Modern Approaches to Etiopathogenetic Therapy of Broncho-Obstructive Disease in Pediatric Practice

10.12737/9072 ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Садовникова ◽  
I. Sadovnikova ◽  
Зудов ◽  
Andrey Zudov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration ◽  
Pediatric Pulmonology ◽  
Bronchial System ◽  
Almost All

The research of effective methods of treatment of broncho-obstructive diseases is one of the most important questions of the pediatric pulmonology. General clinical manifestations are characterized by attacks of breathlessness, prolonged exhalation, unproductive cough, whistling and noisy breathing sometimes with a help of auxiliary muscles. Often this disease leads to bronchial asthma, obstructive bronchitis, and malformations of the lung and bronchus. In the pathogenesis of bronchial obstruction whilst respiratory infections the main factors are inflammatory infiltration of the bronchial mucosa, its swelling, hypersecretion of viscous mucus and bronchospasm due to hyperactivity of the bronchi of the inflammatory nature. To diagnose this disease it is important to establish the presence or absence of the effectiveness of the protective mechanisms of the body at different hierarchic levels. To protect the respiratory tract from exposure to adverse environmental factors in the process of ontogenesis pro-tective mechanisms formed. The first stage of purification of the bronchial system is mucociliary clearance carried out by the cells of the ciliated epithelial cells and glands that produce bronchial secret. If the cause of the disease is established, the etiotropic and pathogenetic treatment of the underlying disease should be carried out. Of special interest in pediatric pulmonology is the experience of the combined drug Kashnol. It simultaneously affects almost all parts of the pathogenesis of acute and chronic broncho-pulmonary diseases.

scholarly journals The First Case Treated with Larotrectinib of a Novel TMTC2-NTRK3 Fusion Undifferentiated High-Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of the Chest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chujie Bai ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Yaohui Wang ◽  
Taiyan Guo ◽  
Xia You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Pleomorphic Sarcoma ◽  
First Case ◽  
Painless Mass ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs

Abstract Undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) is a rare soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of mesenchymal origin, particularly the extremities and retroperitoneum, meanwhile it has been reported in almost all parts of the body. UPS is highly invasive and has a poor prognosis due to its clinical manifestations of painless mass and deep tumor site, which are usually found at an advanced stage. Patients with UPS tend to have a lower 5-year survival rate than patients with other types of STS. Recently, NTRK fusions were detected in many cancer types, such as thyroid cancer, colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, soft tissue tumors, uterine sarcomas, and melanomas. However, the mutation frequency of NTRK fusion in all cancers is only 0.1-1%. Targeted therapy with NTRK inhibitors, such as Larotrectinib and Entrectinib, leads to a response in most patients with NTRK1/2/3 gene fusion-positive tumors. Herein, we present a 68-years old man diagnosed with stage IIIA (T2N0M0G3) UPS. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) revealed a novel TMTC2-NTRK3 fusion. The NTRK3 positivity was also detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). He had a response to Larotrectinib. This report broadens the spectrum of NTRK fusions in UPS and highlights a new target for treatment.

scholarly journals Impaired Mitochondrial Mobility in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cara R. Schiavon ◽  
Gerald S. Shadel ◽  
Uri Manor
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Mobility Model ◽  
The Body ◽  
Charcot Marie Tooth ◽  
Peripheral Neurons ◽  
Charcot Marie Tooth Disease ◽  
Organelle Trafficking ◽  
Axonal Cmt ◽  
Trafficking Defects

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a progressive, peripheral neuropathy and the most commonly inherited neurological disorder. Clinical manifestations of CMT mutations are typically limited to peripheral neurons, the longest cells in the body. Currently, mutations in at least 80 different genes are associated with CMT and new mutations are regularly being discovered. A large portion of the proteins mutated in axonal CMT have documented roles in mitochondrial mobility, suggesting that organelle trafficking defects may be a common underlying disease mechanism. This review will focus on the potential role of altered mitochondrial mobility in the pathogenesis of axonal CMT, highlighting the conceptional challenges and potential experimental and therapeutic opportunities presented by this “impaired mobility” model of the disease.

scholarly journals Study of 30 cases of histoplasmosis observed in the Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilene Rodrigues Chang ◽  
Cleison Ledesma Taira ◽  
Anamaria Melo Miranda Paniago ◽  
Deborah Ledesma Taira ◽  
Rivaldo Venâncio Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The University ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Thirty cases of histoplasmosis observed at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (HU-UFMS) from January 1998 to December 2005 are reported. Most (83.3%) of the patients were men, average 33.4 years old, 63.3% of them were born and living in Mato Grosso do Sul and 83.3% presented AIDS as an underlying disease. In almost all cases (96.7%) the disease occurred in its disseminated form and the most frequent clinical manifestations were: fever (83.3%), weight loss (70.0%), cough (63.3%), hepatomegaly and splenomegaly (40.0%), and lymph node enlargement (36.7%). The laboratory diagnosis was obtained in 29 patients by isolation of Histoplasma capsulatum from various clinical specimens cultivated in Sabouraud dextrose and brain heart infusion agar and in 16 patients the fungus was observed by direct microscopy of Giemsa-stained smears. The observed mortality was 40%. This is the first report in the literature of the occurrence of histoplasmosis in Mato Grosso do Sul State.

scholarly journals Respiratory infections of combined etiology in the clinical practice of the pediatrician

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-82
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Nikolaeva ◽  
Denis V. Usenko ◽  
Yuliya N. Khlypovka ◽  
Svetlana V. Shabalina ◽  
Aleksandr V. Gorelov
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Tract Infections

Acute respiratory infections hold the leading position in the structure of infectious pathology in children and are one of the main reasons for visits to the doctor. Most often causative agents of acute respiratory infections are viruses. In recent years, respiratory infections of combined etiology are becoming an increasingly significant problem, the proportion of which is increasing.In co-infections, clinical diagnosis is difficult, which once again emphasizes the importance of the widespread introduction of highly sensitive etiological diagnostic methods, in particular polymerase chain reaction. Data on the tendency to a more severe course of co-infections compared to mono-infections are ambiguous, which seems to depend on the specific causative agent and the level of viral load. Another urgent problem of acute respiratory infections in children is the frequent registration of concomitant respiratory viral and herpes virus infections. The clinical picture of acute respiratory tract infections is not very diverse: fever, intoxication symptoms, cough, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sore throat, etc. At the same time, pathognomonic symptoms can be identified in some monoinfections, but in coinfections such clinical diagnosis is difficult, suggesting the importance of etiological diagnosis, especially polymerase chain reaction (PCR).All of the above, as well as age and clinical manifestations largely determine the rational selection of antiviral therapy simultaneously effective against both respiratory viruses and herpes viruses. One such drug is Cycloferon, which has not only a broad antiviral spectrum, but also a high level of safety.Inclusion of an interferon inducer in the treatment of acute respiratory infections will reduce the need to prescribe other drugs, including antibiotics, and reduce the medication load on the body.

scholarly journals THE HEREDITARY MECHANISM OF GAUCHER’S DISEASE

Blood ◽  
1948 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 1238-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. GROEN
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Early Death ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Gaucher's Disease ◽  
Gaucher’S Disease ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Practical Conclusion ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The author reviews the literature of the familial incidence of Gaucher’s disease. Almost all the familial cases which have been described occurred in the members of one generation (siblings or cousins) only. To these cases reported in the literature the author adds 25, of which 4 were "sporadic" cases. The other 21 cases occurred in 6 families. The pedigrees of these families are presented. After an analysis of the available data the author presents the following hypothesis for the hereditary mechanism in these families: Gaucher’s disease is a mutation which, once established, is transmitted as a simple dominant hereditary trait. In the affected individuals this trait gives rise to a disturbance of lipid metabolism which results in the accumulation of kerasin in the reticulum cells throughout the body. The severity of the disease may vary considerably. It can be present in such a slight degree that the amount of kerasin accumulated during life is too small to give rise to clinical manifestations. In other cases the progression may be so slow that the disease becomes manifest only in old age, provided the affected individual lives long enough. In these "subclinical cases," a diagnosis of Gaucher’s disease can sometimes be made by the detection of "early Gaucher cells" in the sternal marrow. Individuals thus affected suffer from Gaucher’s trait rather than from the actual disease. However, they can transmit the disease to 50 per cent of their offspring, and thus function as (almost) normal "carriers." In the family trees presented, it appeared that the disease tended to become more severe in every succeeding generation until after two or three generations it became clinically manifest in the affected individuals early in life. In the next generation it would then establish itself during fetal life so as to give rise to abortion, stillbirth or early death of the affected infant. In this way the mutation extinguishes itself, by permitting only the unaffected offspring of the affected individuals to persist. As a practical conclusion it is urged that a sternal marrow examination be included in every genetic investigation of Gaucher’s disease as the best method available at present for the detection of subclinical cases or "carriers."

Clinical, morphological and biochemical signs of polymycotoxicosis in highly productive cows

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-17
Author(s):  
Irina A. Shkuratova ◽  
◽  
Lyudmila I. Drozdova ◽  
Aleksander I. Belousov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Hepatorenal Syndrome ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Mixture ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Structural Disorders ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Mycotoxicological monitoring of forages shows that the problem of mycotoxicosis has been relevant for several decades. Minimal doses of mycotoxins in feed lead to a decrease in milk productivity, increased sensitivity to infectious and non-infectious diseases. When several mycotoxins enter the body simultaneously, a synergistic effect develops, causing a significant increase in toxicity. Feed contaminated with several types of fungi and their toxins is dangerous for dairy cattle. It was found that the feed mixture contained the types of associations of Aspergillus spp. fungi + Fusarium; Aspergillus spp. + Penicillium spp. + Mucor spp; Fusarium + Penicillium; Mucor spp. + Fusarium + Ustilaginales. Pathogenetic features of metabolic and morphological changes in highly productive cows with polymycotoxicosis were studied. Feeding food contaminated with various metabolites of mold fungi leads to the development of signs of chronic toxemia in animals. Clinical manifestations are the development of diarrhea and dehydration, with a decrease in milk productivity. Metabolic disorders feature the development of an inflammatory process, metabolic acidosis, hyperfermentonemia, with an increase in the amount of creatinine and urea in the blood serum. Metabolic signs indicate the development of hepatorenal syndrome due to structural disorders of the liver and kidneys. Histological signs of polymicotoxicosis are intracapillary and hemorrhagic glomerulonephritis, hepatocyte micronecrosis, and proliferation of connective tissue stroma cells, which leads to the development of atrophic cirrhosis in the interstitial and circular phases.

HISTOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE INTESTINES OF POULTRY DURING FODDER INTOXICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.P. Dolgov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Abramov ◽  
E.V. Kuzminova ◽  
E.V. Rogaleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Histological Examination ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Beet Pulp

The article presents the data on the study of the influence of mycotoxins combination (T-2 toxin at the concentration of 0.095 mg/kg and aflatoxin B1 in the concentration of 0.019 mg/kg) on the body of quails and the results of pharmacocorrection of toxicosis with a complex consisting of beet pulp and lecithin. Structural changes in the intestines of quais at fodder mycotoxicosis are described. The use of antitoxic feed additives in poultry led to a weakening of the action of xenobiotics, which was confirmed by an increase in the safety of poultry and increase in body weight of quails, a decrease in the clinical manifestations of intoxication, as well as in positive changes in the structure of the intestine of the poultry during histological examination.

Digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of cows when using the concentrate mixture with the inclusion of rapeseed presscake

2020 ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
L. Yarmots ◽  
G. Yarmots ◽  
A. Belenkaya
Keyword(s):  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Concentrate Mixture ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Experimental Group

For ruminants, especially high-yielding animals in addition to the complete supply of animals with protein, its digestibility in the rumen is important. With low protein digestibility in the rumen, the released ammonia will be more effectively used by the rumen microflora, and the undigestible protein in the subsequent sections of the digestive tract can serve as a source of amino acids for the body. The use of concentrate mixtures with the inclusion of local, affordable and cheaper grain feeds, in particular a high-energy and protein ingredient- rapeseed presscake makes it possible to increase the milk productivity of cows throughout lactation. These presscakes are well balanced in their amino acid composition and belong to feeds whose protein has a low degree of digestibility in the rumen. The purpose of the researches was to study the digestibility of nutrients and milk productivity of cows when using the concentrate mixture with the inclusion of rapeseed presscake. In the scientific and economic experiment has been carried out on lactating cows, where the cows of the experimental group in the concentrate mixture of peas has been replaced with rapeseed presscake the digestibility of nutrients in the ration, energy metabolism and milk productivity have been studied. Studies have shown that almost all the nutrients were significantly better digested by the animals of the experimental group. Energy in milk was more allocated by cows of the experimental group by 6,29 MJ. From cows of the experimental group for 100 and 305 days of lactation has been obtained more milk by 6,27 and 7,06 %, respectively, than from control herdmates. The biochemical parameters of blood were within the limits of the physiological norm in animals of both groups. Thus, the replacement of peas with rapeseed presscake in the concentrate mixture did not have a negative influence on the metabolic processes and helped to increase the milk productivity of cows.

Acute exudative paraneoplastic polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy in a patient with thymoma, myasthenia gravis, and polymyositis

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212199404
Author(s):  
He Yu ◽  
Xinyu Ma ◽  
Nianting Tong ◽  
Zhanyu Zhou ◽  
Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Postoperative Radiotherapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Subretinal Fluid ◽  
Metastatic Tumor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pleural Thickening ◽  
History Of ◽  
Clinically Significant

Importance: This is the first reported case of acute exudative paraneoplastic polymorphous vitelliform maculopathy (AEPPVM) in a patient with thymoma, accompanied by myasthenia gravis (MG) and polymyositis. Objective: To examine the pathogenesis of ocular disease in a patient with yolk-like fundus lesions and thymoma, MG, and polymyositis throughout the body based on clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and genetic testing to determine the appropriate treatment course. Design, setting, and participants: We describe a 63-year-old woman who presented to our tertiary medical center with a 3-month history of reduced visual acuity in both eyes. Concurrent fundoscopy revealed a 2.0 × 1.7-mm, unifocal, yellow, round vitelliform lesion in the macular region, surrounded by multifocal, shallow, yellow-white pockets of subretinal fluid. The patient’s medical history included thymoma with thymectomy treatment, combined with pericardiectomy and postoperative radiotherapy (20 years prior), followed by a diagnosis of MG with suspect thymic association (15 years prior). Three years prior, the patient had been diagnosed with polymyositis related to paraneoplastic syndrome; 1 year prior, she had been examined for pleural thickening due to suspected metastatic tumor. Results: On her most recent follow-up visit at 3 months after initial diagnosis, the patient was stable with no clinically significant progression in ocular or systemic conditions.

scholarly journals Clinical Features and Maternal-fetal Results of Pregnant Women in COVID-19 Times

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (05) ◽  
pp. 384-394
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Nogueira Godoi ◽  
Gilcelia Correia Santos Bernardes ◽  
Leilismara Sousa Nogueira ◽  
Patrícia Nessralla Alpoim ◽  
Melina de Barros Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Fetal Distress ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
The Subject

Abstract Objective Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which usually leads to non-specific respiratory symptoms. Although pregnant women are considered at risk for respiratory infections by other viruses, such as SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), little is known about their vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study aims to identify and present the main studies on the topic, including the postpartum period. Methods In this narrative review, articles were searched in various databases, organizations, and health entities using keywords compatible with medical subject headings (MeSH), such as: COVID-19, pregnancy, vertical transmission, coronavirus 2019, and SARS-CoV-2. Results The review of the scientific literature on the subject revealed that pregnant women with COVID-19 did not present clinical manifestations significantly different from those of non-pregnant women; however, there are contraindicated therapies. Regarding fetuses, studies were identified that reported that infection by SARS-CoV-2 in pregnant women can cause fetal distress, breathing difficulties and premature birth, but there is no substantial evidence of vertical transmission. Conclusion Due to the lack of adequate information and the limitations of the analyzed studies, it is necessary to provide detailed clinical data on pregnant women infected with SARS-CoV-2 and on the maternal-fetal repercussions caused by this infection. Thus, this review may contribute to expand the knowledge of professionals working in the area as well as to guide more advanced studies on the risk related to pregnant women and their newborns. Meanwhile, monitoring of confirmed or suspected pregnant women with COVID-19 is essential, including in the postpartum period.

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