scholarly journals Rationing of basic transport and operational qualities of the winter covers logging roads

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Игорь Кручинин ◽  
Igor Kruchinin ◽  
Ольга Бурмистрова ◽  
Olga Burmistrova
Keyword(s):  
Main Parameter ◽  
Structural Strength ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ural Region ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Snow Layer ◽  
Depth Gauge ◽  
Snow Temperature ◽  
Main Material ◽  
Winter Logging

The main material for the construction of the coatings of the winter forest roads is snow. The creation of this snow and ice durable material of the structural layers of pavement associated with a number of features. The main parameter that will define the structural strength of the pavement to be the hardness of the snow. In the operation of the winter timber-carrying roads this option almost never defined. We have conducted studies on the formation of a layer of compacted coating on the roadway depending on the amount of precipitation. The evaluation of the degree of influence of the density of falling snow on the magnitude of the compacted layer. When studying the degree of influence of precipitation was analyzed climatic conditions that operated hauling winter roads. It has been shown that the density of snow in the compacted layer affects the intensity of movement of trains, composition of traffic flow, the humidity of the snow and air and snow temperature. The density of the layer of the same influences and the evaporation of snow. Based on the experimental data were obtained the coefficients of evaporation of snow for the entire winter for the conditions of the Ural region. Based on these data, the calculated values of the possible maximum thickness of compacted layer at various speeds of movement of logging trucks and the different density of freshly fallen snow. The dependencies of the density layer of snow monthly. Found that to find the value of the thickness of the compacted layer to the end of the winter period, it is necessary to take into account the wear and evaporation of snow in the next months. This was carried out to estimate the depth gauge on a Packed snow surface. The recommended values for the maximum depth gauge on the surface for various road-climatic sub-zones. Set values of a compacted snow layer on the roadway by the end of the winter period for winter timber transportation trunk roads for winter logging winter logging mustache and branches.

scholarly journals Regional assessment of climate risks using GIS technologies (on the example of the Belgorod Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Yuri Chendev ◽  
Maria Lebedeva ◽  
Olga Krymskaya ◽  
Maria Petina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The Impact

The ongoing climate change requires a quantitative assessment of the impact of weather conditions on the nature and livelihoods of the population. However, to date, the concept of “climate risk” has not been finally defined, and the corresponding terminology is not universally recognized. One manifestation of climate change is an increase in climate variability and extremeness in many regions. At the same time, modern statistics indicate growing worldwide damage from dangerous weather and climate events. The most widely used in climate services is the concept of “Vulnerability index”, which reflects a combination (with or without weighing) of several indicators that indicate the potential damage that climate change can cause to a particular sector of the economy. development of adaptation measures to ensure sustainable development of territories. The main criterion for the vulnerability of the territory from the point of view of meteorological parameters is the extremeness of the basic values: daily air temperature, daily precipitation, maximum wind speed. To fully take into account the possible impacts of extreme climatic conditions on the region’s economy, it is necessary to detail the weather and climate risks taking into account the entire observation network, since significant differences in quantitative assessment are possible. The obtained average regional values of the climate vulnerability indices for the Belgorod Region of the Russian Federation provide 150 points for the winter period, 330 points for the summer season, which indicates the prevalence of extreme weather conditions in the warm season. Most of the territory has a relative influence on climatic phenomena, with the exception of the East and the Southeast Region. Moreover, the eastern part of the region is the most vulnerable in climatic terms.

Agrobiological assessment of adaptive plum varieties in the conditions of the Orenburg Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
V. R. Bashirova ◽  
E. M. Feschenko
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Productivity Index ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Plum Varieties ◽  
Horticultural Research

The article presents data of agrobiological evaluation (2018-2021) of plum collection samples of Orenburg branch of Federal Horticultural Research Center for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. The research was aimed at identifying varieties and forms with the best characteristics of winter hardiness, drought resistance, productivity. In the Orenburg Urals, breeding development measures aimed at increasing the adaptability and productivity of plum plantations are appropriate. According to the results of a comprehensive assessment of productivity and adaptability, promising plum varieties have been identified. The best adaptability to adverse weather and climatic conditions of the winter period was characteristic of plum varieties Kuyashskaya and Vega. According to the weight of the fruit, Antonina and Kuyashskaya varieties (24,26 g and 23,19 g) stood out as promising plum varieties. The highest productivity index was found in the plum varieties Svetlana (12,46 kg) and Nadezhda (11,48 kg), the yield of these varieties was 5 and 5,4 t/ha, respectively. The Khabarovsk early and Svetlana varieties were characterized by the greatest accumulation of dry soluble substances –17,93 and 16,72 %. The highest total acidity (1,78 %) and the ascorbic acid content (9,46 mg%) were marked in the Svetlana variety. Characteristics of the water regime were the best in forms 12-7, 11-10 and varieties Antonina, Kuyashskaya. The identified adaptive plum varieties can be recommended for the expansion of the zoned assortment on the territory of the Orenburg Urals.

scholarly journals Influence of Climate Conditions on the Temporal Development of Wheat Yields in a Long-Term Experiment in an Area with Pleistocene Loess

Climate ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Heil ◽  
Anna Lehner ◽  
Urs Schmidhalter
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Indices ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Available Water ◽  
Late Spring Frost

Field experiments were conducted to test different agronomic practices, such as soil cultivation, fertilization, and pest and weed management, in highly controlled plot cultivation. The inter-annual yields and the interpretation of such experiments is highly affected by the variability of climatic conditions and fertilization level. We examined the effect of different climate indices, such as winterkill, late spring frost, early autumn frost, different drought parameters, precipitation-free periods, and heat-related stress, on winter wheat yield. This experiment was conducted in an agricultural area with highly fertile conditions, characterized by a high available water capacity and considerable C and N contents in lower soil depths. Residuals were calculated from long-term yield trends with a validated method (time series autoregressive integrated moving average ARIMA) and these served as base values for the detection of climate-induced, short-term, and inter-annual variations. In a subsequent step, the real yield values were used for their derivations from climate factors. Residuals and real yields were correlated with climate variables in multiple regression of quantitative analyses of the yield sensitivity. The inter-annual variation of yields varied considerably within the observation period. However, the variation was less an effect of the climatic conditions during the main growing time periods, being more of an effect of the prevailing climate conditions in the winter period as well as of the transition periods from winter to the warmer season and vice versa. The high storage capacity of plant available water exerted a remarkable dampening effect on drought-induced effects during the main vegetation periods. Increasing fertilization led to increased susceptibility to drought stress. The results indicate a changed picture of the yield development in these fertile locations.

scholarly journals Design and monitoring of energy-active facade module

2020 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 24005
Author(s):  
Nikola Pokorny ◽  
Tomas Matuska ◽  
Vladimir Jirka ◽  
Borivoj Sourek
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Summer Period ◽  
Beam Radiation ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Long Term Monitoring ◽  
Term Monitoring

Testing of two facade modules under outdoor climatic conditions of Central Europe has been performed for more than two years. The paper analyses the results of long-term monitoring and shows potential benefits of prismatic glazing and photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collectors integrated into one component. The prismatic glazing reflects beam radiation during summer period and transmits it during the winter period. During summer month solar irradiation transmitted through the prismatic glazing can be about 44 % lower compared to conventional triple glazing. Glazed PVT collector generates heat and electricity simultaneously. PVT collector integrated in the façade module can achieve solar yield during summer 58 kWh/m2.month in heat and 6,3 kWh/m2.month in electricity.

scholarly journals Comparative studies on the grazing behaviour of fallow deer and sheep in winter

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-497
Author(s):  
A. Fischer ◽  
G. Schalitz ◽  
A. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Snow Storms ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

Abstract. During two successive winter periods the ingestive behaviour of female fallow deer and Skudde mother sheep was observed during the day-light periods of a day in fourteen-day intervals. The animals were grouped together on an extensively used permanent fen pasture area with a stock of 0.5 large-animal units (which corresponds to 250 kg of animal living mass) per hectare. Sufficient quantities of fresh grass and hay were available. The results obtained show that the animals maintained their species-specific ingestive behaviour despite common keeping. As compared to fallow deer, the sheep spent markedly longer time with ingestive activities. There were only rare instances of rivalry and conflict (over grazing positions or hay-feeding points) between the two species. The animals of the two groups of species under examination are well adapted to the prevailing climatic conditions. They proved to be able to respond to extreme weather conditions as cold periods and snow storms. It can be rightfully stated that they are able to spend the winter in the open without harm to their health. Outdoor keeping in the winter period can be regarded as suitable for fallow deer and Skudde sheep in northeast Germany.

scholarly journals Impact of Climate, Climate Change and Modern Technology on Wheat Production in Nepal: A Case Study at Bhairahawa

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janak Lal Nayava ◽  
Rabi Singh ◽  
Madan Raj Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Supplementary Irrigation ◽  
Key Words Climate Change

The relation between climate and wheat production in Nepal was studied for the period 1970/71-2007/08. Due to the topographical differences within short north-south span of the country, Nepal has wide variety of climatic condition. About 70 to 90% of the rainfall occurs during the summer monsoon months (June to September) in Nepal and the rest of the months are almost dry. Wheat is cultivated during the dry winter period and therefore, the supplementary irrigation plays a vital role in its cultivation. Varieties of wheat have been developed to suit the local climatic conditions. Due to the availability of improved seeds, modern cultivation practice and a supplementary irrigation; the wheat cultivation has increased substantially throughout Nepal. The national area and production of wheat has remarkably increased from 228,000 ha to 706,481 ha and 193360 mt to 1,572,065 mt during 1970/71 to 2007/2008 respectively. Future planning to increase the wheat production in Nepal should give due consideration to the effect of global warming also. The present rate of annual increase of temperature was 0.06°C in Nepal. Trends of temperature rise were not uniform in Nepal. An increase of annual temperature at Bhairahawa during 1970-2008 was only 0.018°C. However, the wheat growing seasons at Bhairahawa, the trend of annual maximum temperature during November to April was -0.0068°C during the study period. Though modern facilities such as irrigation, improved seeds and fertilizers are available to some extent, weather and climate still plays an important role in the increase of area and production of wheat in Nepal Key words: climate change; plain low land (phant); global warming; trendDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jhm.v6i1.5479 Journal of Hydrology and Meteorology, Vol. 6, No. 1 1-14

Behavioural responses to climatic demands of dairy heifers housed outdoors

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Redbo ◽  
Anders Ehrlemark ◽  
Peter Redbo-Torstensson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Winter Climate ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Dairy Heifers

The aim of the present study was to investigate the behavioural responses to different climatic demands of growing dairy heifers, during winter at a latitude of 60°N. Two groups (n= 11,12) of yearling dairy heifers were housed in two similar 3-ha enclosures, characterised by deciduous forest, ley and pasture. Each enclosure also contained a lying area, a heated water source and a feed bunk from which the heifers had free access to grass silage. The behaviour and location of each heifer were recorded by instant interval observations every 5 min between 0600 h and 2000 h during 23 observation days spread over the entire winter period. Outdoor temperature, wind speed and solar radiation were measured continuously. The climatic energy demand (CED, W m–2) was measured with a heated animal model. The climate had significant effects on all the main activities and on the location of the heifers. Higher CED values corresponded to a greater number of observations of heifers in the lying area, and a greater incidence of lying and of ruminating, but to a decreased incidence of eating and grazing. Increased migration to the forested areas instead of to open areas reflected increasing CED values. The results from the present study show that dairy heifers adapt their behavioural activity and choice of location to the climatic conditions, to reduce energy expenditure. Thus, dairy heifers can be sustained in a cold climate if they are provided with wind breaks and dry lying places. Key words: Bos taurus, dairy cattle, behaviour, winter climate

scholarly journals Hormonal state of breeding bulls after a long winter period of operation in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
A. I. Abilov ◽  
A. A. Azhmyakov ◽  
I. P. Novgorodova
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Endogenous Hormones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Cholesterol Precursor ◽  
Average Serum ◽  
Modern Breeding

Relevance. The study will help to identify new perspectives in breeding; get new data about the biological processes occurring in the body of animals according to the endogenous hormones of breeding bulls. The hormonal-immunobiological relationship in the body of bulls and their adaptive ability in different climatic conditions is a very important issue today.Methods. The work was performed in a temperate continental climate with a long, snowy winter and warm summer in the conditions of the Udmurt Republic in the period from 2020 to 2021 on breeding bulls (n = 27) of modern breeding at the age of 15–69 months. The state of endogenous hormones testosterone, estradiol, thyroxine and cortisol after a long winter period was studied, depending on the age, breed and selection in the normal physiological functioning of breeding bulls. The average serum values of estradiol — 0.517 nmol/l, testosterone — 25.7 nmol/l, thyroxine — 74.7 nmol/l, cortisol — 420 nmol/l, and their cholesterol precursor at the level of 3.2 nmol/l were established in the blood of breeding bulls located in this region. It was found that, depending on age, there are differences in all the studied indicators, however, there is a reliability for thyroxine and cortisol. The concentration of cortisol by selection significantly differs in imported bulls of European selection from the Netherlands at the level of p > 0.05, which characterizes the presence of a certain stress adaptation factor in this group. In terms of variability, a significant difference between min and max indicators was noted for the concentration of testosterone, which varied between 2.4 nmol/l and 60 nmol/l, indicating the individuality of these hormones in breeding bulls in this region.Results. Based on the data obtained, the need to take these data into account when operating breeding bulls and analyzing sperm products, taking into account the concentration of these hormones, as well as the implementation of appropriate preventive measures, is revealed.

scholarly journals Assessment of the adaptive potential of the plum-tree to the conditions of the winter period in the northern forest-steppe of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00120
Author(s):  
Tatyana Slepneva ◽  
Sergey Makarenko ◽  
Alexander Taranau
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Plum Tree

The results of assessment are presented the stability of 13 sorts of plum-tree P. salicina subsp. ussuriensis Koval. et Kost. to the climatic conditions in the winter period from 2015/16 to 2020/21 in the northern forest-steppe of the Southern Urals. Like the control sort Ural’skaya zolotistaya by high adaptability to the conditions of the winter period are characterized sorts Altajskaya yubilejnaya, Zavet, Pionerka, Sapfir, Seyanec Krasnogo shara, Sodruzhestvo, Sinil’ga, Ural’skie zori, Chernosliv pozdnij. Stable fruiting over the years, regardless of weather conditions, during the flowering period with a yield of 62.0 to 91.6 hundredweight/ha are mark out with an increasing total sort Altajskaya yubilejnaya, Pionerka, Chernosliv pozdnij. The control sort Ural’skaya zolotistaya exceeds the yield of the sort Altajskaya yubilejnaya (91.6 hundredweight/ha), at the level of control the yield of the sorts Sodruzhestvo (71.5 hundredweight/ha), Sapfir (70.0 hundredweight/ha).

scholarly journals Numerical study of heat and mass transfer of a wall containing micro-encapsulated phase change concrete (PCC)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour lajimi ◽  
Noureddine Boukadida
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Phase Change ◽  
Heat And Mass Transfer ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Nodal Method

Abstract The aim of this work is to study the one-dimensional heat and mass transfer through a ceiling wall containing micro-encapsulated PCC (phase change concrete) under realistic climatic conditions based on meteorological data in Tunisia based on software EnergyPlus. This work deals with a numerical study based on the nodal method to predict the effect of integration of a layer of PCC on the thermal, mass behavior and on the thermal sensation of the occupant as well as on the reduction of the energy consumption for the summer and winter period associated with the composite envelope building.

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