield. When only 25 to 50% RAR was applied, weed control was consistently high in NR (82 to 99% control), but variable in WR (42 to 99% control). Weed control and crop yields typically were lowest in NR without herbicides. Interrow cultivation controlled 0 to 81% of weeds in WR crops. In reduced herbicide treatments (25 to 50% RAR), yields of NR soybean and sunflower typically were about equal to those in WR with 100% RAR, but NR corn yields were about 10% less. Considering the reduced herbicide use and lower weed control costs, planting corn, soybean, and sunflower in narrow rows may represent a practical form of low-input production of these important crops.

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