scholarly journals Methods of Formation of Sustainable and Highly Productive Forest Plantations Created by Biogroups

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
А. Вахтин ◽  
A. Vahtin ◽  
Владимир Вавин ◽  
Vladimir Vavin ◽  
Александр Ахтямов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Forest Plantations ◽  
Crown Height ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Forest Belts

Protective forests created by nest and a diagonal-group methods in its development differ from ordinary forest stands created by planting of seedlings. In Stone Steppe from 1948 to 1954, 23.6 ha of the nesting forests were laid, and in the period 1955-1964 19 experimental and production diagonal and group belts with a total area of 27.8 ha was laid in the territory of the Institute and its experimental farms. Carrying out cleaning cuttings has a significant difference from silvicultural treatments in ordinary forest belts.The studies were conducted in forest belts, with test plots (TP) with the measurements of trees (trunk diameter, tree height, crown height, crown diameter in two directions). A comparative analysis was carried out according to the test plots on the areas with cleaning cuttings and without them. The results of research allowed to determine growth rate of tree species under the influenced of cleaning cuttings and it was used to develop methods of forest management treatments in forest belts, created by biogroups.Contemporary condition of experienced middle-aged forest belts was also studied with different methods of creation and allocation of seats on the silvicultural area.

scholarly journals Growth and productivity of Tectona grandis Linn. f. in plantations and farmlands in coastal zone of Karnataka (India)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1919-1923
Author(s):  
Girish Shahapurmath ◽  
M. Hanumatha ◽  
Rajesh Gunaga ◽  
V. Rashmi ◽  
A. G. Koppad
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Crown Height ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Age Class ◽  
Crown Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Teak Tree ◽  
Productivity Potential

The present study was conducted to understand the growth performance and productivity potential of Tectona grandis grown in plantation as well as in the farmlands at coastal zone of Karnataka. The growth of teak tree grown in farmland was significantly higher than tree grown in pure plantation. For instance, the overall height(11.95 m), diameter (23.69 cm), clear bole height (6.20 m), tree volume (0.61 m3) and timber volume (0.33 m3) was higher in farmland than trees grown in pure plantation (11.60 m, 20.33 cm, 4.90 m, 0.42 m3 and 0.18 m3, respectively). However, crown parameters did not show significant difference among trees grown in pure plantations and farmlands. There was a strong influence of age on growth of teak trees grown in both farmland and pure plantation. For instance, tree height (14.72 m) and diameter (30.52 cm) of higher age class (A4: 21-25 years) was maximum as compared lower age class (A1: 5-10 years) with values of 8.29 m and 17.14 cm, respectively. Similar trend was also recorded for volume, clear bole height, crown height, crown length and crown diameter in teak. It was concluded that teak grown in farmland may produce higher growth and volume as compared to pure plantation.

scholarly journals Quantitative Genetic Analysis of Growth Rate in Avocado

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 691-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haofeng Chen ◽  
Vanessa E.T.M. Ashworth ◽  
Shizhong Xu ◽  
Michael T. Clegg
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Quantitative Genetic Analysis

The authors report a quantitative genetic analysis of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) growth rate, flower abundance, and fruit set. The data are based on a total of 204 different genotypes of progeny of ‘Gwen’ avocado. Each was replicated four times, with two replicates planted in each of two locations in southern California (Irvine and Riverside). Data were collected over 4 years (consecutive) on tree height, canopy diameter, and trunk diameter, representing three distinct measures of growth rate. Growth data were found to fit a linear regression over years, so the slope (growth rate) was used in the analyses. In addition, 2 years of data on flower abundance and 1 year on fruit set were also collected. Quantitative genetic analyses of these data showed that broad-sense heritability (H) was 35.5%, 30.3%, and 26.6% for tree height, canopy diameter, and trunk diameter respectively; and 33.8% and 23.0% for flowering abundance and fruit set respectively. No genotype-by-location effect was noted for growth rate; however, flower abundance and fruit set showed a relatively weak genotype-by-location effect (21.9% and 17.1% respectively). The H estimates are low, probably as a result of sources of uncontrolled environmental error associated with variation in initial planting dates, but fall within the range that should permit quantitative trait locus analyses. The authors also found a moderate positive correlation between tree growth rates and fruit set, but none between growth rates and flower abundance. Different pollen parents have significantly different impacts on tree growth rates, flower abundance, and fruit set.

scholarly journals ĐẶC ĐIỂM CẤU TRÚC VÀ SINH TRƯỞNG RỪNG TRỒNG KEO LƯỠI LIỀM (Acacia crassicarpa A.Cunn. ex Benth.) TẠI TỈNH BÌNH THUẬN

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1940-1950
Author(s):  
Nguyễn Văn Việt ◽  
Phan Thị Thanh Thủy ◽  
Lê Châu Thành
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Weibull Distribution ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Growth Function ◽  
Forest Plantation ◽  
Crown Diameter ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Acacia Crassicarpa ◽  
Set Up

Trong những năm gần đây, Keo lưỡi liềm được đưa vào trồng trên các vùng cát ven biển tại Bình Thuận nhằm hạn chế tình trạng sa mạc hóa, duy trì nguồn nước ổn định, chặn đứng nạn cát bay, cát nhảy ở vùng này và thực tế cho thấy loài cây này đã sinh trưởng và phát triển tốt. Bài viết này công bố những kết quả nghiên cứu về cấu trúc và sinh trưởng của rừng trồng keo lưỡi liềm tại Bình Thuận. Nghiên cứu áp dụng phương pháp lập 60 ô tiêu chuẩn (otc) điển hình trên đối tượng rừng trồng keo lưỡi liềm tại Bình Thuận. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, phân bố số cây theo cỡ đường kính ngang ngực và đường kính tán có dạng một đỉnh lệch trái trong khi đó phân bố số cây theo chiều cao có dạng đỉnh lệch phải và được mô phỏng tốt bằng hàm Weibull. Quá trình sinh trưởng về đường kính thân (D1,3), chiều cao (Hvn), đường kính tán (Dt), thể tích (V) và trữ lượng (M) được mô tả rất tốt bằng hàm Schumacher. Các phương trình sinh trưởng như sau: ABSTRACT In recent years, Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn.ex Benth. has been planted in the coastal sandy areas of Binh Thuan province to prevent desertification, maintain the water source, stop the flying sand, giving good results. The research results of the study presented the growth and the growth rate of the forest plantation of Acacia crassicarpa A. Cunn.ex Benth. We set up 60 particularly random sample plots on the Acacia crassicarpa plantation. The results showed that the distribution of diameter at breast height (N%/D1.3) and crown diameter (N%/Dt) were left skewed peak distributions while the distribution of tree height (N%/HVN) was a right skewed peak distribution and were well-simulated by Weibull distribution. The growth of Acacia crassicarpa plantation was modeled by Schumacher function, growth function as follows:

scholarly journals Assessment of the Growth and Reproductive Performance of Cloned Pietrain Boars

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2053
Author(s):  
Junsong Shi ◽  
Baohua Tan ◽  
Lvhua Luo ◽  
Zicong Li ◽  
Linjun Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Semen Quality ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
F1 Progeny

How to maximize the use of the genetic merits of the high-ranking boars (also called superior ones) is a considerable question in the pig breeding industry, considering the money and time spent on selection. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is one of the potential ways to answer the question, which can be applied to produce clones with genetic resources of superior boar for the production of commercial pigs. For practical application, it is essential to investigate whether the clones and their progeny keep behaving better than the “normal boars”, considering that in vitro culture and transfer manipulation would cause a series of harmful effects to the development of clones. In this study, 59,061 cloned embryos were transferred into 250 recipient sows to produce the clones of superior Pietrain boars. The growth performance of 12 clones and 36 non-clones and the semen quality of 19 clones and 28 non-clones were compared. The reproductive performance of 21 clones and 25 non-clones were also tested. Furthermore, we made a comparison in the growth performance between 466 progeny of the clones and 822 progeny of the non-clones. Our results showed that no significant difference in semen quality and reproductive performance was observed between the clones and the non-clones, although the clones grew slower and exhibited smaller body size than the non-clones. The F1 progeny of the clones showed a greater growth rate than the non-clones. Our results demonstrated through the large animal population showed that SCNT manipulation resulted in a low growth rate and small body size, but the clones could normally produce F1 progeny with excellent growth traits to bring more economic benefits. Therefore, SCNT could be effective in enlarging the merit genetics of the superior boars and increasing the economic benefits in pig reproduction and breeding.

scholarly journals A protocol for sampling vascular epiphyte richness and abundance

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan H. D. Wolf ◽  
S. Robbert Gradstein ◽  
Nalini M. Nadkarni
Keyword(s):  
Tree Height ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Tree Size ◽  
Tree Level ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Host Trees ◽  
Epiphyte Communities ◽  
Vascular Epiphyte

Abstract:The sampling of epiphytes is fraught with methodological difficulties. We present a protocol to sample and analyse vascular epiphyte richness and abundance in forests of different structure (SVERA). Epiphyte abundance is estimated as biomass by recording the number of plant components in a range of size cohorts. Epiphyte species biomass is estimated on 35 sample-trees, evenly distributed over six trunk diameter-size cohorts (10 trees with dbh > 30 cm). Tree height, dbh and number of forks (diameter > 5 cm) yield a dimensionless estimate of the size of the tree. Epiphyte dry weight and species richness between forests is compared with ANCOVA that controls for tree size. SChao1 is used as an estimate of the total number of species at the sites. The relative dependence of the distribution of the epiphyte communities on environmental and spatial variables may be assessed using multivariate analysis and Mantel test. In a case study, we compared epiphyte vegetation of six Mexican oak forests and one Colombian oak forest at similar elevation. We found a strongly significant positive correlation between tree size and epiphyte richness or biomass at all sites. In forests with a higher diversity of host trees, more trees must be sampled. Epiphyte biomass at the Colombian site was lower than in any of the Mexican sites; without correction for tree size no significant differences in terms of epiphyte biomass could be detected. The occurrence of spatial dependence, at both the landscape level and at the tree level, shows that the inclusion of spatial descriptors in SVERA is justified.

scholarly journals Effects of habitat edges on vegetation structure and the vulnerable golden-brown mouse lemur (Microcebus ravelobensis) in northwestern Madagascar

BMC Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Andriatsitohaina ◽  
Daniel Romero-Mujalli ◽  
Malcolm S. Ramsay ◽  
Frederik Kiene ◽  
Solofonirina Rasoloharijaona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Species Abundance ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Vegetation Parameters

Abstract Background Edge effects can influence species composition and community structure as a result of changes in microenvironment and edaphic variables. We investigated effects of habitat edges on vegetation structure, abundance and body mass of one vulnerable Microcebus species in northwestern Madagascar. We trapped mouse lemurs along four 1000-m transects (total of 2424 trap nights) that ran perpendicular to the forest edge. We installed 16 pairs of 20 m2 vegetation plots along each transect and measured nine vegetation parameters. To determine the responses of the vegetation and animals to an increasing distance to the edge, we tested the fit of four alternative mathematical functions (linear, power, logistic and unimodal) to the data and derived the depth of edge influence (DEI) for all parameters. Results Logistic and unimodal functions best explained edge responses of vegetation parameters, and the logistic function performed best for abundance and body mass of M. ravelobensis. The DEI varied between 50 m (no. of seedlings, no. of liana, dbh of large trees [dbh ≥ 10 cm]) and 460 m (tree height of large trees) for the vegetation parameters, whereas it was 340 m for M. ravelobensis abundance and 390 m for body mass, corresponding best to the DEI of small tree [dbh < 10 cm] density (360 m). Small trees were significantly taller and the density of seedlings was higher in the interior than in the edge habitat. However, there was no significant difference in M. ravelobensis abundance and body mass between interior and edge habitats, suggesting that M. ravelobensis did not show a strong edge response in the study region. Finally, regression analyses revealed three negative (species abundance and three vegetation parameters) and two positive relationships (body mass and two vegetation parameters), suggesting an impact of vegetation structure on M. ravelobensis which may be partly independent of edge effects. Conclusions A comparison of our results with previous findings reveals that edge effects are variable in space in a small nocturnal primate from Madagascar. Such an ecological plasticity could be extremely relevant for mitigating species responses to habitat loss and anthropogenic disturbances.

scholarly journals In Vivo Radioprotective Activity of Cell-Permeable Bifunctional Antioxidant Enzyme GST-TAT-SOD against Whole-Body Ionizing Irradiation in Mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianru Pan ◽  
Huocong He ◽  
Ying Su ◽  
Guangjin Zheng ◽  
Junxin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
White Pulp ◽  
Radioprotective Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wbc Count

GST-TAT-SOD was the fusion of superoxide dismutase (SOD), cell-permeable peptide TAT, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST). It was proved to be a potential selective radioprotector in vitro in our previous work. This study evaluated the in vivo radioprotective activity of GST-TAT-SOD against whole-body irradiation. We demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml GST-TAT-SOD (2 kU/ml) 2 h before the 6 Gy whole-body irradiation in mice almost completely prevented the splenic damage. It could significantly enhance the splenic antioxidant activity which kept the number of splenic white pulp and consequently resisted the shrinkage of the spleen. Moreover, the thymus index, hepatic antioxidant activity, and white blood cell (WBC) count of peripheral blood in irradiated mice pretreated with GST-TAT-SOD also remarkably increased. Although the treated and untreated irradiated mice showed no significant difference in the growth rate of animal body weight at 7 days postirradiation, the highest growth rate of body weight was observed in the GST-TAT-SOD-pretreated group. Furthermore, GST-TAT-SOD pretreatment increased resistance against 8 Gy whole-body irradiation and enhanced 30 d survival. The overall effect of GST-TAT-SOD seemed to be a bit more powerful than that of amifostine. In conclusion, GST-TAT-SOD would be a safe and potentially promising radioprotector.

A two different chemoprophylaxis approaches after phacoemulsification surgery in one thousand patients in Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Author(s):  
Suzan Amana Rattan ◽  
◽  
Mahir Kadhim Mutashar ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Treated Group ◽  
The Other ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Topical Medication ◽  
Group Methods ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Age Range

AIM: To evaluate the effectivity of the combination of intracameral moxifloxacin 0.1% with subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide 4 mg as prophylaxis of infection and inflammation after phacoemulsification in comparison with topical medication treated group. METHODS: A total one thousand patients with age range from 38 to 70 years old who scheduled for phacoemulsification were divided into 2 groups of no statistically significant differences in age, preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) and central macular thickness (CMT), P=0.6, 0.9 and 0.8 respectively. The surgeries were done by 2 surgeons each one planned to use one method of prophylaxis at Eye Speciality Private hospital, Baghdad, Iraq. For the 1st group of patients (500) a topical moxifloxacin hydrochloride 0.5% and dexamethasone 0.1% eye drops were prescribed four times a day for 1mo postoperatively. For the 2nd group intracameral (IC) diluted moxifloxacin at 0.1% with subconjunctival (SC) triamcinolone 4mg in 0.4 cc were administered at the conclusion of the surgery. Follow up visits were on the first postoperative day, 1wk, 1mo, and 3mo postoperatively. Anterior chamber (AC) reaction was examined during the 4 visits while IOP was measured during the last 3 and CMT was measured only in the last one. RESULTS: The current clinical trial study compared 2 samples with 2 different prophylaxis methods. No endophthalmitis case reported in both group. By a 2-Sample t-test, the IC-treated group (group 2) had statistically significant lower AC cells at the 1st day postoperative visit than the other group while there were no statistically significant differences at 1wk, 1 mo and 3mo visits between the 2 groups. There was no statistically significant difference at 3mo visits in IOP and CMT between the two groups. A breakthrough inflammation rate with the topical medication was (9.6%) while in the other group (IC treated ) was 4.0%. A significant IOP elevation ≥10 mm Hg at 1mo in 2.4% within the topical medication group which was higher than the rate in the other group (0.8%). CONCLUSION: In addition to the safety and effectivity of the combination of intracameral moxifloxacin and subconjunctival triamcinolone in preventing infection and inflammation after cataract surgery. The majority (480) of our included patients didn’t require any topical postoperative medication that is cost saving for the patient, helped patients who were unable to administer topical medication, and decreased chance of complication related to patient poor adherence to postoperative medication.

A comparative study on the nursery culture of hatchery-reared sub-adult cupped oyster, Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino, 1932), in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Premwadee Chueachat ◽  
Woraporn Tarangkoon ◽  
Suwat Tanyaros
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Condition Index ◽  
Daily Growth ◽  
Nursery Culture ◽  
Absolute Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adult Oyster ◽  
Absolute Growth ◽  
The Mean

Abstract A comparative study on the nursery culture of the spat of the tropical oyster, Crassostrea iredalei, in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal was conducted over two months. The results revealed no differences in the absolute growth rate determined by shell width between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). Sub-adult oysters cultured in the mangrove canal showed a higher absolute growth rate in shell length and a higher daily growth rate than the oysters cultured in the earthen pond (P < 0.05). The mean survival rate of sub-adult oysters cultured in the earthen pond (99.8 ± 0.2%) was significantly higher than for those cultured in the mangrove canal (66.7 ± 31.4%). Decreased density from the loss of sub-adult oyster nursery culture in the mangrove canal led to higher growth performance than in the earthen pond. However, no difference was found for the fraction of oysters larger or smaller than 5 cm for the two culture sites (P < 0.05). A significant difference was noted in the Condition Index (CI) between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). The high primary productivity in mangroves is a major supporter of higher CI in sub-adult oysters cultured in mangrove canals versus in earthen ponds. Water exchange in the earthen pond to maintain calcium and magnesium concentrations resulted in no differences in the shell compressibility of sub-adult oysters compared with those cultured in the mangrove canal.

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