scholarly journals Morphometric evaluation of features of remodeling of chondrocites of joint surfaces of temporomandibular joint of experimental animals in hyperglycemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Hnatiuk ◽  
Lesia Rubas
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
White Male ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intercellular Substance ◽  
Temporal Fossa ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Joint Surfaces

Aim: to study morphometrically the peculiarities of remodeling of chondrocytes of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint in hyperglycemia.Materials and methods: Quantitative morphological methods were used to study diameters of chondrocytes and their nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic relationship in these cells, relative volume of damaged chondrocytes, intercellular-chondrocytic relationship in mature chondrocytes of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint of 45 laboratory mature white male rats with simulated diabetes.Results: A comprehensive analysis of the morphometric parameters presented in the article showed that they did not differ in the articular surfaces of the temporal fossa and mandibular head of the intact temporomandibular joint. The expressed structural changes of chondrocytes were revealed at a monthly and a two-month diabetic arthropathy of this joint.Conclusions: Proceeded studies and obtained results suggest that prolonged hyperglycemia leads to diabetic arthropathy of the TMJ, which is characterized by atrophy of chondrocytes, violation of nuclear-cytoplasmic relationships, an increase in the relative volume of damaged chondrocytes and volume of intercellular substance. The detected changes in quantitative morphological parameters depended on the duration of hyperglycemia and dominated in the cartilaginous tissue of the articular surface of the mandibular head.

scholarly journals MORPHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF SPERMATOGENIC EPITHELIOCYTES STRUCTURE UNDER THE RUBOMYCIN INFLUENCE IN RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
M. S. Hnatiuk ◽  
S. О. Konovalenko ◽  
L. V. Tatarchuk ◽  
О. B. Yasinovsky
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Morphometric Parameter ◽  
Testicular Damage ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spermatogenic Epithelium

Background. Over the last 20 years, the quality of men’s sperm around the world has deteriorated twice. The causes are poor environment, stress, sedentary lifestyle, prevalence of sexually transmitted infections, obesity, alcohol abuse and various stimulants. The structure and function of the testes, when exposed to various drugs and chemicals, attracts the attention of present researchers. Objectives. The aim of the research was to study the structural changes of the spermatogenic epithelium in testicular damage caused by rubomycin hydrochloride. Methods. The spermatogenic epithelium of the testes of 30 white adult white male rats, which were divided into 2 groups, was morphometrically examined. The 1st group comprised 15 experimental intact animals, the 2nd – 15 rats, in which testicular damage with rubomycin hydrochloride was simulated. Euthanasia of rats was performed by bloodletting under thiopental anesthesia one month after the experiment beginning. Quantitative morphological parameters were statistically processed. In spermatocytes of the 1st P-order, spermatogonia and spermatids of testes, their height, diameter of nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio and relative volumes of damaged cells of spermatogenic epithelium were evaluated. Results. It was established that spermatogenic epithelial cells were damaged in the simulated experimental conditions, which was morphometrically confirmed by changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic relations in the 1st, 2nd order spermatocytes, spermatogonia and spermatids. The relative volumes of damaged spermatogenic epithelial cells also increased significantly. The most significant morphometric parameters were altered in spermatids. Thus, the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio in the studied cells was statistically significantly (p <0.001) increased by 7.4% compared with the similar control morphometric parameter. The relative volume of damaged spermatids in these experimental conditions reached (32.50±0.18) %, which with a high statistically significant difference (p<0.001) exceeded the same control value in almost 15.8 times. Optically, histological preparations of the testes showed severe vascular disorders, characterized by dilation and plethora mostly of venous vessels, which pointed to violation of venous drainage of the studied organs. Conclusions. According to the attained research results it has been established that nuclear-cytoplasmic relations are an objective and valuable informative indicator of a functional condition of cells and their structural changes in pathological conditions. When rubomycin hydrochloride is exposed to experimental animals, the most significant changes in nuclear-cytoplasmic relations are found in spermatic spermatozoa.

scholarly journals THE PECULIARITIES LOCAL IMMUNE REACTIONS IN ILEUM AT POSTRESECTION PORTAL HYPERTENSION

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75
Author(s):  
L. V. Tatarchuk ◽  
M. S. Hnatyuk
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Cell Density ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Liver Parenchyma ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Immune Reactions

In the experiment, in laboratory white male rats, local immune reactions were investigated in the ileum in conditions of postresection portal hypertension, which was modeled by removing 58.1% of liver parenchyma. It has been established that postresection portal hypertension leads to pronounced changes in local immune reactions in the ileum, characterized by a 29.6% reduction in secretory IgA, a plasmoncytes with IgA on 1 mm² on the mucosa by 32.5%, an uneven, disproportional increase in the number of plasmatic cells with IgM. IgG, IgE, respectively, by 77.0%, 4.1 and 5.1 times. The cell density of the infiltrate in the mucosa of the investigated organ increased by 37.0%, and the number of mast cells by 35.8%. The results obtained indicate that postresection portal hypertension leads to weakening, tension and instability of the local immune homeostasis of the ileum mucosa and marked structural changes in the wall of the investigated organ.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF COMBINED INJECTION OF THYROXIN AND PROPYLTHIOURACILUM ON SCTRUCTURAL INDICATORS OF RENAL PARENCHYMA

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-67
Author(s):  
S. I. Dolomatov ◽  
V. G. Sipovski ◽  
N. Y. Novikov ◽  
I. N. Kasich ◽  
I. V. Myshko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Renal Parenchyma ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intragastric Administration ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

THE AIM: to study of the dynamics of structural changes in renal parenchyma of rats exposed to long-term combined effects of thyroxine and propylthiouracilum (PTU). MATHERIAL AND METHODS – studies were performed on mongrel white male rats weighing 250-300g. Hyperthyroidism was caused by daily intragastric administration of thyroxine (T4) in amount of 50g per 100g of body weight over 30 days. On the first day of the experiment animals were divided into 2 groups. Animals of the first group (n = 25) received only T4. The rats of the second group (n = 25) were administrated propylthiouracilum and T4 daily. PTU was administered intragastric in amount of 1 mg per 100g of body weight. Kidney tissue samples were collected on the 10th, 20th and 30th days of the experiment. In addition, there were collected kidney tissue samples of the animals treated with only T4 after 20 days after cessation of hormone. Obtained tissue samples were fixed and treated by the usual method, followed by filling in paraffin. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. RESULTS – it was established that course of experimental hyperthyroidism leads to significant structural abnormalities of the renal parenchyma. Leading features of kidneys pathology at a hyperthyroidism are rough structural damages of the nephron tubular epithelium. CONCLUSIONS – combined administration in rats of thyroxin and propylthiouracilum has weakly expressed beneficial effect by limiting the development of structural damages to the renal parenchyma and clot formation. 

scholarly journals Peculiarities of structural reorganization of the thyroid gland vessels in dynamics after experimental thermal trauma

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 610-615
Author(s):  
V.G. Korytskyi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Burn Injury ◽  
White Male ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Thermal Trauma ◽  
Vascular Bed ◽  
Ketamine Anesthesia

Thermal trauma and burn disease, which develops from deep, large lesions, are accompanied by significant morphological and functional changes not only in the skin, but also in organs of all systems of the body, including thyroid gland. The purpose of the study was to establish a microscopic reorganization of the animal thyroid gland in dynamics after an experimental thermal trauma. Burns of the third degree were applied under ketamine anesthesia with copper plates heated in boiled water to a temperature of 97–100 °С. The affected area corresponded 18–20% of the surface of the rat’s body. Experimental study of structural changes in the vascular bed of the thyroid gland after severe thermal trauma was carried out on laboratory white male rats weighing 160–180 g. Euthanasia of rats was performed after ketamine anesthesia, by decapitation. Structural changes in the thyroid gland were studied after 1, 7, 14 and 21 days from the beginning of the experiment. Histologic sections of 5–6 µm thickness were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. For the study of the connective tissue condition and its main substance, silver impregnation was performed by using the Gordon-Sweet's method (to detect reticular and immature collagen fibers), staining with 3-colored MSB — selective coloring method for intravascular coagulation syndrome. It has been established that in the early stages after the thermal trauma (1–7 days of the experiment, the stage of shock and early toxemia) there are adaptive-compensatory changes and initial signs of destruction of the vascular bed structural components of the organ. In late terms (14–21 days of the experiment, the stages of late toxemia and septicotoxemia) significant destructive-degenerative changes of the thyroid gland arteries, veins and blood vessels of the hemocirculatory bed were detected. Therefore, a severe burn injury causes deep histological modification of the thyroid gland vessels, the degree of intensity of which depends on the time interval of the experiment, which adversely affects on the functioning of the organ and transvascular metabolic processes. In further researches it is planned to study the course of morphological changes of thyroid gland vessels during thermal trauma with combined application of corrective methods.  

scholarly journals Changes in Morphometric Indicators of Blood Vessels of Masticatory Muscles in Simulation of Diabetic Angiopathy in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
M.S. Hnatiuk ◽  
L.V. Rubas ◽  
L.V. Tatarchuk ◽  
O.B. Yasinovskyi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Joint Damage ◽  
Masticatory Muscles ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Diabetic Angiopathy

Summary. Relevance. Diabetic joint damage is common in the clinic. The blood vessels of the masticatory muscles that affect the morphogenesis of diabetic arthropathy of the temporomandibular joint remain poorly studied in this pathology. Objective: to study the features of remodeling of blood vessels of the masticatory muscles of the temporomandibular joint in experimental hyperglycemia by quantitative morphological methods. Materials and Methods. The study material was 45 laboratory mature white male rats, which were divided into 3 groups. The 1st group consisted of 15 intact apparently healthy animals, the 2nd included 15 rats with one-month diabetic angiopathy, and the 3rd had 15 rats with two-month specified pathology. Diabetes mellitus was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin from Sigma at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Euthanasia of animals was performed by bloodletting under thiopental anesthesia one and two months after the start of the experiment. The blood glucose concentration was determined. Histological micropreparations were made from the temporomandibular joint and the temporal and external pterygoid muscles. Morphometric measurements of small caliber arteries (outer diameter 26-50 μm), veins and microvessels of the hemomicrocirculatory tract were performed on muscle micropreparations; relative volumes of damaged synoviocytes and chondrocytes were determined on micropreparations of joints. Quantitative indicators were processed statistically. Results and Conclusions. It was revealed that the gleam of arteries considerably decreases, their wall thickens, and endotheliocytes are damaged in the studied muscles with the modeled pathology. Venous vessels are dilated, full-blooded with a reduced wall thickness. The most pronounced changes in these experimental conditions are the structure of microvessels, which is characterized by narrowing of arterioles, precapillary arterioles and hemocapillaries, pronounced expansion of postcapillary venules and venules. Plethora, stasis, thrombosis, irregularity of the lumen, sacculation, and varicose expansions were noted in venous microvessels. Venous fullness led to hypoxia, disorders of trophism and metabolism, dystrophy, necrobiosis of muscle fibers and stromal structures, foci of infiltration and sclerosis. It was revealed that morphological changes in the vascular bed of the masticatory muscles affect the morphogenesis of diabetic arthropathy of the temporomandibular joint.

scholarly journals Structural changes of the disc of temporomandibular joint in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-88
Author(s):  
L. V. Rubas
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Collagen Fibers ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Dental Diseases

There is a significant prevalence of dental diseases in patients with diabetes. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders occupy one of the first places among them. However, there is no data on the diabetes effect on the disc of the TMJ. The aim of the study – to establish structural changes of TMJ disc in rats with hyperglycemia. Materials and Methods. Sixty white mature male rats were divided into 4 equal groups. Animals of first and second groups were simulated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Rats of third and fourth groups were used as controls at appropriate period to the experimental. Slaughtering of animals was carried out after 30 and 60 days from the start of the experiment, after which the TMJ complexes and adjacent soft tissues were collected. Biological material was prepared according to conventional methods. Histological sections were examined with the help of microscopes. Results and Discussion. The structure of the disc of TMJ of control rats did not change. Its’ significant remodeling was visualized in animals with diabetes. Thickening of the walls of arteries and widening of venous lumen and swelling of the collagen fibers were observed after 30 days of the experiment. Thickening of the fibers of collagen and predominance of histiocytes were visualized after 2 months of the diabetes. Lumen of arteries were narrowed and plethora was observed in the veins of the hemomicrocirculatory bed. Conclusions. Restructuring of the disk of TMJ of rats with diabetes are manifested by mucoid swelling of collagen fibers and morphological changes in the hemomicrocirculatory vascular bed that can lead to dystrophy of the disc.

scholarly journals Peculiarities remodeling the venous bed in the testis at postresection arterial hypertension in small blood circulation

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
M. S. Hnatjuk ◽  
S. O. Konovalenko ◽  
L. V. Tatarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Cor Pulmonale ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial

Morphological methods examined the venous bad testis of 45 laboratory white male rats, which were divided into 3 groups. The 1 group included 15 intact animals, 2 – 20 rats with pulmonary arterial hypertension and compensated cor pulmonale, 3 – 10 animals with pulmonary arterial hypertension and decompensated cor pulmonale. Hypertension in the small circulatory system and cor pulmonale was modeled by performing right-sided pulmonectomy in animals. It was found that the diameter of the capillary venules of the testis with compensated cor pulmonale was statistically (p<0.01) significantly increased by 4.5 %, and the diameter of venules - by 2.3 % (p<0.05), the external diameter of the venous vessels was statistically significant (p<0.05) increased by 3.1%, and internal – by 2.8 % (p<0.05). The height of endothelial cells of the venous vessels, the diameters of their nuclei in conditions of compensated cor pulmonale did not change significantly. The nuclear-cytoplasmic relations in endothelial cells were unchanged, which testified to the stability of cellular structural homeostasis. Studies and results show that the investigated morphometric parameters of venous vessels in decompensated cor pulmonale changed more pronounced. The diameter of the capillary venules in these experimental conditions increased by 19.1 % (p<0.001), the diameter of the venules – by 22.2 % (p<0.001), the outer diameter of the venous vessels increased by 18.5 % (p<0.001), and inner diameter by 22.3 % (p<0.001). The revealed remodeling of venous vessels resulted in thinning of their walls. At decompensation of the cor pulmonale, the height of the endothelial cells of the venous vessels of the testis decreased by 5.8 % (p<0.01), the diameters of the nuclei of these cells – by 2.8 % (p<0.01). Nuclear-cytoplasmic ratios changed by 6.4 % (p<0.001), indicating a marked disruption of structural cellular homeostasis. The relative volume of damaged endothelial cells of the venous testicular vessels in decompensated cor pulmonale increased in 17.5- times (p<0.001), which could lead to endothelial dysfunction and affect the degree of remodeling venous vessels of the testis. The data obtained indicate that postresection arterial hypertension in the small circle of circulation leads to pronounced structural changes in the venous bad in the testis, which significantly impairs the drainage of venous blood from the specified organ, worsens its trophic supply and plays an important role in its pathomorphogenesis. The most pronounced degree of remodeling of venous vessels was found in decompensated of the cor pulmonale.

scholarly journals STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF LONG TUBULAR BONES OF MATURE RATS UNDER THE HYPERGLYCEMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2052-2059
Author(s):  
Alina O. Ponyrko ◽  
Valentyna I. Bumeister ◽  
Serhii M. Dmytruk ◽  
Olha S. Yarmolenko ◽  
Tetiana P. Teslyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tubular Bones

The aim: To evaluate morphological changes in long tubular bones of mature rats under the influence of experimental hyperglycemia. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 140 nonlinear white male rats divided into two groups. The experimental group included rats that were introduced into a state of hyperglycemia by a single intraperitoneal injection of an alloxan dihydrate solution at a dose of 150 mg / kg body weight in 0.9% sodium chloride. The control group included rats that were injected with a similar volume of 0.9% sodium chloride one time intraperitoneally. The animals were taken out of the experiment on the 2nd, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, 150th and 180th day. Right and left femur and humerus were studied by morphometric and histological methods. Results: Under conditions of prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia in mature rats, there is a slowdown in the growth rate of length and thickness of femur and humerus. This is indicated by a significant decrease in the length of bone and its diaphyses, as well as by a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the diaphysis, the width of the proximal and distal epiphyses, starting from 120 and 90 days of the experiment, respectively. The relative area of trabecular tissue, thickness of trabeculae and epiphyseal cartilage decreases in comparison with animals of the control group. The diameter of osteons and their channels increases in cortical tissue. Changes in the microarchitecture of the trabecular and cortical compartments of femur and humerus under conditions of hyperglycemia are similar and are characterized by a reduced bone mass, bone disorder progression and remodeling disorders. Conclusions: Prolonged uncontrolled experimental hyperglycemia leads to slow growth of femur and humerus in mature rats, which is accompanied by an increase in microarchitecture disorder of the trabecular and cortical compartments, causing miniaturization of bones and, consequently, violation of their biomechanical properties and increased risk of fractures.

Fine Structural Changes in the Adenohypophyses of Rats Following Destruction of the Pituitary Stalk

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 496-497
Author(s):  
K. Kovacs ◽  
E. Horvath ◽  
J. M. Bilbao ◽  
F. A. Laszlo ◽  
I. Domokos
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Anterior Lobe ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Pituitary Stalk ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Electrolytic Lesions ◽  
Ultrathin Sections

Electrolytic lesions of the pituitary stalk in rats interrupt adenohypophysial blood flow and result in massive infarction of the anterior lobe. In order to obtain a deeper insight into the morphogenesis of tissue injury and to reveal the sequence of events, a fine structural investigation was undertaken on adenohypophyses of rats at various intervals following destruction of the pituitary stalk.The pituitary stalk was destroyed electrolytically, with a Horsley-Clarke apparatus on 27 male rats of the R-Amsterdam strain, weighing 180-200 g. Thirty minutes, 1,2,4,6 and 24 hours after surgery the animals were perfused with a glutaraldehyde-formalin solution. The skulls were then opened and the pituitary glands removed. The anterior lobes were fixed in glutaraldehyde-formalin solution, postfixed in osmium tetroxide and embedded in Durcupan. Ultrathin sections were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and investigated with a Philips 300 electron microscope.

THYMUS VARIABILITY IN WHITE RATS EXPOSED TO FORMALDEHYDE

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
V.N. Voloshin ◽  
I.S. Voloshina ◽  
I.Yu. Vash
Keyword(s):  
White Male ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Canonical Variables ◽  
Generalized Procrustes Analysis ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Formaldehyde Inhalation

The aim of the paper is to study thymus variability in white rats, which were exposed to formaldehyde, and to compare these data with the indicators in control animals. Materials and Methods. The trial enrolled 72 white male rats, initial body weight 40–50 g. The animals were divided into 2 groups (36 rats in each). The first group consisted of control rats. Animals of the second group were exposed to formaldehyde inhalation, 2.766 mg/m3. To characterize the variability of the organ size, centroids were determined. The superposition of landmark configurations was performed using the generalized Procrustes analysis method, MorphoJ 1.06d program. The principal component analysis and canonical analysis of the obtained data were carried out. Results. One-Way ANOVA revealed a high level of intergroup differences in Procrust distance (F=1.34; p<0.0001). The significant effect of the duration of formaldehyde exposure on centroid size was established. The Kruskal-Wallis criterion was 19.778 (p=0.0014). The analysis of the principal components indicated that each of the first 10 components stands for more than 1 % of Procrustes coordinate variance. In this case, the first 7 components compatibly explain 91.398 % of thymus variability. The proportion of the first main component to the total variance of the Procrustes coordinates is 40.236 %. PC1 (-) shows changes in the thymus shape, mostly affecting the tops of its lobes, the middle part of the right boundary and the entire left thymus boundary. The scattering ellipses of the thymus ordinates in rats exposed to formaldehyde, in the first two canonical variables are located higher than those in the control animals. Conclusion. Formaldehyde inhalation leads to thymus changes in white rat. The most significant differences with control data are determined along the second canonical variable. Keywords: thymus, form, rat, formaldehyde, geometric morphometry. Цель. Изучение изменчивости формы тимуса белых крыс, находившихся в условиях влияния формальдегида, и сравнение этих данных с показателями, полученными у контрольных животных. Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена на 72 белых крысах-самцах с начальной массой тела 40–50 г. Животные были разделены на 2 серии (по 36 крыс). Первую серию составляли контрольные крысы. Животные второй серии подвергались ингаляционному воздействию формальдегида (ФА) в концентрации 2,766 мг/м3. Для характеристики изменчивости размеров органов определяли размер их центроидов. Процедуру суперимпозиции конфигураций ландмарок выполняли методом генерализованного прокрустова анализа с использованием программы MorphoJ 1.06d. Проводили анализ главных компонент и канонический анализ полученных данных. Результаты. Однофакторный дисперсионный анализ выявил высокий уровень межгрупповых различий по показателю прокрустовых расстояний (F=1,34; р<0,0001). Установлено значительное влияние продолжительности нахождения животных в условиях воздействия ФА на размер центроида. Критерий Краскела–Уоллиса составил 19,778 (р=0,0014). Анализ главных компонент указывал на то, что каждая из первых 10 компонент объясняет более 1 % дисперсии прокрустовых координат. При этом первые 7 компонент совместно объясняют 91,398 % изменчивости формы тимуса. Вклад первой главной компоненты в общую дисперсию прокрустовых координат составляет 40,236 %. РС1 (–) показывает изменения формы тимуса, в большей степени затрагивающие верхушки его долей, среднюю часть правого контура и весь левый контур тимуса. Эллипсы рассеивания ординат тимусов, принадлежащих крысам, подвергавшимся влиянию ФА, в пространстве первых двух канонических переменных расположены выше по отношению к таковым контрольных животных. Заключение. Ингаляционное воздействие формальдегида приводит к изменению формы тимуса белых крыс. Наибольшие различия с контрольными данными определяются вдоль второй канонической переменной. Ключевые слова: тимус, форма, крыса, формальдегид, геометрическая морфометрия.

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