scholarly journals A critical review on the development and performance of polymer/graphene nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1059-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Chen ◽  
Hu Weimin ◽  
Dejiang Li ◽  
Shaona Chen ◽  
Zhongxu Dai
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Electronic Conductivity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Solution Blending ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
New Type ◽  
And Performance

AbstractGraphene (graphene) is a new type of two-dimensional inorganic nanomaterial developed in recent years. It can be used as an ideal inorganic nanofiller for the preparation of polymer nanocomposites because of its high mechanical strength, excellent electrical conductivity and plentiful availability (from graphite). In this review, the preparation methods of graphene/polymer nanocomposites, including solution blending, melt blending and in situ polymerization, are introduced in order to study the relationship between these methods and the final characteristics and properties. Each method has an influence on the final characteristics and properties of the nanocomposites. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. In addition, a variety of nanocomposites with different properties, such as mechanical properties, electronic conductivity, thermal conductivity and thermal properties, are summarized comprehensively. The potential applications of these nanocomposites in conductive materials, electromagnetic shielding materials, photocatalytic materials and so on, are briefly presented. This review demonstrates that polymer/graphene nanocomposites exhibit superior comprehensive performance and will be applied in the fields of new materials and novel devices. Future research directions of the nanocomposites are also presented.

scholarly journals Current overview of carbon fiber: Toward green sustainable raw materials

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 7234-7259
Author(s):  
Yongjian Xu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Shenglin Chen ◽  
Yonghao Ni
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Solution Spinning ◽  
And Performance

Lignin, as a potential precursor of carbon fiber, has the characteristics of abundant reserves, renewable and high carbon content, and its application in the preparation of carbon fibers has substantial cost advantages if some important processing and quality hurdles can be overcome. This paper reviews the preparation process of lignin-based carbon fibers, and moreover, describes the characteristics of carbon fiber prepared by different precursors compared with the presently used precursors. Three preparation methods for lignin-based carbon fibers are introduced: melt spinning, solution spinning, and electrospinning. The applicability, advantages, and disadvantages of the three preparation methods are analyzed from the aspects of process conditions and performance characteristics. Possible directions for future research are considered, with the goal of providing a reference for further study of lignin-based carbon fibers.

The Preparation Approaches of Polymer/graphene Nanocomposites and their Appilcation Research Progress as Electrochemical Sensors

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Chen ◽  
Shaona Chen ◽  
Weimin Hu ◽  
Dejiang Li ◽  
Zhongxu Dai
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Honeycomb Lattice ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Solution Blending

Graphene, a two-dimensional sheet of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms packed into a honeycomb lattice, can be combined with various polymers through different methods and techniques. Polymer/graphene nanocomposites are expected to not only preserve the fa-vorable properties of graphene and polymers, but also greatly enhance the intrinsic properties due to the synergetic effect between them. In this review, the preparation approaches of graphene/polymer nanocomposites, including melt blending, solution blending, in-situ polymeri-zation and in-situ synthesis, were presented comprehensively in order to study the relationship between these approaches and the final characteristics and performances. Each approach had different influences on the final properties of the nanocomposites. The advantages and disadvantages of the preparation methods were discussed respectively. Additionally, the application researches of the polymer/graphene nanocomposites as electrochemical sensors, were introduced in detail. With regard to some important or novel sensors, the mechanisms were proposed for reference. Finally, conclusions were given and the issues waiting to be settled for further development were pointed out. The current review demonstrates that polymer/graphene nanocomposites exhibit superior electrochemical performances and will be applied practically in the field of sensor devices.

scholarly journals Mechanoresponsive scatterers for high-contrast optical modulation

Nanophotonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Donghwi Cho ◽  
Haomin Chen ◽  
Jonghwa Shin ◽  
Seokwoo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
External Stimuli

Abstract Smart chromatic materials with optical transmittances that can be modified by light scattering upon external stimuli are attracting extensive interest because of their appealing applications in smart windows, privacy protection, electronic displays, etc. However, the development of these scatterers, which are mostly activated by electric fields, is hindered by their intrinsic energy consumption, slow responses, and poor stability. Recently, mechanoresponsive scatterers based on a strain-driven reconfiguration of the surface or internal structure have emerged, featuring fast responses and a simple composition/fabrication. Because there is no energy consumption to maintain the transparency/opacity, this novel scheme for scatterers holds great promise to break the existing bottleneck. This article presents recent advances in the development of mechanoresponsive scatterers and compares different structural design strategies. The scatterers are categorized into 2D, 3D, and other types according to the dimensions of their functioning structures. The fabrication methods, mechanisms, and relationships between the structural parameters and optical modulating performances are discussed for each category. Next, the potential applications of these scatterers are outlined. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the mainstream 2D and 3D categories are summarized, followed by a perspective on future research directions.

scholarly journals Convolutional-Neural Network-Based Image Crowd Counting: Review, Categorization, Analysis, and Performance Evaluation

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naveed Ilyas ◽  
Ahsan Shahzad ◽  
Kiseon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crowd Counting ◽  
Crowd Management ◽  
Adaptive Monitoring ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
And Performance

Traditional handcrafted crowd-counting techniques in an image are currently transformed via machine-learning and artificial-intelligence techniques into intelligent crowd-counting techniques. This paradigm shift offers many advanced features in terms of adaptive monitoring and the control of dynamic crowd gatherings. Adaptive monitoring, identification/recognition, and the management of diverse crowd gatherings can improve many crowd-management-related tasks in terms of efficiency, capacity, reliability, and safety. Despite many challenges, such as occlusion, clutter, and irregular object distribution and nonuniform object scale, convolutional neural networks are a promising technology for intelligent image crowd counting and analysis. In this article, we review, categorize, analyze (limitations and distinctive features), and provide a detailed performance evaluation of the latest convolutional-neural-network-based crowd-counting techniques. We also highlight the potential applications of convolutional-neural-network-based crowd-counting techniques. Finally, we conclude this article by presenting our key observations, providing strong foundation for future research directions while designing convolutional-neural-network-based crowd-counting techniques. Further, the article discusses new advancements toward understanding crowd counting in smart cities using the Internet of Things (IoT).

scholarly journals The Study of Cryosurgical Micro-instrument on Biomedicine

2021 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Tao Song ◽  
Baolin Liu ◽  
Linhan Jiao ◽  
Wanzhu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Skin Disease ◽  
Surgical Instruments ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Disease Research ◽  
New Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Development Course ◽  
Application Scope ◽  
Pathological Tissues

This paper introduces the development course of cryosurgery, mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, application scope, the analysis of the current world advanced the development of cryogenic surgical instruments and its principle and performance, found that at present, the development of the cryoablation equipment mainly for the treatment of diseases such as cancer such heavy research, thus ignore the crowd larger quantity of the treatment of skin disease research. cryopen are introduced in this paper to solve small pathological tissues such as skin disease treatment. we study a new type of freezing and melting equipment, named cryopen. at the same time, the simulation of treating abnormal skin is completed effectively. The results show that cryopen is very good for the treatment of abnormal skin. The future development of small cryoablation equipment is also put forward.

Suitability of Reduced Part Count Multilevel Inverter Topologies for Grid Interfacing

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (07) ◽  
pp. 1650081 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rekha Agrawal ◽  
Shailendra Jain
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Circuit Complexity ◽  
Emerging Technology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multilevel Inverters ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Input Source ◽  
And Performance

Reduced part count multilevel inverters (RPC-MLIs), an emerging technology for grid interfacing applications of renewable energy sources. RPC-MLIs overcome the limitations of conventional two-level and classical multilevel inverters (NPC, FC and CHB) by the use of reduced part counts for generation of same number of levels in the output. Focus of this paper is on to present review of the RPC-MLIs for researchers and engineers and classification of all the topologies. RPC-MLIs are compared considering its circuit complexity and performance. The comparison exposes advantages and disadvantages of topologies, as well as a wide spectrum for future research. This paper also draws the most potential topology in the field of grid integrated applications. Promising topology is simulated here under the same load and input source condition using real time simulator.

scholarly journals Quantitative Analysis and Performance Evaluation of Target-Oriented Replication Strategies in Cloud Computing

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Quadri Waseem ◽  
Wan Isni Sofiah Wan Din ◽  
Sultan S. Alshamrani ◽  
Abdullah Alharbi ◽  
Amril Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Performance Indicator ◽  
Data Replication ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dynamic Data ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Dynamic Data Replication ◽  
And Performance

Data replications effectively replicate the same data to various multiple locations to accomplish the objective of zero loss of information in case of failures without any downtown. Dynamic data replication strategies (providing run time location of replicas) in clouds should optimize the key performance indicator parameters, like response time, reliability, availability, scalability, cost, availability, performance, etc. To fulfill these objectives, various state-of-the-art dynamic data replication strategies has been proposed, based on several criteria and reported in the literature along with advantages and disadvantages. This paper provides a quantitative analysis and performance evaluation of target-oriented replication strategies based on target objectives. In this paper, we will try to find out which target objective is most addressed, which are average addressed, and which are least addressed in target-oriented replication strategies. The paper also includes a detailed discussion about the challenges, issues, and future research directions. This comprehensive analysis and performance evaluation based-work will open a new door for researchers in the field of cloud computing and will be helpful for further development of cloud-based dynamic data replication strategies to develop a technique that will address all attributes (Target Objectives) effectively in one replication strategy.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Lithium Iron Phosphate Battery and Ternary Lithium Battery

2022 ◽  
Vol 2152 (1) ◽  
pp. 012056
Author(s):  
Yuhao Su
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Lithium Battery ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Cathode Structure

Abstract This article analyses the lithium iron phosphate battery and the ternary lithium battery. With the development of new energy vehicles, people are discussing more and more about the batteries of electric vehicles. Nowadays, electric vehicles mainly use the lithium iron phosphate battery and the ternary lithium battery as energy sources. Existing research and articles have given the current performance of the two batteries but have not systematically compared the two batteries with more details. This article introduces the basic principles, cathode structure, and standard preparation methods of the two batteries by summarizing and discussing existing data and research. The article discusses the two types of batteries and concludes the advantages and disadvantages of the two batteries at the present stage. This article aims to help readers have a more comprehensive understanding of the basic information of the two batteries at this stage and provide theoretical guidance for future research on batteries for electric vehicles.

Measuring Illness Severity in Newborn Intensive Care

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas K. Richardson ◽  
William O. Tarnow-Mordi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Scoring Systems ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
And Performance

Measurement of illness severity has found increasing use in adult and pediatric intensive care research over the past decade. The development of illness severity indices for neonatal intensive care has lagged because birth weight has served as an excellent proxy for illness severity. However, a number of recent studies have shown marked variation in survival and morbidity among neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) despite birth weight adjustment, making clear the need for neonatal illness severity scoring. We discuss advantages and disadvantages of the 4 types of scoring systems used in adult intensive care—diagnosis, risk-factor, therapeutic, and physiological—and review their applications in adult and pediatric ICU research. Criteria for score design, as well as standards for validation and performance, are enumerated. The 30 neonatal scores fall in 5 major categories: obstetric risk, general use pediatric scores, predictors of developmental outcome, bronchopulmonary dysplasia risk, and acute mortality risk. Few have been adequately validated on large, concurrent independent samples. The most promising scores are those that measure acute physiological derangement on admission. Potential applications for these new illness severity scores are discussed.

Synthesis and applications of graphene quantum dots: a review

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Chen ◽  
Guo Lv ◽  
Weimin Hu ◽  
Dejiang Li ◽  
Shaona Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
New Class ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Bio Imaging ◽  
Novel Devices

AbstractAs a new class of fluorescent carbon materials, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have attracted tremendous attention due to their outstanding properties and potential applications in biological, optoelectronic, and energy-related fields. Herein, top-down and bottom-up strategies for the fabrication of GQDs, mainly containing oxidative cleavage, the hydrothermal or solvothermal method, the ultrasonic-assisted or microwave-assisted process, electrochemical oxidation, controllable synthesis, and carbonization from small molecules or polymers, are discussed. Different methods are presented in order to study their characteristics and their influence on the final properties of the GQDs. The respective advantages and disadvantages of the methods are introduced. With regard to some important or novel methods, the mechanisms are proposed for reference. Moreover, recent exciting progresses on the applications of GQD, such as sensors, bio-imaging, drug carriers, and solar cells are highlighted. Finally, a brief outlook is given, pointing out the issues still to be settled for further development. We believe that new preparation methods and properties of GQDs will be found, and GQDs will play more important roles in novel devices and various applications.

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