scholarly journals Comparative studies on the grazing behaviour of fallow deer and sheep in winter

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 487-497
Author(s):  
A. Fischer ◽  
G. Schalitz ◽  
A. Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fallow Deer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Pasture Area ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Snow Storms ◽  
Ingestive Behaviour ◽  
Grazing Behaviour

Abstract. During two successive winter periods the ingestive behaviour of female fallow deer and Skudde mother sheep was observed during the day-light periods of a day in fourteen-day intervals. The animals were grouped together on an extensively used permanent fen pasture area with a stock of 0.5 large-animal units (which corresponds to 250 kg of animal living mass) per hectare. Sufficient quantities of fresh grass and hay were available. The results obtained show that the animals maintained their species-specific ingestive behaviour despite common keeping. As compared to fallow deer, the sheep spent markedly longer time with ingestive activities. There were only rare instances of rivalry and conflict (over grazing positions or hay-feeding points) between the two species. The animals of the two groups of species under examination are well adapted to the prevailing climatic conditions. They proved to be able to respond to extreme weather conditions as cold periods and snow storms. It can be rightfully stated that they are able to spend the winter in the open without harm to their health. Outdoor keeping in the winter period can be regarded as suitable for fallow deer and Skudde sheep in northeast Germany.

scholarly journals Regional assessment of climate risks using GIS technologies (on the example of the Belgorod Region)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Yuri Chendev ◽  
Maria Lebedeva ◽  
Olga Krymskaya ◽  
Maria Petina
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Climate Risks ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
The Impact

The ongoing climate change requires a quantitative assessment of the impact of weather conditions on the nature and livelihoods of the population. However, to date, the concept of “climate risk” has not been finally defined, and the corresponding terminology is not universally recognized. One manifestation of climate change is an increase in climate variability and extremeness in many regions. At the same time, modern statistics indicate growing worldwide damage from dangerous weather and climate events. The most widely used in climate services is the concept of “Vulnerability index”, which reflects a combination (with or without weighing) of several indicators that indicate the potential damage that climate change can cause to a particular sector of the economy. development of adaptation measures to ensure sustainable development of territories. The main criterion for the vulnerability of the territory from the point of view of meteorological parameters is the extremeness of the basic values: daily air temperature, daily precipitation, maximum wind speed. To fully take into account the possible impacts of extreme climatic conditions on the region’s economy, it is necessary to detail the weather and climate risks taking into account the entire observation network, since significant differences in quantitative assessment are possible. The obtained average regional values of the climate vulnerability indices for the Belgorod Region of the Russian Federation provide 150 points for the winter period, 330 points for the summer season, which indicates the prevalence of extreme weather conditions in the warm season. Most of the territory has a relative influence on climatic phenomena, with the exception of the East and the Southeast Region. Moreover, the eastern part of the region is the most vulnerable in climatic terms.

scholarly journals Assessment of the adaptive potential of the plum-tree to the conditions of the winter period in the northern forest-steppe of the Southern Urals

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 00120
Author(s):  
Tatyana Slepneva ◽  
Sergey Makarenko ◽  
Alexander Taranau
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Adaptive Potential ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Northern Forest ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Plum Tree

The results of assessment are presented the stability of 13 sorts of plum-tree P. salicina subsp. ussuriensis Koval. et Kost. to the climatic conditions in the winter period from 2015/16 to 2020/21 in the northern forest-steppe of the Southern Urals. Like the control sort Ural’skaya zolotistaya by high adaptability to the conditions of the winter period are characterized sorts Altajskaya yubilejnaya, Zavet, Pionerka, Sapfir, Seyanec Krasnogo shara, Sodruzhestvo, Sinil’ga, Ural’skie zori, Chernosliv pozdnij. Stable fruiting over the years, regardless of weather conditions, during the flowering period with a yield of 62.0 to 91.6 hundredweight/ha are mark out with an increasing total sort Altajskaya yubilejnaya, Pionerka, Chernosliv pozdnij. The control sort Ural’skaya zolotistaya exceeds the yield of the sort Altajskaya yubilejnaya (91.6 hundredweight/ha), at the level of control the yield of the sorts Sodruzhestvo (71.5 hundredweight/ha), Sapfir (70.0 hundredweight/ha).

scholarly journals A Review of Techniques used by Canada and other Northern Countries for Measurement and Computation of Streamflow under Ice Conditions

1990 ◽  
Vol 21 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 317-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice M. Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Monitoring Program ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Field Methods ◽  
Daily Streamflow ◽  
Ice Conditions ◽  
Discharge Measurements

In Canada, Water Survey of Canada, a division of the Water Resources Branch of Environment Canada, is responsible for the collection and processing of data from more than 3,300 active streamflow, water level and sediment data gauging stations. Because of the climatic conditions prevalent in Canada, an important part of the monitoring program is conducted under winter ice conditions. The determination of daily streamflow records during the winter period is important for several practical purposes, in particular for water power development. Essential to the computation of daily discharge records, are reliable streamflow measurements. However, discharge measurements under ice conditions are generally difficult to obtain because of severe weather conditions, hazardous field conditions, and ill-adapted field measurement techniques. In this paper, the field methods and instruments, and computational methods used by Water Survey of Canada for streamflow measurement and computation under ice conditions are reviewed. Factors affecting the accuracy of discharge measurements performed under ice conditions are discussed. Newly developed instruments for use under ice conditions are described and their advantages discussed. A comparison between techniques used by Canada and other northern countries is also given. Areas of research and investigations for improvement in the overall quality of data are suggested.

Factors that determine the livability of the bees of Carpathian breed in winter

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
O. Zelenina
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Regional Center ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
Bee Colonies

The livability of the bee colonies in winter is an important breeding characteristic that depends on the breed of bees and paratypical factors such as: weather conditions during the winter and in the summer, the strength of bee colonies, availability of feed, disease and pests of bees, etc. The purpose of this work was to assess the livability of the bee colonies of Carpathian breed in winter under the environments of climatic conditions in the Kaluga region. The object of researches was bee colonies of Carpathian breed in apiary LLC Belyaevo Podvorye, which located at a distance of 30 km from the regional center of Kaluga. During the winter period 2019–2020 the daytime temperature was 4,2 °C higher than last year. The average temperature from November to March was 2,6 °C. The strength of bee colonies before wintering in the fall of 2018 was the average of 9,1 streets that was by 2,1 streets more than in 2019. However, the livability of bee colonies during the winter period of this year was 98,1 % that was by 21,2 % higher than the previous year. The decrease in the strength of the Carpathian bee colonies did not have the negative influence on the wintering result. In the spring of 2019 nine bee colonies were culled and merged. The results, which have been got on the base of the inspection in 2020 one bee family were to be culled. Stocks of feed for bees for the winter of the previous year were completely enough. In the spring of this year eight bee colonies have been fed several times due to insufficient feed supplies. The age of bee queens according to spring examinations for two years was the same: 70 % of queens of the last year of birth and 25–26 % of the year before birth.

PERSONALIZED APPROACH TO THE ORGANIZATION OF MEDICAL CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH WEATHER DEPENDENCE

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-39
Author(s):  
Klepikov O.V. ◽  
Kolyagina N.M. ◽  
Berezhnova T.A. ◽  
Kulintsova Ya.V.
Keyword(s):  
Medical Care ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Pathological Effect ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Personalized Approach

Relevance. Today, in preventive medicine, climatic conditions that have a pathological effect on the functional state of a person are increasingly being updated. the occurrence of exacerbations of many diseases can be causally associated with various weather conditions. Aim: to develop the main tasks for improving the organization of medical care for weather-dependent patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Material and methods. The assessment of personnel, material and technical support and the main performance indicators of an outpatient clinic was carried out on the example of the Voronezh city polyclinic No. 18 to develop the main tasks for improving the organization of medical care for weather-dependent patients with diseases of the cardiovascular system. Results. The main personnel problem is the low staffing of district therapists and specialists of a narrow service. One of the priorities for reducing the burden on medical hospitals is the organization of inpatient replacement medical care on the basis of outpatient clinics. The indicators for the implementation of state guarantees for the outpatient network for 2018, which were fully implemented, are given. The analysis of the planned load performance by polyclinic specialists is presented. Cardiological and neurological services carry out measures to reduce the risk of exacerbations of diseases with cerebral atherosclerosis, hypertension, and major neurological nosologies. Conclusion. Improving the organization of medical care for weather-dependent patients with cardiovascular diseases are: informing patients about the sources of specialized medical weather forecasts in the region, organizing the work of the medical prevention office, implementing an interdepartmental approach to providing health care to the most vulnerable groups of the population.

Influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-steppe

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
R.O. Myalkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Potato Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
The Right

Goal. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, analytical and statistical. Results.It was established that among the mid-range varieties Divo stands out with a yield of 42.3 t/ha, Malin white – 39.8 t/ha, and Legend – 37.1 t/ ha. The most favourable weather and climatic conditions for the production of potato tubers were for the Divo 2011 variety with a yield of 45.9 t/ha and 2013 – 45.1 t/ha. For the Legenda variety 2016, the yield of potato tubers is 40.6 t/ha and 2017 – 43.2 t/ha. Malin White 2013 is 41.4 t/ha and 2017 42.1 t/ha. The average varieties of potatoes showed a slightly lower yield on average over the years of research. However, among the varieties is allocated Nadiyna – 40.3 t/ha, Slovyanka – 37.2 t/ ha and Vera 33.8 t/ha. Among the years, the most high-yielding for the Vera variety was 2016 with a yield of 36.6 t/ha and 2017 year – 37.8 t/ha. Varieties Slovyanka and Nadiyna 2011 and 2012 with yields of 42.6 and 44.3 t/ha and 46.5 and 45.3 t/ha, respectively. Characterizing the yield of potato tubers of medium-late varieties over the years of research, there was a decrease in this indicator compared with medium-early and middle-aged varieties. However, the high yield of the varieties of Dar is allocated – 40.0 t/ha, Alladin – 33.6 t/ha and Oxamit 31.3 t/ha. Among the years, the most favourable ones were: for Oxamit and Alladin – 2011 – 33.5 and 36.5 t/ha, and 2017 – 34.1 and 36.4 t/ha, respectively. Favourable years for harvesting varieties were 2011 and 2012 with yields of 45.7 and 45.8 t/ha. Thus, the highest yield of potato tubers on average over the years of studies of medium-early varieties of 41.2-43.3 t / ha were provided by weather conditions of 2011 and 2017 years, medium-ripe varieties 41.0-41.1 - 2012 and 2011, medium- late 37,6-38,5 t / ha - 2012 and 2011, respectively.

Optimal Command for Photovoltaic Systems in Real Outdoor Weather Conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Abouadane ◽  
Abderrahim Fakkar ◽  
Benyounes Oukarfi
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Power Point Tracking ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point

The photovoltaic panel is characterized by a unique point called the maximum power point (MPP) where the panel produces its maximum power. However, this point is highly influenced by the weather conditions and the fluctuation of load which drop the efficiency of the photovoltaic system. Therefore, the insertion of the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is compulsory to track the maximum power of the panel. The approach adopted in this paper is based on combining the strengths of two maximum power point tracking techniques. As a result, an efficient maximum power point tracking method is obtained. It leads to an accurate determination of the MPP during different situations of climatic conditions and load. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed MPPT method, it has been simulated in matlab/simulink under different conditions.

scholarly journals Global Tree Taper Modelling: A Review of Applications, Methods, Functions, and Their Parameters

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Serajis Salekin ◽  
Cristian Higuera Catalán ◽  
Daniel Boczniewicz ◽  
Darius Phiri ◽  
Justin Morgenroth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Taper Function ◽  
Complex Functions ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Simple Equations ◽  
Taper Equations

Taper functions are important tools for forest description, modelling, assessment, and management. A large number of studies have been conducted to develop and improve taper functions; however, few review studies have been dedicated to addressing their development and parameters. This review summarises the development of taper functions by considering their parameterisation, geographic and species-specific limitations, and applications. This study showed that there has been an increase in the number of studies of taper function and contemporary methods have been developed for the establishment of these functions. The reviewed studies also show that taper functions have been developed from simple equations in the early 1900s to complex functions in modern times. Early taper functions included polynomial, sigmoid, principal component analysis (PCA), and linear mixed functions, while contemporary machine learning (ML) approaches include artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF). Further analysis of the published literature also shows that most of the studies of taper functions have been carried out in Europe and the Americas, meaning most taper equations are not specifically applicable to tropical tree species. Developing well-conditioned taper functions requires reducing the variation due to species, measurement techniques, and climatic conditions, among other factors. The information presented in this study is important for understanding and developing taper functions. Future studies can focus on developing better taper functions by incorporating emerging remote sensing and geospatial datasets, and using contemporary statistical approaches such as ANN and RF.

Selection of drought-resistant crops for South Steppe of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
V. V. Gamayunova ◽  
L. H. Khonenko ◽  
M. I. Fedorchuk ◽  
O. A. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Chemical Application ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Drought Resistant

The cultivation expediency of more drought-resistant crops, in particular sorghum, millet, false flax, safflower and others, instead of sunflower in the area of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine is substantiated. This is, first of all, required by climate change both in Ukraine and in the world. Since 2004, researches of field crops were carried out in the conditions of the Educational and Scientific Practical Center of the Mykolaiv National Agrarian University. Soil phase is the southern chernozem with humus content in the 0–30 cm soil layer which consist of 2.96–3.21 %, with medium and high level of availability of mobile phosphorus and potassium and low – mobile nitrogen. Experiments with soriz (Oksamyt hybrid) were conducted during 2004–2006, millet (Tavriiske, Kostantynivske, Skhidnevarieties) in 2008–2010, grain sorghum (Stepovyi 5 hybrid) in 2014–2016, safflower dye (Lahidnyi variety) in 2017–2019. The years of research differed significantly in temperature and even more in the amount of precipitation before sowing and during the growing season of crops. However, the weather conditions were typical of the Southern Steppe zone of Ukraine. It is established that all studied drought-resistant crops respond positively to nutrition optimization – the level of yield and quality of grain or seeds increases. It was found that the soriz productivity depending on the application of fertilizers and sowing dates increased by 37.6–39.2 %, millet –by 33.3–41.6 %, grain sorghum depending on the background of nutrition and growing conditions – by 8.2–33.2 %, dye safflower – by 11.1–64.6 %. It was determined that the optimization of nutrition of cultivated crops allows to increase their resistance to adverse conditions and productivity in the case of application of low doses of the mineral fertilizers before sowing, pre-sowing treatment of seeds, and growth-regulating chemical application of plants on the main stages of the growing season. Key words: drought-resistant plants, climatic conditions, nutrition optimization, yield, crop quality, varieties, sowing dates.

scholarly journals Surface Changes of Selected Hardwoods Due to Weather Conditions

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Kubovský ◽  
Eliška Oberhofnerová ◽  
František Kačík ◽  
Miloš Pánek
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Chemical Changes ◽  
Colour Changes ◽  
Surface Changes

The study is focused on the surface changes of five hardwoods (oak, black locust, poplar, alder and maple) that were exposed to natural weathering for 24 months in the climatic conditions of Central Europe. Colour, roughness, visual and chemical changes of exposed surface structures were examined. The lowest total colour changes (ΔE*) were found for oak (23.77), the highest being recorded for maple (34.19). Roughness differences after 24-month exposure (ΔRa) showed minimal changes in poplar wood (9.41); the highest changes in roughness were found on the surface of alder (22.18). The presence of mould and blue stains was found on the surface of maple, alder and poplar. Chemical changes were characterized by lignin and hemicelluloses degradation. Decreases of both methoxy and carbonyl groups, cleavage of bonds in lignin and hemicelluloses, oxidation reaction and formation of new chromophores were observed. In the initial phases of the degradation process, the discoloration was related to chemical changes; in the longer period, the greying due to settling of dust particles and action of mould influenced the wood colour. The data were confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The obtained results revealed degradation processes of tested hardwood surfaces exposed to external environmental factors.

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