Automatic Flaw Detector Channels Sensitivity Adjustment with the Use of an Adaptive Threshold

NDT World ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Кисляковский ◽  
Oleg Kislyakovsky ◽  
Чистякова ◽  
Olga Chistyakova ◽  
Тарабрин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Optimal Algorithm ◽  
Diagnostic System ◽  
Adaptive Threshold ◽  
Flaw Detector ◽  
Small Radius ◽  
Maximum Information ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. With high-speed total ultrasonic testing (UT) of the rails, the urgent task is to provide the required testing sensitivity under the impact of a significant number of adverse factors caused by the following reasons:  unstable acoustic contact;  incorrect flaw detector channel settings due to underskilled staff;  a misalignment, for example when passing a small radius curve or when rails have significant lateral wear. The listed factors lead to level changing of echo signals within a wide dynamic range as well as to echo amplitudes ratio changing of useful and noise signals. In contrast to manual testing when an operator has the possibility of multiple scanning, total rails testing by a mobile diagnostic system is fulfilled by only a single scan. The objective of the work was to develop an optimal algorithm of flaw detector channels sensitivity adjustment and formulate the reasonable requirements for a mathematical model and hardware. Method. Theoretical researches and experimental work were conducted and resulted in the development of a multichannel flaw detector for inspection of rails by mobile means. The analysis of different mathematical models has enabled the optimal algorithm for automatic channels sensitivity adjustment to be developed. Results. The developed algorithm has allowed minimizing the impact of the negative factors and compensating the sensitivity to the level that enables high-speed single-scan rails testing to be fulfilled and maximum information at a high level of reliability to be recorded. Implementation of the adaptive threshold principle has made it possible to develop and offer the technique and technology for automatic flaw detector channels sensitivity adjustment. Conclusion. The offered technique and technology can be fully put into practice with the developed flaw detector and its control software.

scholarly journals Medico-Legal Implications of C1 Vertebral Fractures. Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 404-408
Author(s):  
Tatiana Iov ◽  
Diana Bulgaru-Iliescu ◽  
Simona Damian ◽  
A. Knieling ◽  
Mădălina Maria Diac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Spine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Spine Fractures ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
To Come ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cervical Spine Fractures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction: The upper C1-C2 column is the subject of several erroneous diagnostics. The most common mechanisms of injuries include fall from high-impact skulls, car accidents, etc. Vertebra C1 can also be injured by mild trauma. The Japanese show that atlas fractures occur in about 2-13% of the cervical spine fractures and about 1.3% of the total spinal cord injuries. It is underlined that CT examination is the most useful diagnostic method. The Czechs show that the atlas lesions appear in 1-2% of the cervical spine lesions. Americans reported fracture of the atlas in 7% of the cervical spine fractures. Even if CT has shown its value, lateral radiography is recommended in C1-C2 fractures. When victims are children or people injured in high-speed car crashes, the reported mechanisms were the fall from a high level and the impact on the tip of the flexed skull. The Italians mention that the C1-C2 area is the most exposed diagnostic area with errors. Material and methods: given the difficulty of establishing a diagnosis of C1 type fractures, we present in this paper such a case. We highlight the value of a CT scan. The victim is a 26-year-old woman with a trauma from the wall. The main issue in this case is that the diagnosis made by the radiologist seems to be wrong, the electronic and imprinted copies are of inferior quality. A second opinion revealed a very fine fracture that seemed to come from an older date than the date when the victim claimed she was assaulted. The better the lesions, the more misleading the interpretations. Any imaginary imaging lesion, especially if it is obvious in electronic reconstructions, must be brought to the attention of the physician if they are taken into account by "image". The axial CT sections may omit some lesions under certain conditions, for example at the upper and lower poles of a spherical, ovoid or cubic structure, such as the atlas lateral mass. Conclusions: the diagnostic solution in this case is the reconstruction of the axial sections in several planes. The crack can be highlighted, in the case of a reconstructed image, only after stacking the axial images. The mechanism could be through sudden compression, during a sudden head movement, uninitiated and uncontrolled by the neck muscles, when a movement occurs over the degree of elasticity of the occiput-atlas joint, the occipital condyles compressing abruptly, unilaterally one of the atlas masses. In such clinical cases, we experience pain, muscle contraction and torticollis, on a normal neurological background.

scholarly journals Design of Helix Antenna for 9.2GHz in FEKO for FSO/RF Hybrid System Focused on Height of Helix

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-7
Author(s):  
Michal Márton ◽  
Ľuboš Ovseník ◽  
Ján Turán ◽  
Michal Špes ◽  
Jakub Urbanský
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Weather Changes ◽  
Rf Antenna ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Nowadays we are living in the ages of expansion of communication. The young generation depends on the online communications with other. Each of the devices is purposed to communication. Cloud data storage systems are available only with stable connection. Requirements are growing up to date. The answer on these requirements: the high speed of transmission, high level of security and wide bandwidth are optical communication systems. This system offers comparable features as optical system with physical optical fibers. But it has one big drawback. It is sensitivity to weather changes. We have to make backup link for case of outages. One part of design FSO/RF system in our case contains selection of appropriate type of RF antenna. We are looking for appropriate candidate. This paper is focused on analysis of helix antenna operating in non-licensed frequency range on 9.2GHz. The point of this paper is the examination of the impact of the height of helix designed antenna.

scholarly journals The role of quality standards for chemical products existing on the markets of the European Union in development of innovative entrepreneurship

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 01092
Author(s):  
Anna Starodubova ◽  
Chulpan Misbakhova ◽  
Nailya Gareeva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Trade ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Innovation Product ◽  
Chemical Products ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

The article studies the method of assessment of the impact of standards on the results of the industry: innovation, product quality, generation of waste, level of “Green Economy” and foreign trade. The approbation which has been carried out for chemical products from 26 countries of the EU in 2018 (based on the cluster analysis is given in the study). It has been concluded that the high level of coverage of standards stimulates innovation of recycling. The level of foreign trade, and the generation of waste occur regardless of the level of coverage of the standards. The high speed of implementation of the standard ensures the high level of “Green Economy”. The more permanent policy of standards ensures high quality of products. Germany is the benchmark for the high level of influence of standards on the results in the chemical industry. For the rest counties of the EU, the potential of standards is not fully disclosed for reasons of insufficient coverage of standards or a large volume of waste. This assessment allows finding the benchmark of the country for study of the positive impact of standards and it helps to identify the successful strategies of standards for achieving high results in the industry.

ПРАГМАТИЧНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ НАТИВНОЇ РЕКЛАМИ: ФОРМИ, ТРЕНДИ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ НАТИВНОГО КОНТЕНТУ В СОЦІАЛЬНІЙ МЕРЕЖІ FACEBOOK ЩОДО БРЕНДА ФАКУЛЬТЕТУ ЖУРНАЛІСТИКИ ЗНУ)

2020 ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
V. Kovpak ◽  
N. Trotsenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Professional Training ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
The Social ◽  
National University ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact

<div><p><em>The article analyzes the peculiarities of the format of native advertising in the media space, its pragmatic potential (in particular, on the example of native content in the social network Facebook by the brand of the journalism department of ZNU), highlights the types and trends of native advertising. The following research methods were used to achieve the purpose of intelligence: descriptive (content content, including various examples), comparative (content presentation options) and typological (types, trends of native advertising, in particular, cross-media as an opportunity to submit content in different formats (video, audio, photos, text, infographics, etc.)), content analysis method using Internet services (using Popsters service). And the native code for analytics was the page of the journalism department of Zaporizhzhya National University on the social network Facebook. After all, the brand of the journalism department of Zaporozhye National University in 2019 celebrates its 15th anniversary. The brand vector is its value component and professional training with balanced distribution of theoretical and practical blocks (seven practices), student-centered (democratic interaction and high-level teacher-student dialogue) and integration into Ukrainian and world educational process (participation in grant programs).</em></p></div><p><em>And advertising on social networks is also a kind of native content, which does not appear in special blocks, and is organically inscribed on one page or another and unobtrusively offers, just remembering the product as if «to the word». Popsters service functionality, which evaluates an account (or linked accounts of one person) for 35 parameters, but the main three areas: reach or influence, or how many users evaluate, comment on the recording; true reach – the number of people affected; network score – an assessment of the audience’s response to the impact, or how far the network information diverges (how many share information on this page).</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> nativeness, native advertising, branded content, special project, communication strategy.</em></p>

THE IMPACT OF UKRAINE'S EXCISE DUTY POLICY ON THE TRANSFORMATION PROCESSES OF THE TOBACCO MARKET

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (10) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Nadiia NOVYTSKA ◽  
◽  
Inna KHLIEBNIKOVA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tax Avoidance ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Excise Duty ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Transformation Processes

The market of tobacco products in Ukraine is one of the most dynamic and competitive. It develops under the influence of certain factors that cause structural changes, therefore, the aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of transformation processes in the market of tobacco and their alternatives in Ukraine and identify the factors that cause them. The high level of tax burden and the proliferation of alternative products with a potentially lower risk to human health, including heating tobacco products and e-cigarettes, are key factors in the market’s transformation process. Their presence leads to an increase in illicit turnover of tobacco products, which accounts for 6.37% of the market, and the gradual replacement of cigarettes with alternative products, which account for 12.95%. The presence on the market of products that are not taxed or taxed at lower rates is one of the reasons for the reduction of excise duty revenues. According to the results of 2019, the planned indicators of revenues were not met by 23.5%. Other reasons for non-fulfillment of excise duty revenues include: declining dynamics of the tobacco products market; reduction in the number of smokers; reorientation of «cheap whites» cigarette flows from Ukraine to neighboring countries; tax avoidance. Prospects for further research are identified, namely the need to develop measures for state regulation and optimization of excise duty taxation of tobacco products and their alternatives, taking into account the risks to public health and increasing demand of illegal products.

Modeling of Tread Block Contact Mechanics Using Linear Viscoelastic Theory3

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Liu ◽  
M. P. F. Sutcliffe ◽  
W. R. Graham
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Slip Rate ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Block Modeling ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic Material ◽  
Linear Viscoelastic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract In an effort to understand the dynamic hub forces on road vehicles, an advanced free-rolling tire-model is being developed in which the tread blocks and tire belt are modeled separately. This paper presents the interim results for the tread block modeling. The finite element code ABAQUS/Explicit is used to predict the contact forces on the tread blocks based on a linear viscoelastic material model. Special attention is paid to investigating the forces on the tread blocks during the impact and release motions. A pressure and slip-rate-dependent frictional law is applied in the analysis. A simplified numerical model is also proposed where the tread blocks are discretized into linear viscoelastic spring elements. The results from both models are validated via experiments in a high-speed rolling test rig and found to be in good agreement.

Role of Credit Rating in determining Capital structure: Evidence from Non-Financial sector of Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shoaib Ali ◽  
Imran Yousaf ◽  
Muhammad Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Credit Rating ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Leverage Ratio ◽  
Financial Decisions ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Capital Structure

This paper aims to examine the impact of external credit ratings on the financial decisions of the firms in Pakistan.  This study uses the annual data of 70 non-financial firms for the period 2012-2018. It uses ordinary least square (OLS) to estimate the impact of credit rating on capital structure. The results show that rated firm has a high level of leverage. Moreover, Profitability and tanagability are also found to be a significantly negative determinant of the capital structure, whereas, size of the firm has a significant positive relationship with the capital structure of the firm.  Besides, there exists a non-linear relationship between the credit rating and the capital structure. The rated firms have higher leverage as compared to the non-rated firms. The high and low rated firms have a low level of leverage, while mid rated firms have a higher leverage ratio. The finding of the study have practical implications for the manager; they can have easier access to the financial market by just having a credit rating no matter high or low. Policymakers must stress upon the rating agencies to keep improving themselves as their rating severs as the measure to judge the creditworthiness of the firm by both the investors and management as well.

Case study: Prediction and field tests of railway noise and effects of a low-height noise barrier

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-314
Author(s):  
Yuna Park ◽  
Hyo-In Koh ◽  
University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽  
University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽  
University of Science and Technology, Transpo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Railway Systems ◽  
Railway Noise ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Noise Barrier ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reduction Effect ◽  
The Impact

Railway noise is calculated to predict the impact of new or reconstructed railway tracks on nearby residential areas. The results are used to prepare adequate counter- measures, and the calculation results are directly related to the cost of the action plans. The calculated values were used to produce noise maps for each area of inter- est. The Schall 03 2012 is one of the most frequently used methods for the production of noise maps. The latest version was released in 2012 and uses various input para- meters associated with the latest rail vehicles and track systems in Germany. This version has not been sufficiently used in South Korea, and there is a lack of standard guidelines and a precise manual for Korean railway systems. Thus, it is not clear what input parameters will match specific local cases. This study investigates the modeling procedure for Korean railway systems and the differences between calcu- lated railway sound levels and measured values obtained using the Schall 03 2012 model. Depending on the location of sound receivers, the difference between the cal- culated and measured values was within approximately 4 dB for various train types. In the case of high-speed trains, the value was approximately 7 dB. A noise-reducing measure was also modeled. The noise reduction effect of a low-height noise barrier system was predicted and evaluated for operating railway sites within the frame- work of a national research project in Korea. The comparison of calculated and measured values showed differences within 2.5 dB.

IDENTIFICATION AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS ROLE IN MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DEVELOPMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-783
Author(s):  
Victor A. Ognev ◽  
Anna A. Podpriadova ◽  
Anna V. Lisova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Biological Factors ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
High Level ◽  
Social Importance ◽  
The Impact

Introduction:The high level of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease is largely due toinsufficient influence on the main risk factors that contribute to the development of myocardial infarction.Therefore, a detailed study and assessment of risk factors is among the most important problems of medical and social importance. The aim: To study and evaluate the impact of biological, social and hygienic, social and economic, psychological, natural and climatic risk factors on the development of myocardial infarction. Materials and methods: A sociological survey was conducted in 500 people aged 34 to 85. They were divided into two groups. The main group consisted of 310 patients with myocardial infarction. The control group consisted of 190 practically healthy people, identical by age, gender and other parameters, without diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results: It was defined that 30 factors have a significant impact on the development of myocardial infarction.Data analysis revealed that the leading risk factors for myocardial infarction were biological and socio-hygienic. The main biological factors were: hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The man socio-hygienic factor was smoking. Conclusions: Identification of risk factors provides new opportunities for the development of more effective approaches for the prevention and treatment of myocardial infarction.

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