scholarly journals THERMOCHEMICAL PROCESSING OF SUNFLOWER HUSKS

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 130-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Виталий Харьков ◽  
Vitaliy Har'kov ◽  
Денис Тунцев ◽  
Denis Tuncev ◽  
Максим Кузнецов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Thermochemical Processing

The article discusses the study of the process of thermochemical processing of sunflower husk into liquid, solid and gaseous products. According to the statistics provided by Rosstat, sunflower is the traditional largest agricultural oil crop in Russia. To date, the gross seed collection of about 12 million tons per year. In the process of industrial production of sunflower oil during the entire production cycle, a large amount of plant waste, including husk seeds. Currently, there are many areas for the use of sunflower husk, the main of which is the production of feed additives for cattle. However, the presented areas of industrial application do not allow to fully process this valuable resource into cost-effective products, which leads to its accumulation. Analysis of the physical properties of sunflower husk showed a high calorific value of this biomass due to the high lignin content. Sunflower husk has a low ash content. These facts indicate the possibility of effectively using the husks as raw materials for the production of coal briquettes, liquid biofuels and gaseous products by the thermochemical method. Using standard techniques, the properties and chemical composition of selected samples of sunflower husk were determined. In order to identify the optimal parameters for the maximum yield of liquid and solid products of pyrolysis of sunflower husk, the experimental ways were determined dependences of the yield of products on the temperature of thermal decomposition. The study of the thermal decomposition of sunflower husk was carried out in isothermal conditions at temperatures of 450, 500, 550 and 600 ° C. The experiments were carried out in a periodic pyrolysis reactor of plant biomass. The results of studies on the yield of process products from the temperature of thermal decomposition of sunflower husk showed that the maximum yield of liquid product up to 43% occurs at a temperature of 550 ° C, and that of a solid product up to 35% at a temperature of 450 ° C. A further increase in the temperature of the pyrolysis process leads to an increase in the yield of the gaseous product.

scholarly journals Fractionation of Birch Wood by Integrating Alkaline-Acid Treatments and Hydrogenation in Ethanol over a Bifunctional Ruthenium Catalyst

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Boris N. Kuznetsov ◽  
Sergey V. Baryshnikov ◽  
Angelina V. Miroshnikova ◽  
Aleksandr S. Kazachenko ◽  
Yuriy N. Malyar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Catalytic Hydrogenation ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Ruthenium Catalyst ◽  
Birch Wood ◽  
Gaseous Products ◽  
Liquid Products ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the fractionation of birch wood into microcrystalline cellulose, xylose and methoxyphenols is suggested based on the integration of alkali-acid pretreatments and hydrogenation in ethanol over a bifunctional Ru/C catalyst. It is established that removal of hemicelluloses during pretreatments of birch wood influences the yields of the liquid, gaseous and solid products of the non-catalytic and catalytic hydrogenation of pretreated samples in ethanol at 225 °C. The bifunctional Ru/carbon catalyst affects in different ways the conversion and yields of products of hydrogenation of the initial and acid- and alkali-pretreated birch wood. The most noticeable influence is characteristic of the hydrogenation of the acid-pretreated wood, where in contrast to the non-catalytic hydrogenation, the wood conversion and the yields of liquid products increase but the yields of the solid and gaseous products decrease. GC-MS, gel permeation chromatography and elemental analysis were used for characterization of the liquid product composition. The molecular mass distribution of the liquid products of hydrogenation of the initial and pretreated wood shifts towards the low-molecular range in the presence of the catalyst. From the GC-MS data, the contents of monomer compounds, predominantly 4-propylsyringol and 4-propanolsyringol, increase in the presence of the ruthenium catalyst. The solid products of catalytic hydrogenation of the pretreated wood contain up to 95 wt% of cellulose with the structure, similar to that of microcrystalline cellulose.

scholarly journals New methods of acid hydrolysis of cellulose and plant raw materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
V. S. Boltovsky
Keyword(s):  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Catalytic Systems ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Prospects for the development of hydrolysis production are determined by the relevance of industrial use of plant biomass to replace the declining reserves of fossil organic raw materials and increasing demand for ethanol, especially for its use as automobile fuel, protein-containing feed additives that compensate for protein deficiency in feed production, and other products. Based on the review of the research results presented in the scientific literature, the analysis of modern methods of liquid-phase acid hydrolysis of cellulose and various types of plant raw materials, including those that differ from traditional ones, is performed. The main directions of increasing its efficiency through the use of new catalytic systems and process conditions are identified. It is shown that the most promising methods for obtaining monosaccharides in hydrolytic processing of cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose, pentosan-containing agricultural waste and wood, are methods for carrying out the process at elevated and supercritical temperatures (high-temperature hydrolysis), the use of new types of solid-acid catalysts and ionic liquids. 

The Study on Anaerobic Fermentative Biological Hydrogen Production with Organic Wastes

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1476-1480
Author(s):  
Xiao Ye Liu ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Jian Yu Yang ◽  
Yong Feng Li
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
H2 Production ◽  
Hydrogen Yield ◽  
Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor ◽  
Brown Sugar

This papre discussed the ability of H2-production and wastewater treatment, a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR)using a synthesized substrate with brown sugar wastewater was conducted to investigate the hydrogen yield, fermentation type of biohydrogen production, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate, respectively. The results show that when the pH value was 4.0～4.5, OLR was 24.5kg/(m3•d), oxidation-reduction potential was -350～-450mv, temperature was 34.0°C～36.0°C, hydraulic retention time was 6h～8h, the maximum yield of biogas production reached 20L/d and the maximum content of hydrogen is 70%. Detection of the end liquid product, ethanol and acetic acid are main, they are 70% ~90% of the total liquid product, so that is called ethanol-type fermentation.

Degradation of the carbon skeleton of glutamic acid

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1333-1334
Author(s):  
Stuart H. Simon ◽  
John J. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Glutamic Acid ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Carbon Skeleton ◽  
Succinic Semialdehyde ◽  
Chloramine T

Glutamic acid labeled with 14C was converted to succinic semialdehyde by the action of Chloramine-T, the aldehyde was converted to the hydrazone, and the hydrazone was converted to butyric acid by thermal decomposition. Maximum yield of butyric acid was obtained if the temperature of the liquid phase was not lower than 195 °C during the 4 h of refluxing to decompose the hydrazone.

Experimental Research on Microwave Induced Thermal Decomposition of Printed Circuit Board Wastes

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhixiao Zhang ◽  
Xintian Zhao ◽  
Eilhann Kwon ◽  
Marco J. Castaldi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
N2 Atmosphere

As a result of electronic industry development in China, significant amount of Printed Circuit Board (PCBs) wastes are generated. The thermal decomposition via combustion or pyrolysis/gasification is considered to be a feasible disposal way for PCBs. To understand the consequences of pyrolysis, gasification or combustion in WTE facilities, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) has been carried to characterize the thermal decomposition mechanisms and extract the kinetic parameters in various atmospheres (N2, CO2 and air) to simulate different regions in WTE applications. TGA tests in N2 atmosphere showed there was only one significant reaction in the low temperature range of 270∼350°C, which was the decomposition of epoxy resin in PCBs. The behavior in CO2 atmosphere was similar with that in N2. However, the PCBs oxidation process in air atmosphere showed two thermal decomposition steps. One was the thermal decomposition similar to the volatilization in N2 atmosphere and the second step showed oxidation behavior. Some pre-processing was investigated to explore possible benefits in WTE combustion. PCBs waste was pyrolyzed using a microwave tubular furnace. The liquid product were collected and then identified by means of gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Most of the Br contained in PCBs was released into non-condensable gas in the form of HBr. The liquid product contained a large amount of phenolic compounds, bisphenol A and other aromatic compounds that can be used to produce related chemical products or used in WTE facilities. The experimental results including the thermal kinetic parameters and microwave induced pyrolysis indicate the complex mechanisms that take place during the pyrolysis of PCBs wastes.

Southern Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) Affects Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Interference with Cotton

Weed Science ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore M. Webster ◽  
Richard F. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cotton Plants ◽  
Southern Root Knot Nematode ◽  
The Relationship

Southern Root-Knot nematode and common cocklebur interfere with cotton growth and yield. A greater understanding of the interaction of these pests with cotton growth and yield is needed for effective integrated pest management (IPM). An additive design was used in outdoor microplots with five common cocklebur densities (0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 plants per plot) growing in competition with cotton, with and without the presence of southern Root-Knot nematode. Differences in cotton height could not be detected among common cocklebur densities or nematode presence at 3 wk after transplanting (WAT); however, differences in crop height were observed at 5 WAT between nematode treatments. In the absence of nematodes, the relationship between cotton yield loss and common cocklebur density was described by a rectangular hyperbolic regression model (P < 0.0001). Maximum yield loss from common cocklebur in the absence of nematodes exceeded 80%. In the presence of nematodes, there was a linear relationship between cotton yield loss and common cocklebur density (P = 0.0506). The presence of nematodes at each common cocklebur density increased cotton yield loss 15 to 35%. Common cocklebur plant biomass was 25% greater in nematode treatments, likely because of the reduced competitiveness of the cotton plants in these plots. This study demonstrates that multiple pests can interact to cause an additive reduction in crop yield.

scholarly journals THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF TRIMETHYLINDIUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alekseiy K. Baev
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Kinetic Parameters ◽  
Gaseous Products

The thermal decomposition of trimethylindium was studied. The kinetic parameters, composition of gaseous products and activation energy were established. The mechanism of proceeding reactions was proposed.

scholarly journals Fermentable sugars from Lupinus rotundiflorus biomass by concentrated hydrochloric acid hydrolysis

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-355
Author(s):  
J. Jesús Vargas Radillo ◽  
Mario A. Ruiz-López ◽  
Ramón Rodríguez Macías ◽  
Lucía Barrientos Ramírez ◽  
Pedro M. García-López ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Ample Supply ◽  
Wide Availability ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates ◽  
High Yields

It is of general interest to produce fermentable carbohydrates from plant biomass. However, obtaining monosaccharides requires some effort, due to the intricate structure of the cell wall lignocellulosic complex. The aim of this study was to apply a simple two-stage hydrolysis process, using only concentrated hydrochloric acid, to generate fermentable carbohydrates from L. rotundiflorus biomass. First and second stage acid concentrations were 32% and 42.6%. Total monosaccharide yields with respect to dry matter after the first stage, second stage, and the overall process, were 27.5%, 21.0% and 48.4%, respectively. Xylose was the main first stage carbohydrate in the hydrolysate, followed by glucose, arabinose, and galactose. After the second stage only glucose and a small amount of xylose were detected. The polysaccharide hydrolysis was eased by overall low lignin content. Some advantages of this method were the use of a single hydrolyzing agent and that most of the polysaccharides were hydrolyzed in reasonably high yields. The acceptable yield, relative simplicity, the use of most of the biomass along with the wide availability, low cost of the chemicals, and the ample supply of lupines, would facilitate the scaling of these laboratory studies to pilot and industrial levels.

scholarly journals Property of upgraded solid and liquid products from Baganuur lignite by thermal reaction with solvent

2018 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Ariunaa A ◽  
Otgonchuluun D ◽  
Purevsuren B ◽  
Davaajav Ya
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Liquid Product ◽  
Thermal Reaction ◽  
Low Rank ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Ftir Analysis ◽  
Constant Mass ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Organic Mass ◽  
Liquid Products

The coal of Baganuur deposit have been investigated to determine its technical characteristics, elemental and petrographical maceral compositions. On the basis of proximate, ultimate, petrographic and FTIR analysis, the obtained results have confirmed that the Baganuur coal is a low rank lignite B2 mark. The liquid tar, produced through thermolysis of Baganuur coal, was investigated by FTIR, 13C and 1H NMR spectrometric analysis. The results of thermolysis of Baganuur coal in tetralin has a constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1.8) at 450°C, which shows that 40.0% of liquid product can be obtained after thermal decomposition of the coal organic mass.

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