scholarly journals STRUCTURAL CHANGES OF LONG TUBULAR BONES OF MATURE RATS UNDER THE HYPERGLYCEMIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2052-2059
Author(s):  
Alina O. Ponyrko ◽  
Valentyna I. Bumeister ◽  
Serhii M. Dmytruk ◽  
Olha S. Yarmolenko ◽  
Tetiana P. Teslyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Left Femur ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tubular Bones

The aim: To evaluate morphological changes in long tubular bones of mature rats under the influence of experimental hyperglycemia. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on 140 nonlinear white male rats divided into two groups. The experimental group included rats that were introduced into a state of hyperglycemia by a single intraperitoneal injection of an alloxan dihydrate solution at a dose of 150 mg / kg body weight in 0.9% sodium chloride. The control group included rats that were injected with a similar volume of 0.9% sodium chloride one time intraperitoneally. The animals were taken out of the experiment on the 2nd, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, 150th and 180th day. Right and left femur and humerus were studied by morphometric and histological methods. Results: Under conditions of prolonged uncontrolled hyperglycemia in mature rats, there is a slowdown in the growth rate of length and thickness of femur and humerus. This is indicated by a significant decrease in the length of bone and its diaphyses, as well as by a decrease in the cross-sectional area of the diaphysis, the width of the proximal and distal epiphyses, starting from 120 and 90 days of the experiment, respectively. The relative area of trabecular tissue, thickness of trabeculae and epiphyseal cartilage decreases in comparison with animals of the control group. The diameter of osteons and their channels increases in cortical tissue. Changes in the microarchitecture of the trabecular and cortical compartments of femur and humerus under conditions of hyperglycemia are similar and are characterized by a reduced bone mass, bone disorder progression and remodeling disorders. Conclusions: Prolonged uncontrolled experimental hyperglycemia leads to slow growth of femur and humerus in mature rats, which is accompanied by an increase in microarchitecture disorder of the trabecular and cortical compartments, causing miniaturization of bones and, consequently, violation of their biomechanical properties and increased risk of fractures.

scholarly journals Enterosgel role in neurodegenerative changes in the retina rats under the influence of Cr (VI) - induced retinopathy by study morphological changes in dynamic

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Olena Kuzenko ◽  
Yevhen Kuzenko ◽  
Yuri Demin
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Typical Structure ◽  
Ganglion Neurons

Chromium galvanic production have leaded to biosphere pollution. Therefore advisable to study of role in the neurodegenerative development in retinal diseases under experimental conditions. The aim is to study the Enterosgel effect on morphological changes in rats retina with Cr(VI) – induced retinopathy. Materials and methods. An experimental study had carried out on 72 outbred white male rats. The rats had divided into 3 groups: I – control group of intact rats (n = 24). Control rats were received drinking water, II group – rats (n = 24), were received drinking water with Cr (VI) (K2Cr2O7) – 0.02 mol/L, III group – animals (n = 24) were received drinking water with K2Cr2O7– 0.02 mol/L and hydrogel methylsilicic acid (Enterosgel) at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg per day as a corrector. The animals had been decapitated under ether anesthesia. The retina had been studied on days 20, 40 and 60 of the experiment. Morphologically and morphometrically they had analyzed. Results. According to histological studies, it has proved that Cr (VI) causes dystrophic and degenerative changes in all rats retina layers. They increase as the duration of the experiment. The use of Enterosgel as a corrective therapy showed positive results in restoring the morphological structure of rats retina. After Enterosgel 20 days using as a corrector of Cr (VI) exposure, there is a barely noticeable swelling of the outer and inner nuclear layers. Other layers of the retina, morphologically, look undamaged. Forty days Enterosgel treatment have outer and inner nuclear layer edema of retina of animals persists but does not increase. It is easy noticeable swelling of the outer and inner layers of mesh, but no signs of damage processes of cell populations nuclear layers. State ganglionic layer and nerve fiber layer entirely satisfactory. These pathological changes are not critical. After 60 days from the beginning of loading of Cr (VI) and application of Enterosgel in the retina of rats there are initial degenerative changes in the photosensory layer. Cystic dilated outer segments of rods and cones were visible throughout, and areas of their fragmentation were observed. Ganglion neurons are not damaged, but their axons appear somewhat thickened and fluffy. But in general, the typical structure of the retina is preserved. Conclusions. Chromium-induced toxicity in rats is characterized by pronounced histological and morphometric changes and retinal thickness, which appear after 20 days, increase by 40 days and acquire maximum transformations after 60 days of the experiment. The use of Enterosgel improves picture morphological structures of the retina in rats under the influence of Cr (VI). The changes were expressed on days 20 and 40, which indicates the presence of protective properties for the retina

scholarly journals Morphological Changes in the Hepatic Tissue at the Impact of Industrial Copper-bearing Dust in the Experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (E) ◽  
pp. 653-656
Author(s):  
Khamida R. Abdikadirova ◽  
Kymbat Ye. Amreyeva ◽  
Saule B. Zhautikova ◽  
Olga A. Kostyleva ◽  
Fatima S. Abikenova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
White Male ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cu Content ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Dual Core

BACKGROUND: It is known that an increased intake of copper (Cu) has an adverse effect, and above all leads to the defeat of parenchymal organs, including liver tissue. AIM: This study the morphological changes in the hepatic tissue at the impact of polymetallic Cu dust. METHODS: An experimental study was carried out on the outbred white male rats. Dust was injected once intratracheally at a dose of 50 mg. For dynamic observation, the animals were killed in 1, 3, and 6 months with the control group using instant decapitation. The Balkhash industrial polymetallic dust with a predominant Cu content (Cu-0.6%) was used for the study. Morphological changes were assessed using histological and morphometric methods. RESULTS: Morphometric examination of liver tissue at 30 days showed Vv necrosis increasing in 320 times in Group 2 (p < 0.001), Vv infiltrates – in 121 times (p < 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 19.91 times (p < 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 23 times (p < 0.01), and Vv fibrosis – in 2.82 times (p < 0.001) in comparison with Group 1. Vv portal tracts are not reliably changed. In 90 days, there were also the following morphometric parameters increasing in comparison with the control group: Vv necrosis – in 522 times (p < 0.001), Vv infiltrates – in 395 times (p < 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 26.7 times (p < 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 314 times (p < 0.01), and Vv fibrosis – in 13.27 times (p < 0.001). On the 180 day of the experiment, there was the increasing of Vv infiltrates in 421 times (p < 0.001), Vv dystrophic altered hepatocytes – in 34.09 times (p < 0.001), Vv dual-core cells – in 411 times (p < 0.001), and Vv fibrosis – in 54.09 times (p < 0.001) CONCLUSION: The impact of polymetallic dust with 0.6% Cu concentration at the early stages leads to the changes in the liver in the form of reactive hepatitis with the following transformation into portal-type hepatitis.

Choroidal structural changes in different intermediate AMD patterns

2021 ◽  
pp. 112067212199200
Author(s):  
Pasquale Viggiano ◽  
Lisa Toto ◽  
Giada Ferro ◽  
Federica Evangelista ◽  
Annamaria Porreca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Thickness ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enhanced Depth Imaging ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Imagej Software ◽  
Healthy Eyes

Purpose: To report variation of choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) in subjects with drusen and subjects with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) compared with healthy individuals using the Spectral-domain (SD)-Optical Coherence Tomography with enhanced depth imaging (EDI) system. Design: A prospective, observational, cross-sectional study. Subjects: Eighty-four participants. Methods: The patients were imaged using the Heidelberg Spectralis device (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) with EDI mode. EDI-OCT images were exported and then imported into image analysis ImageJ software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda) and a semiautomated algorithm was used for subsequent quantitative analysis. Main outcome measures: This study evaluated two choroidal parameters: (i) choroidal thickness (CT); (ii) choroidal vascularity index (CVI). Results: CT analysis was performed in three different regions: (i) foveal region, (ii) parafoveal region; (iii) perifoveal region. All the analyzed regions were significantly decreased in RPD pattern, as compared with both the drusen group ( p < .005) and healthy eyes ( p < .005). CVI was significantly decreased in the RPD pattern, as compared with healthy eyes ( p < 0.001). However, the drusenoid pattern did not have statistical significance in comparison with the control group suggesting the lower incidence of this pattern on choroidal vasculopathy. Conclusions: We report CT and CVI difference in RPD and drusen eyes. The RPD pattern seems to be a consequence of an alteration in the choroidal vascularity resulting in severe ischemia and excessive hypoxia inducing an increased risk of late AMD compared to the drusenoid pattern.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SOME SALTS 2-AMINOETHANESULFONIC ACID IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DEGENERATIVE SPINAL CORD INJURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Semeleva E.V. ◽  
Blinova E.V. ◽  
Zaborovsky A.V. ◽  
Vasilkina O.V. ◽  
Shukurov A.S.
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Zinc Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acid Compound ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

In this work, we studied the pharmacological activity of zinc and magnesium salts of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid in white non-linear male rats with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which was modeled by neurotoxicantsimplication into the pelvic part of spinal cord. After the reproduction of the pathology in animals, the indices of motor activity were recorded in the Rotarod test, and morphological studies of spinal cord sections stained according to Nisl in the Belshovsky modification were carried out. It was shown that the magnesium salt of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (compound LHT-317) to a greater extent reduces the development of motor disorders in experimental animals compared with the control group on the 4th day of observation. The course of intravenous administration of the studied compounds of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid did not inhibit morphological changes in the spinal cord that develop in degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the central nervous system: connections. Moreover, if, against the background of treatment with zinc salt, the total area of motor zones in animals of the experimental group exceeded that of control rats, then the number of motoneurons did not differ from the control.

EVALUATION OF LEFT VENTRICULAR MASS IN THE PREHYPERTENSIVES BY ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY

2011 ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
Thi Thuy Hang Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Left Ventricular Mass ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concentric Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Lv Mass ◽  
Left Ventricular Morphology

Objective: Prehypertensive individuals are at increased risk for developing hypertension and their complication. Many studies show that 2/3 prehypertensive individuals develop hypertension after 4 years. ECG and echocardiography are the routine tests used to assess LV mass. The objective of the research to determine the percentage of change in left ventricular morphology in the ECG, echocardiography, which explore the characteristics of left ventricular structural changes by echocardiography in pre-hypertensive subjects. Materials and method: We studied a total of 50 prehypertensive, 30 males (60%) and 20 females (40%), mean age 48.20±8.47years. 50 normotensive volunteers as control participants. These subjects were examined for ECG and echocardiography. Results: In prehypertensive group, with 18% of left ventricular hypertrophy on electrocardiogram, 12% of left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiography; in the control group, we did not find any subjects with left ventricular hypertrophy. In the group with left ventricular hypertrophy, mostly eccentric left ventricular hypertrophy (83.33%), concentric left ventricular hypertrophy is 16.67%. Restructuring of left ventricular concentric for 15.9% of subjects without left ventricular hypertrophy on echocardiography. Conclusion: There have been changed in left ventricular morphology even in prehypertensive

scholarly journals Validation of the SavvyCheckTM Vaginal Yeast Test for Screening Pregnant Women for Vulvovaginal Candidosis: A Prospective, Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 233
Author(s):  
Philipp Foessleitner ◽  
Herbert Kiss ◽  
Julia Deinsberger ◽  
Julia Ott ◽  
Lorenz Zierhut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Point Of Care Test ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Vulvovaginal Candidosis

Pregnant women have an increased risk of vulvovaginal candidosis. Recurrent candidosis is under debate as a contributor to preterm birth, and vertical transmission may cause diaper dermatitis and oral thrush in the newborn. Apart from cultural methods, the gold standard for diagnosing candidosis is Gram staining, which is time-consuming and requires laboratory facilities. The objective of this prospective study was to validate a point-of-care vaginal yeast detection assay (SavvyCheckÔ Vaginal Yeast Test) and to evaluate it in asymptomatic pregnant women. We enrolled 200 participants, 100 of whom had vulvovaginal candidosis according to Gram stain (study group) and 100 were healthy pregnant controls (control group). Of these, 22 participants (11%) had invalid test results. The point-of-care test of the remaining 85 and 93 study participants in the study and control groups, respectively, showed a sensitivity of 94.1%, specificity of 98.9%, positive predictive value of 90.3%, and negative predictive value of 99.4% when compared with Gram stain. In conclusion, we found a high correlation between the SavvyCheckÔ Vaginal Yeast Test and Gram-stained smears during pregnancy. This suggests a potential role of this point-of-care test as a screening tool for asymptomatic pregnant women in early gestation.

scholarly journals TSH Levels as an Independent Risk Factor for NAFLD and Liver Fibrosis in the General Population

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2907
Author(s):  
Alba Martínez-Escudé ◽  
Guillem Pera ◽  
Anna Costa-Garrido ◽  
Lluís Rodríguez ◽  
Ingrid Arteaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Transient Elastography ◽  
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Tsh Levels

Thyroid hormones may be a risk factor for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progression to liver fibrosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, NAFLD, and liver fibrosis in the general population. A descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in subjects aged 18–75 years randomly selected from primary care centers between 2012 and 2016. Each subject underwent clinical evaluation, physical examination, blood tests and transient elastography. Descriptive and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with NAFLD and fibrosis. We included 2452 subjects (54 ± 12 years; 61% female). Subjects with TSH ≥ 2.5 μIU/mL were significantly associated with obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome (MetS), hypertransaminasemia and altered cholesterol and triglycerides. The prevalence of NAFLD and liver fibrosis was significantly higher in subjects with TSH ≥ 2.5 (μIU/mL). We found a 1.5 times increased risk of NAFLD, 1.8 and 2.3 times increased risk of liver fibrosis for cut-off points of ≥ 8.0 kPa and ≥ 9.2 kPa, respectively, in subjects with TSH ≥ 2.5 μIU/mL compared with TSH < 2.5 μIU/mL (control group), independent of the presence of MetS. These findings remained significant when stratifying TSH, with values ≥ 10 μIU/mL.

scholarly journals Morphometric evaluation of features of remodeling of chondrocites of joint surfaces of temporomandibular joint of experimental animals in hyperglycemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
Mykhailo Hnatiuk ◽  
Lesia Rubas
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Joint ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
White Male ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intercellular Substance ◽  
Temporal Fossa ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Joint Surfaces

Aim: to study morphometrically the peculiarities of remodeling of chondrocytes of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint in hyperglycemia.Materials and methods: Quantitative morphological methods were used to study diameters of chondrocytes and their nuclei, nuclear-cytoplasmic relationship in these cells, relative volume of damaged chondrocytes, intercellular-chondrocytic relationship in mature chondrocytes of the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint of 45 laboratory mature white male rats with simulated diabetes.Results: A comprehensive analysis of the morphometric parameters presented in the article showed that they did not differ in the articular surfaces of the temporal fossa and mandibular head of the intact temporomandibular joint. The expressed structural changes of chondrocytes were revealed at a monthly and a two-month diabetic arthropathy of this joint.Conclusions: Proceeded studies and obtained results suggest that prolonged hyperglycemia leads to diabetic arthropathy of the TMJ, which is characterized by atrophy of chondrocytes, violation of nuclear-cytoplasmic relationships, an increase in the relative volume of damaged chondrocytes and volume of intercellular substance. The detected changes in quantitative morphological parameters depended on the duration of hyperglycemia and dominated in the cartilaginous tissue of the articular surface of the mandibular head.

New approach for reproductive toxicity assessment: chromatoid bodies as a target for methylmercury and polychlorinated biphenyls in prepubertal male rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 914
Author(s):  
M. S. Garcia ◽  
W. A. Orcini ◽  
R. L. Peruquetti ◽  
J. E. Perobelli
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Long Term Effects

This study investigated the reproductive toxicity of methylmercury (MeHg) and Aroclor (Sigma-Aldrich), alone or in combination, following exposure of prepubertal male rats considering the chromatoid body (CB) as a potential target. The CB is an important molecular regulator of mammalian spermatogenesis, primarily during spermatid cytodifferentiation. Male Wistar rats were exposed to MeHg and/or Aroclor , according the following experimental design: control group, which was administered in corn oil (vehicle) only; MeHg-treated group, which was administered 0.5mg kg−1 day−1 MeHg; Aroclor-treated group, which was administered 1mg kg−1 day−1 Aroclor; Mix-LD, group which was administered a low-dose mixture of MeHg (0.05mg kg−1 day−1) and Aroclor (0.1mg kg−1 day−1); and Mix-HD group, which was administered a high-dose mixture of MeHg (0.5mg kg−1 day−1) and Aroclor (1.0mg kg−1 day−1). MeHg was diluted in distilled water and Aroclor was made up in corn oil (volume 1mL kg−1). Rats were administered the different treatments from PND23 to PND53 by gavage, . The morphophysiology of CBs was analysed, together with aspects of steroid hormones status and regulation, just after the last treatment on PND53. In addition, the long-term effects on sperm parameters were assessed in adult animals. MeHg exposure increased mouse VASA homologue (MVH) protein levels in seminiferous tubules, possibly affecting the epigenetic status of germ cells. Aroclor produced morphological changes to CB assembly, which may explain the observed morphological defects to the sperm flagellum and the consequent decrease in sperm motility. There were no clear additive or synergistic effects between MeHg and Aroclor when administered in combination. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that MeHg and Aroclor have independent deleterious effects on the developing testis, causing molecular and morphological changes in CBs. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that CBs are targets for toxic agents.

scholarly journals DNA damage and brain trauma: a clue to pathophysiology and biomarker development

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (s2) ◽  
pp. S60
Author(s):  
LN Hazrati
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
List Type ◽  
Dna Breaks ◽  
Contact Sports ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion is a very common occurrence in contact sports, and can cause brain damage with long-term symptoms, including depression, aggression, memory loss, and an increased risk of neurodegeneration later in life. Recently, there has been increased attention towards concussion in sport both in research and media, however the nature and pathophysiology of mTBI-induced neurodegeneration remain unknown. The objective of this study is to identify early pathophysiological markers of TBI. This study used a collection of donated postmortem brains with a history of repetitive mTBI in contact sports and non-TBI control brains. Nanostring ncounter’s immune panel was used to evaluate gene expression, and results showed that brains with a history of TBI tended to group with significantly older brains with no history of TBI in regards to their immune profile. Further analysis of this expression panel revealed that genes associated with senescence and secretory phenotype were upregulated in brains with a history of mTBI. Additionally, immunohistochemistry for γ-H2AX (a marker for double stranded DNA breaks) showed that brains with a history of repetitive TBI accumulated a spectrum of DNA damages not present in controls. This damage was widespread and involved mainly glial cells including oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. The latter showed morphological changes reminiscent of senescence, including soma swelling and beading of processes. Further, these changes were accompanied by translocation of structural nuclear proteins. These changes preceded the appearance of abnormal protein deposition in the brain. Overall, these results suggest that DNA damage and cellular senescence are upstream events in the manifestation of post-mTBI symptoms and pathology, and represent promising opportunities for discovery of biomarkers for early TBI detection and follow-up of progression.LEARNING OBJECTIVESThe presentation will enable the learner to:1.Explore the relationship between trauma and DNA structural changes2.Explore the relationship between trauma and senescence

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document