A Study on The Evaluation Criteria of Carbon Emission and the Development of the Evaluation Method in Apartment House

Recognizing and evaluating the development level of a country’s precise finishing industry, is the prerequisite to the country’s decision-making on the development planning and guiding policies in this industry. This paper presents a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) Model on the base of “Expert Knowledge”. This model combines the advantages of Fuzzy Evaluation Method and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and can give relatively reliable evaluation results with incomplete information of the evaluation criteria. The application of the FAHP Model provide reliable comprehensive evaluation data.

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Evaluation Method of Relative Humidity Changes in Below-Grade Concrete Structure Space Depending on Different Waterproofing Material and Installation Method

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13030742 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 742

Author(s):

Ki-won An ◽

Kyu-hwan Oh ◽

Bo Jiang ◽

Xingyang He ◽

Sang-keun Oh

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Linear Regression ◽

Concrete Structure ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Cumulative Probability ◽

Control Performance ◽

Negative Side ◽

Positive Side

An evaluation method for assessing the difference in the relative humidity (RH) control performance of waterproofing material is proposed. For a demonstration of this evaluation method, two waterproofing materials (urethane coating and cementitious waterproofing material) installed with different methods (positive and negative side of concrete structure respectively) are exposed to temperature conditions representing three seasonal conditions: Summer (40 °C), spring/autumn (20 °C) and winter (4 °C). Condensation level changes on the inner side of the waterproofing material installed specimen is measured, and for derive criteria for comparison, three parameters based on the average RH, intercept RH (derived from a linear regression analysis of RH measurement), and maximum relative humidity are derived for each different waterproofing material installed specimen. Based on quality specification for underground concrete structures, the demonstration evaluation establishes provisional standard criteria of below 70% RH, and all three parameters are evaluated to determine whether the tested waterproofing material/method complies to the performance requirement. Additional analysis through linear regression and cumulative probability density graphs are derived to evaluate the RH consistency and range parameters. The evaluation regime demonstrates a quantitative RH analysis method and apparatus, and a newly designed evaluation criteria is used to compare the RH control performance of positive-side installed urethane waterproofing materials and negative-side installed cementitious waterproofing material.

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Variation of Mechanical Characteristics of Polyurethane Foam: Effect of Test Method

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12172672 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 2672 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ki-Beom Park ◽

Hee-Tae Kim ◽

Nam-Yong Her ◽

Jae-Myung Lee

Keyword(s):

Polyurethane Foam ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Cell Structure ◽

Extreme Environments ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Test Method ◽

Material Behavior ◽

Insulation Material ◽

Binding Effect

Polyurethane foam (PUF), a representative insulation material, not only prevents heat conduction but can also support a load. Particular interest in rigid PUF proliferated over the past several years in fields where extreme environments are applied. A closed-cell structure which forms the interior of rigid PUF serves to maximize the utilization of these polymeric foams. Rigid PUF is more sensitive to external conditions such as temperature or restraint than other structural materials such as steel. Depending on the market trends in which utilization of a cryogenic environment is expanding, the tendency of material behavior resulting from the binding effect also needs to be investigated. However, most conventional compression test method standards applicable to rigid PUF do not adequately reflect the restraints. Therefore, this study proposes a method for evaluating the mechanical performance of materials in a more reliable manner than that of conventional tests. Experimental observation and analysis validated this compression evaluation method in which constraints are considered. Consequently, the compressive strength of rigid PUF compared to the results of the conventional test showed a difference of up to 0.47 MPa (approximately 23%) at cryogenic temperatures. This result suggests that there are important factors to consider when assessing performance from a material perspective in an environment where rigid PUF insulation is utilized. It is believed that the test methods newly proposed in this study will provide an experimental framework that can be applied to the evaluation criteria of material properties and reflected in structural design.

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A Cross-Efficiency Evaluation Method Based on Evaluation Criteria Balanced on Interval Weights

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym11121503 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1503 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hailiu Shi ◽

Yingming Wang ◽

Xiaoming Zhang

Keyword(s):

Evaluation Method ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Evaluation Criterion ◽

Peer Evaluation ◽

Data Envelopment ◽

Efficiency Evaluation ◽

Common Set Of Weights ◽

The Cross ◽

The Difference ◽

Evaluation Approaches

Cross-efficiency evaluation approaches and common set of weights (CSW) approaches have long been suggested as two of the more important and effective methods for the ranking of decision making units (DMUs) in data envelopment analysis (DEA). The former emphasizes the flexibility of evaluation and its weights are asymmetric, while the latter focuses on the standardization of evaluation and its weights are symmetrical. As a compromise between these two approaches, this paper proposes a cross-efficiency evaluation method that is based on two types of flexible evaluation criteria balanced on interval weights. The evaluation criteria can be regarded as macro policy—or means of regulation—according to the industry’s current situation. Unlike current cross-efficiency evaluation methods, which tend to choose the set of weights for peer evaluation based on certain preferences, the cross-efficiency evaluation method based on evaluation criterion determines one set of input and output weights for each DMU. This is done by minimizing the difference between the weights of the DMU and the evaluation criteria, thus ensuring that the cross-evaluation of all DMUs for evaluating peers is as consistent as possible. This method also eliminates prejudice and arbitrariness from peer evaluations. As a result, the proposed cross-efficiency evaluation method not only looks for non-zero weights, but also ranks efficient DMUs completely. The proposed DEA model can be further extended to seek a common set of weights for all DMUs. Numerical examples are provided to illustrate the applications of the cross-efficiency evaluation method based on evaluation criterion in DEA ranking.

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A Fuzzy Approach to Assess the Contractor’s Competitiveness

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.3946 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 71-78 ◽

pp. 3946-3949 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Na Dong ◽

Jing Zhang ◽

Min Jiu Yu

Keyword(s):

Influencing Factors ◽

Quantitative Evaluation ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Qualitative Evaluation ◽

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Fuzzy Approach ◽

Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation Method

A competitive contractor is the guarantee of project’s success, so how to choose a suitable contractor is critical for the owners. However, among the influencing factors considered in the selection, some can be quantitatively evaluated with clear evaluation criteria while others can only be qualitative evaluated so that no specific scores can be obtained. For the above reasons an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method is proposed in which all assessment factors are divided into two categories and are evaluated with different criteria. The method integrates the advantage of quantitative evaluation and qualitative evaluation. Finally it is verified by a case and the result shows that the application of the improved fuzzy approach to choose contractor is effective and reasonable.

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Similarities and differences between virtual and actual pants

International Journal of Clothing Science and Technology ◽

10.1108/ijcst-03-2020-0038 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Siti Zulaikha Binti Zulkifli ◽

KyoungOk Kim ◽

Masayuki Takatera

Keyword(s):

Sensory Evaluation ◽

Quantitative Evaluation ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Subjective Evaluation ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Principal Component ◽

Content Type ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

The Relationship

PurposeThis study aimed to clarify the criteria for subjective evaluation of the similarities and differences between virtual and actual pants and propose a quantitative evaluation method for those similarities and differences based on geometric features related to the evaluation.Design/methodology/approachUsing patterns, we made five pairs of actual pants for a dummy in five fabrics. We simulated virtual pants with a 3-D simulator. Sensory evaluation was conducted with images of the virtual and actual pants: 20 participants compared the images based on a questionnaire. For the structure of evaluation, the authors undertook analysis of variance and principal component analysis. The actual and virtual pants were geometrically compared using the 3-D scanned data. To investigate the relationship between quantitative and sensory evaluation, the authors calculated the correlation coefficients.FindingsThe authors found that subjects perceived the differences between actual and simulated pants. When comparing the virtual and actual pants, the criteria for the differences were the silhouette from the front view, hem width, waist and wrinkles. Using differences in the hem width, it would be possible to evaluate the differences between actual and simulated pants. Roughness and smoothness of the silhouette also affected evaluation.Originality/valueThe authors clarified the evaluation criteria for the similarities and differences between virtual and actual pants. The authors proposed a quantitative evaluation method for the similarities and differences between virtual and actual garment based on our criteria. This study will be of benefit to 3-D simulator users and developers.

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Construction project proposal evaluation under uncertainty: A fuzzy-based approach

Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering ◽

10.1139/cjce-2018-0795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 291-300

Author(s):

Pushpinder Singh ◽

Rajeev Ruparathna

Keyword(s):

Evaluation Method ◽

Fuzzy Numbers ◽

Construction Project ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Scientific Basis ◽

Evaluation Framework ◽

Data Uncertainty ◽

Project Proposal ◽

Evaluation Matrix

Construction project proposal evaluations received much attention during the recent years due to increased awareness of sustainability, value for money, and transparency. The bid evaluation matrix is the commonly used method in the construction industry for project proposal evaluation. The subjective judgments used for evaluation criteria are associated with significant uncertainty. Moreover, the transformation of qualitative evaluations raises significant data uncertainty. Attempts have been made by previous researchers to incorporate uncertainties associated with project bid evaluations, but the ability of those methods to account for “true uncertainty” is questionable. The objective of this paper is to develop a fuzzy logic-based evaluation framework for project proposal evaluation. This use of type-2 fuzzy numbers sets the proposed approach apart from the current body of knowledge. An algorithm using type-2 fuzzy numbers was developed to define input uncertainty and parameter weights. The developed method was demonstrated using a building construction project case study. The proposed approach enables quantifying qualitative evaluations more comprehensively from a scientific basis, forming a generic proposal evaluation method applicable to various industry sectors.

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Study on the Applicability of Dynamic Stability Evaluation Criteria by Comparison of Trackside Measurement Results of Different Track Structures

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10228245 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (22) ◽

pp. 8245

Author(s):

Kyuhwan Oh ◽

Jaeik Lee ◽

Junhyeok Choi ◽

Yonggul Park

Keyword(s):

Dynamic Stability ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Railway Track ◽

Stability Evaluation ◽

Design Specification ◽

Wheel Load ◽

Field Instrumentation ◽

Load Fluctuation ◽

Concrete Type

Countries such as Korea adopt design codes, evaluation criteria and specifications from standards originating abroad; this leads to a lack of distinction of the separate applications of dynamic stability evaluation parameters between various track structures of different track moduli. This paper discusses the applicability of the dynamic stability evaluation method of railway track structures by assessing 10 different types of railway track sections of a newly constructed railway operation line (5 ballasted and 5 concrete type track structures) by field instrumentation testing. Parameters of track support stiffness (TSS), wheel load fluctuation, derailment coefficient, and rail displacement are measured. The respective results are first compared to the standard criteria (design specification) and comparisons between the different track types are presented as ratios. Findings show that while all of the tracks satisfy the design specification requirements, each track type measurement result varies by a noticeable degree, particularly when comparing between concrete and ballast type track structures. Results of the study demonstrate that using the same dynamic stability evaluation criteria can lead to an incorrect assessment of the track performance evaluation of track structure, and a separate evaluation parameter for ballasted and concrete track structures is required.

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Combining AHP and TOPSIS Methods to Evaluate Investment for Wind Farm Construction

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.280 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 860-863 ◽

pp. 280-286 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiang Feng Zhang

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Wind Farm ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Wind Farms ◽

Investment Strategy ◽

Analytic Hierarchy ◽

Multi Criteria Evaluation ◽

Order Preference ◽

Rational Investment

Wind is one of the most promising sources of alternative energy. The construction of wind farms grows quickly in China. It is necessary for stakeholders to estimate investment costs and make good decisions on a wind power project by making a budget for the investment. However, the identification of rational investment practices is technically challenging because of the lack of scientific tools to evaluate optimal decisions. A multi-criteria evaluation method was proposed to select rational investment strategy for wind farm construction. The method is based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) together with a technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). A decision problem hierarchy with three layers were investigated. The top layer is an objective layer for evaluating the investment rationality. The intermediate layer includes three evaluation criteria, that is, configuration of wind turbine generator systems, physical environment and social environment. Some relative and important indicators for each criterion are in the low layer. The evaluation results illustrate that the proposed method is practical and helpful to indentify the investment rationality for wind farms.

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Route Search and Evaluation Method Including Charging Plan for Electric Vehicles

International Journal of Automation Technology ◽

10.20965/ijat.2014.p0698 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 698-704 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takuya Taguchi ◽

◽

Kei Matsumoto ◽

Keita Imamura ◽

Koichiro Goto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electric Vehicles ◽

Evaluation Method ◽

Evaluation Criteria ◽

Navigation Systems ◽

Charging Time ◽

Long Time ◽

Residual Capacity ◽

Future Work ◽

Route Search

Electric vehicles (EVs) have numerous inherent challenges, including running out of power frequently and taking a long time to charge. To make matters worse, current automotive navigation systems cannot provide proper route searches that include charging plans. One way to tackle these challenging problems is to propose several route plans and select one which meets the driver’s needs. In this paper, the following three evaluation criteria are proposed: shortening travel time by predicting charging queues, maintaining high residual capacity of the battery, and utilizing charging time. The proposed method is applied to Okinawa, Japan as a case study. The simulation results using this evaluation method in Okinawa demonstrate its potential utility and open the way for future work on relieving the stress of EV drivers.

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