Conflict and Fake Information in American Political Discourse

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
N. Greydina ◽  
V. Stulov
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Information Warfare ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Conflict Information ◽  
Language Context

The research article represents the notion and term “information warfare” taking into consideration numerous scientific schools and developed interpretations with their further classification. The authors also give their own definition of the notion. The adjective use relevance (“false”) in the Russian language information context is linguistically justified unlike the English language context reflecting the notions “false” and “fake” as suitable ones for the language and speech usage. The notion “conflict information” is introduced as a communicative unit with a high pragmatic potential in the spheres of information and political communication. The notions “fake” and “deep fake” are compared. The pragmatic communicative potential of fake information is clarified and developed. The notions and terms diversity based on “fake information”, “fake news” is pointed out within the research article. The authors’ classification of information fakes with distinguishing the corresponding categories and their communicative analysis is provided. The notion “alternative fact” is analyzed from the communicative point of view and contrastive approach usage. Different means of fake information identification are distinguished.

scholarly journals Definition of Digital Economy for the Purposes of Statistical Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-79
Author(s):  
E. N. Klochkova ◽  
P. E. Prokhorov
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
English Language ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Statistical Methodology ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms

The international agenda for the development of monitoring of digital transformation stimulates the development of a statistical methodology for measuring phenomena and processes in the digital economy. The barrier to the formation of a set of interrelated and comparable indicators of the development of the digital economy is the lack of a definition of this concept that would satisfy all interested parties.To date, experts from various fields of science have proposed a wide range of definitions of the digital economy. Based on the various properties and effects of digitalization, experts characterize the digital economy not only as a phenomenon in economic activity but also as a sociocultural phenomenon. Many of the proposed definitions are theoretical in nature and do not fully satisfy the needs of empirical research.The objective of this study is to formulate a definition of the digital economy for statistical research.Therefore, the authors reviewed the works analyzing various definitions of the digital economy, and, accordingly, the sources that proposed definitions of the digital economy.Due to plethora of digital economy definitions, to reveal the essence of this concept the authors used statistical text analysis (Text Mining) tools, which made it possible to identify a set of key terms defining digital economy. For analysis, was built a text corpus, consisting of 105 English-language and Russian-language definitions taken from various sources, including documents of state strategic planning, publications of international organizations, analytical materials of consulting companies and articles of individual authors.Thus, the study analyzed the concept of the digital economy for the period and nature of origin, and also proposed an approach based on which an operational definition of the digital economy was developed that meets the relevant principles. However, to identify the digital economy as an object of statistical research, along with the proposed definition, it is necessary to develop a classification of elements of the infrastructure of the digital economy, all of which will allow the formation of an agreed system of tatistical indicators.

On the Dynamic Isotropy of Mechanisms With Two Degrees of Freedom

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Di Gregorio ◽  
Alessandro Cammarata ◽  
Rosario Sinatra
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Closed Curves ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Dynamic Performances ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Geometric Locus

The comparison of mechanisms with different topology or with different geometry, but with the same topology, is a necessary operation during the design of a machine sized for a given task. Therefore, tools that evaluate the dynamic performances of a mechanism are welcomed. This paper deals with the dynamic isotropy of 2-dof mechanisms starting from the definition introduced in a previous paper. In particular, starting from the condition that identifies the dynamically isotropic configurations, it shows that, provided some special cases are not considered, 2-dof mechanisms have at most a finite number of isotropic configurations. Moreover, it shows that, provided the dynamically isotropic configurations are excluded, the geometric locus of the configuration space that collects the points associated to configurations with the same dynamic isotropy is constituted by closed curves. This results will allow the classification of 2-dof mechanisms from the dynamic-isotropy point of view, and the definition of some methodologies for the characterization of the dynamic isotropy of these mechanisms. Finally, examples of applications of the obtained results will be given.

scholarly journals Move Structure of Research Article Abstracts on Management: Contrastive Study (the Case of English and Russian)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Zanina
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Linguistic Differences ◽  
Contrastive Study ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Academic Communication

Although a plethora of papers have proved a seminal role of move-based genre analysis in cross-linguistic research of academic communication and EAP/ESP teaching and learning, there is a lack of respective linguistic or pedagogically motivated studies of research articles (RAs) and their parts aimed at comparing English and Russian. Using Hyland’s (2000) 5-move model, the current research seeks to determine the most obvious cross-linguistic differences in the move structure of abstracts of research articles on management for these languages. Based on a move analysis of the English- and Russian-language corpora each comprising 20 unstructured RA abstracts, the research revealed conformity of most English-language abstracts to Hyland’s model, while the Russian abstracts principally displayed a three-move structure containing ‘purpose’, ‘method’ and ‘product’, and included the ‘introduction’ and ‘conclusion’ moves only occasionally. Other significant discrepancies comprised the English-language authors’ tendency to provide precise or detailed indication of research methods and results, in contrast to their brief indication or over-generalized mentioning by Russian writers, as well as greater length of the English-language abstracts and their stricter concordance to standard move sequence than those of the Russian abstracts. Though the research was conducted on relatively small corpora and was descriptive in nature, its findings might be of interest to genre analysts as well as to L2 theorists and practitioners.

scholarly journals Concept and Essence of the Forensic Study of Personality

2018 ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
D. V. Isyutin-Fedotkov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Process Theory ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Approaches To Studying ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Russian Language

The article considers and analyzes various opinions on the category "forensic study of personality". From the point of view of the Russian language, the various meanings of the term "study" fully and in a multifaceted way reflect the activities of the investigator in the study of the person in the course of sufficient disclosure and investigation of crimes. It is concluded that forensic study of personality can be considered as a process, theory (doctrine) and part of criminalistics (educational discipline, special course). In this connection, the definition of the term "forensic study of personality" depends on understanding of its essence. Forensic study of personality as a process for the study of personality is associated with activity. Forensic study of the personality as a theory (doctrine) is associated with the objective laws that constitute the subject of criminalistics. Forensic study of the personality as a section of criminalistics (academic discipline, special course) is based on a theoretical basis, on the basis of which methods, approaches to studying personality are considered. The ultimate goal of forensic study of personality is solving the problems of disclosure and investigation of crimes. Author's definitions of the term "forensic study of personality" are proposed.

scholarly journals Organization of Oral Dialogical Discourse: Feedback and Ways of Its Explication

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-47
Author(s):  
O. L. Mikhaleva ◽  
U. E. Chekmez
Keyword(s):  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oral Discourse ◽  
Quantitative Characteristics ◽  
The Russian Language

The results of the study of feedback in the Russian oral dialogical discourse are presented in the article. The relevance of this study is due to several factors. First, the debatable issue is related to the qualification of fragments of oral discourse from the point of view of their relevance to the genre of monologue, dialogue, polylogue. Secondly, there is a number of theoretical problems arising from such qualifications, in particular, in the scientific description of feedback markers (based on the material of the Russian language), a rather large number of gaps are found. The definitions of the terms feedback and feedback markers are provided in the article. The authors note that it seems advisable to consider feedback markers in a somewhat expanded way, including in this group not only units used to express positive attention, but also units that can signal difficulties in perceiving the interlocutor’s utterance, as well as illocutionary forced units that are a reaction to the initial a replica of the interlocutor. Criteria for the inclusion of units functioning within the vocal modality in the group of feedback markers are proposed. A classification of feedback markers based on the ability of units to collapse the proposition contained in the statement of the interlocutor is proposed. The quantitative characteristics of the described subgroups are presented.

scholarly journals Twin-to-Twin Transfusion Syndrome: Definition, Staging, and Ultrasound Assessment

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eftichia Kontopoulos ◽  
Ramen H. Chmait ◽  
Ruben A. Quintero
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Staging System ◽  
Cervical Length ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Comprehensive Examination ◽  
English Medical Literature ◽  
Ultrasound Assessment ◽  
Definition Of

Objective: The purpose of this article is to review the definition of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and the sonographic diagnostic assessment of these cases prior to therapy.Materials and Methods: The article addresses the terminology used to refer to the condition and describes the systematic ultrasound assessment of the condition, including the ultrasound diagnosis, the staging of the disease, cervical assessment and pre-operative mapping.Results: From an etymologic and medical point of view, the term ‘fetofetal transfusion’ is more appropriate than ‘TTTS’. However, as the latter, and its attendant acronym TTTS, have been widely adopted in the English language, it is impractical to change at this point. TTTS is defined sonographically in the combined presence of a maximum vertical pocket (MVP) of 8 cm or greater in one sac and 2 cm or less in the other sac, regardless of the gestational age at diagnosis. Staging of the condition using the Quintero staging system is practical, reproducible, and accepted. Transvaginal cervical length assessment should be an integral part of the ultrasound evaluation. Pre-operative mapping to anticipate the location of the placental vascular anastomoses and avoid injuring the dividing membrane is also discussed.Conclusions: The term ‘TTTS’ can continue to be used in the English medical literature. The condition can be diagnosed and assessed following a systematic ultrasound methodology. The use of such ultrasound methodology breaks the examination into a distinct set of components, assuring a comprehensive examination and proper communication among caregivers.

scholarly journals SPEECH STRATEGY OF DISCREDITATION OF RUSSIAN COMMANDERS IN THE RUSSIAN-SPEAKING SEGMENT OF THE INTERNET

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-57
Author(s):  
K.V. Volchok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Communication ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Military History ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Pragmatic Analysis ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Linguistic Units

Statement of the problem. The study of the mechanisms of speech influence on the addressee is an important issue in linguistic research of modern political communication, which takes place in the context of conflict-generating communication between ideological opponents. One of the fields of information confrontation is Russian military history with its key events and iconic personalities. In our work, from a linguistic point of view, we consider the speech strategy of discrediting Russian military leaders. Negative-evaluative means of language are analyzed, as well as stylistic techniques aimed at updating negative information about them and providing a psychological impact on readers. The study of conflict-generating texts about Russian military history allows us to describe the features of the actualization of linguistic units in them that can lead to the creation of a conflict, which can beused in the development of measures to prevent possible social tensions. The purpose of the article is to identify and provide a linguo-pragmatic analysis of conflict-generating texts about Russian military leaders. Methodology (materials and methods). The material for the study was the conflict-generating texts about Russian military leaders posted on the Russian-language segment of the Internet. The main methods of analysis are the method of linguo-pragmatic analysis, the method of linguo-stylistic analysis, the method of contextual analysis. Research results. In the course of the work, a number of speech tactics of the discrediting strategy are identified: the tactics of demythologization, ridicule, equating to the followers of an ideology based on violence, etc. Defamation and irony are distinguished as the most frequent techniques. The predominance of vocabulary with negative evaluative connotations is noted.

scholarly journals Statistical evaluation of the information content of attributes for the task of searching for semantically close sentences

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
Anna Valer'evna Glazkova
Keyword(s):  
Information Content ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Frequency Method ◽  
Additional Input ◽  
Structured Information ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Vector Representations ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
F Measure

The paper presents the results of evaluating the informative value of quantitative and binary signs to solve the problem of finding semantically close sentences (paraphrases). Three types of signs are considered in the article: those built on vector representations of words (according to the Word2Vec model), based on the extraction of numbers and structured information and reflecting the quantitative characteristics of the text. As indicators of information content, the percentage of paraphrases among examples with a characteristic, and the percentage of paraphrases with a attribute (for binary characteristics), as well as estimates using the accumulated frequency method (for quantitative indicators) are used. The assessment was conducted on the Russian paraphrase corps. The set of features considered in the work was tested as input for two machine learning models for defining semantically close sentences: reference vector machines (SVMs) and a recurrent neural network model. The first model accepts only the considered set of signs as input parameters, the second - the text in the form of sequences and the set of signs as an additional input. The quality of the models was 67.06% (F-measure) and 69.49% (accuracy) and 79.85% (F-measure) and 74.16% (accuracy), respectively. The result obtained in the work is comparable with the best results of the systems presented in 2017 at the competition for the definition of paraphrase for the Russian language (the second result for the F-measure, the third result for accuracy). The results proposed in the work can be used both in the implementation of search models for semantically close fragments of texts in natural language, and for the analysis of Russian-language paraphrases from the point of view of computer linguistics.

scholarly journals Respectus Philologicus, 2011 Nr. 20 (25)

2011 ◽  
pp. 1-286
Author(s):  
Gabija Bankauskaitė
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Bilingual Dictionaries ◽  
The Social ◽  
Heart Of Darkness ◽  
Cognition In Literature ◽  
Eugene Onegin ◽  
Jungian Archetypes

CONTENTS I. PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONSLoreta Ulvydienė, Giedrė Drėgvaitė (Lithuania). Linguistic Experience as the Projection of Urban Cognition in Literature...11Saule Altybayeva (Kazakhstan). Neomythologism of the Modern Kazakh Prose: Polycultural Discourse and Art Prospect Search...27Michał Mazurkiewicz (Poland). The Nature of Ritual... 40 II. FACTS AND REFLECTIONSLaima Kalėdienė (Lithuania). Attitude Towards the Official Language According to the Data of Sociolinguistic Survey... 52Vadim V. Dementyev (Russia). Glamour as “The Old New Svetskost”?....65Elena Bonta, Raluca Galiţa (Rumunia). Joking as a Semiotic Practice and Means of Spiritual Survival. A Pragma-linguistic and Stylistic Approach... 80Irina Melnikova (Lithuania). The Gorris Defence, Or Nabokov on Screen... 95Jadvyga Krūminienė, Artūras Cechanovičius (Lithuania). On some Jungian Archetypes Reflected in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness... 107Ewa Anna Piasta (Poland). Axiological Horizons of the Short Story „The Dream of the Saint“ by Reinhold Schneider... 122Oleg N. Grinbaum (Russia). The Fourth Chapter of the Novel “Eugene Onegin” by A. S. Pushkin: Onegin’s Monologue in the Light of Rhythm and Meaning ... 133Valentina Litvinova (Russia). The Epistolary Heritage of A. Chekhov from Siberia (the Letters of the Writer from the Point of View of Time and Space)... 153Roma Konsevičiūtė (Lithuania). The “Giesmių Giesmė” (The “Song of Songs”) Motive Transformation in Antanas Jasmantas’ Lyrics... 162Eleonora Lassan (Lithuania). Conjunction зато as a Means of Realization of Psychological Compensation in the Russian Language.... 170Joanna Senderska (Poland). The Social Vocabulary Enrichment Based on Selected Cases of Polish Sociolects...181Danguolė Melnikienė (Lithuania). Peculiarities of the Specific Realia Expression in Lithuanian Bilingual Dictionaries... 192Marlena Chudzik (Poland). Toponomastic Scholars’ Problems... 202Daiva Aliūkaitė (Lithuania). Expression Ideals of Young Samogitians: Conscious Attitude...209Yuri Tambovtsev, Ludmila Tambovtseva, Juliana Tambovtseva (Rusija / Rosja). Functioning of the Continuous Tenses in Female and Male Variants of the American and British English Language...221Natalia Krasilnikova (Russia). Public Opinion in the Light of Cognitive Discourse Paradigm... 233 III. OPINIONJelena Konickaja, Artur Zapolskij (Lithuania). Metaphors in Lithuanian and Slovenian Political Discourse... 243 IV. SCIENTIFIC LIFE CHRONICLEConferencesViktorija Makarova (Lithuania). “Language and Method”. Krakow, 5–6 May, 2011...254Daiva Aliūkaitė (Lithuania). Project “Research on Modern Geolinguistics in Lithuania: Point Network Optimization and Dissemination of Interactive Dialect Information“...257Books reviewsDanutė Balšaitytė (Lithuania). Diagnosed. What next? ЛАССАН, Э., 2011. Лингвистика ставит диагноз... Очерк «духа эпохи» в свете данных лингвистического анализа... 260Dagnė Beržaitė (Lithuania). Remarks of Ungrateful Reader. DOSTOJEVSKIS, F., 2010. Apysakos I: Antrininkas, Žiemos pastabos apie vasaros įspūdžius, Užrašai iš pogrindžio... 267 Announce... 271V. REQUIREMENTS FOR PUBLICATION...272VI. OUR AUTHORS...280

scholarly journals Classification of Internet memes in realities of 2021

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-28
Author(s):  
Kirill Leonidovich Ryzhkov
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
English Language ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Content Creation ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The subject of this research is the corpus of the Internet memes of the English-language and Russian-language segments of the Internet. The object is the classification of the Internet memes, the division of relevant memes into the categories on various grounds. The author explores the emergence of new methods of content creation on the Internet, proliferation of popular culture and use of the concept of post-irony, as well as reflection of the latest social and political events in memes. Special attention is given to the detailed analysis of specific examples of the internet memes and their modifications by the users: the format of meme implies variability and possible modification by any content consumer. The main conclusions lies in the highlighted and illustrated examples of the new categories of Internet memes. The author’s special contribution consists in determination of the new categories of memes: post-ironic memes; memes created and spread via TikTok platform; and memes related to the reflection of coronavirus infection and its consequences in popular culture. The novelty of this research is define by classification and description of the aforementioned categories of Internet memes, as well as by outlining the prospects for further expansion of the classification. The article employs the methods of contextual and structural analysis of the corpus of the Internet memes; determines and groups the types of meme variations; and describes the potential for their transformation.

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