Investment Strategies for Sourcing a New Technology in the Presence of a Mature Technology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Hsiao-Hui Lee
Keyword(s):  
Operations Management ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Development Effort ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Cost Shifting ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

To stay competitive, high-technology manufacturers not only frequently source new technologies from their suppliers, but also financially support the development of these new technologies into component products or production tools. We consider a manufacturer that can either source a new but immature technology from a financially constrained supplier, or source a mature technology from an existing supplier if and only if the development of the new technology fails. To support the new technology, the manufacturer can choose to inject capital in the form of an equity or loan. The investment strategy not only affects the new supplier’s development effort and the probability of technical success (PTS), but also affects the existing supplier’s effort to improve the mature technology, which presents the manufacturer with a trade-off. Following the debt financing literature, we find that a loan contract is associated with a cost-shifting effect and often leads to a higher PTS. However, because the manufacturer not only maintains an investment but also a procurement relationship with the new supplier, we find a profit-sharing effect associated with an equity investment, which does not exist in the traditional equity issuance literature. In particular, we show that the profit-sharing effect can dominate the cost-shifting effect and lead to a higher PTS when the new supplier’s technological capability is sufficiently high. Nonetheless, we also show that the strategy that derives a higher PTS does not necessarily generate a higher payoff for the manufacturer. On the one hand, a loan can be preferred even when it leads to a lower PTS because the cost-shifting effect allows the manufacturer to offer a sufficiently low procurement payment while maintaining a sufficiently high PTS. On the other hand, when the existing supplier is very capable of reducing its costs, a loan can over-incentivize the new supplier to exert excessive effort and backfire. This paper was accepted by Charles Corbett, operations management.

scholarly journals Intelligent Devices in Rural Wireless Networks

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Daniel Fuentes ◽  
Rosalía Laza ◽  
Antonio Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
System Architecture ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Internet Access ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Experience Level ◽  
The World ◽  
Intelligent Devices ◽  
The Cost

The rural wireless networks are increasingly in demand by associations and autarchies to expand Internet access in this type of areas. The problem of such solutions centers not only in network deployment and its maintenance, but also in the equipment installation on clients, which always has big costs. This installation and configuration must be performed by a technician on site, so that the equipment can be integrated in the infrastructure. To try to mitigate this problem, it is presented a solution that allows the clients to install, with transparency, the device at home, reducing not only the cost for the management entity but also for the clients. This way, for info-excluded people or with new technology low experience level, it is the user that integrates himself in the network, making him part of the process, fostering the network usage.In this article are specified not only the system architecture but also the way that it works and how it obtains the desirable result. The tests made to the solution show the quickness, reliability and autonomy in the execution of the tasks, making it a benefit for rural wireless networks.This solution, by its robustness and simplicity, allowed an uptake to the IT by people who never thought to do it, namely an advanced age group (elderly) who want to join the world of the new technologies

scholarly journals Waking Life: The Destiny of Cinema’s Dreamscape; or the Question of Old and New Mediations

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-72
Author(s):  
Markos Hadjioannou
Keyword(s):  
Visual Culture ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Film History ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Medium Specificity ◽  
Technological Base ◽  
Current Transition ◽  
The One ◽  
Fixed Boundaries

In light of the current transition from celluloid to digital cinema, this paper will explore the relation between old and new technologies as a means for understanding medium specificity as an activity of mediation. While the ongoing debate in screen studies aims at clarifying the extent of digital technology’s effects, it seems that the new technology is either being interpreted as inducing a rupture in film history clearly distinct from celluloid, or as directly repeating strategies, goals, forms, and impulses specific to an indexical and analogical visual culture. Indeed, the desire to acknowledge points of divergence or close interaction between technological forms is unquestionably useful; but my own approach to the technological change takes into account both the differences and similarities of forms as a means of exploring medium specificity. This will be a matter of dealing with the new as not new or old, but new and old – as simultaneously distinct and interactively interrelated, so that each medium acquires a space of its own without fixed boundaries. Rather than merge the one form into the other, the ontological explication of a medium may take account of its specific technological base while simultaneously paying attention to previous technologies that reside in it intact yet affected by the contextual possibilities of the new. Newness, thus understood, becomes a complex concurrency of differences and similarities that shift the borders of distinct forms in unexpected and continually renewable ways. With this in mind, I will discuss an example of digital mediation through Richard Linklater’s Waking Life (2001), with a focus on the digital’s power for a creative interpretation of reality’s experience.

scholarly journals Pricing strategy and product quality design with platform-investment

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Xiujing Dang ◽  
Yang Xu ◽  
Gongbing Bi ◽  
Lei Qin
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Optimal Investment ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Contract Term ◽  
Optimal Investment Strategy ◽  
Sustainable Value ◽  
Quality Design

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>With the development of business, more consumers are quality sensitive and improving the product quality becomes particularly important. We mainly discuss two investment strategies: retailer-investment and platform-investment. Compared with non-investment case, only if consumer sensitivity is not too high, it is profitable for the retailer to select retailer-investment. When both retailer-investment and platform-investment are viable, the choice of investment mechanism depends on the profit-sharing ratio. Particularly, if the ratio is within a certain range, the optimal investment strategy is platform-investment, achieving a triple-win outcome. Besides, to effectively alleviate the contradiction between the retailer's moral hazard problem and the sustainable value-added effect of platform-investment, we further research the contract term. These results give us some meaningful management inspirations in investment mechanism.</p>

Concept of the Model Robotized Cell for Plasma-GMAW Hybrid Welding

2014 ◽  
Vol 613 ◽  
pp. 43-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Pilat ◽  
Jacek Szulc
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Hybrid Welding ◽  
Weld Penetration ◽  
Production Lines ◽  
Concept Model ◽  
Metal Sheets ◽  
The One ◽  
Welding Processes

Activities in the field of increasing the productivity of the production lines for welding thick metal sheets are focused in two directions. On the one hand, new technologies are being developed for welding, deeper weld penetration and faster welding process. On the other hand are focused on automation of these operations, which have the effect of reducing cost and increasing efficiency. Improved are also the working conditions of people employed in the welding processes. In both these directions the hybrid welding Plasma-GMAW could fulfill all requirements as a new technology. The article gives the concept model of the complete robotized welding cell, in which this method will be implemented and tested.

The characteristics of institutional R&D investment in the STEM field under policy streams over time

2021 ◽  
pp. 147821032098638
Author(s):  
Youngsik Hwang
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Total Size ◽  
Academic Fields ◽  
Development Expenditure ◽  
The Government ◽  
D Investment ◽  
Over Time

The STEM field has contributed significantly to the development of society because its findings result in new technology, which gives people more efficient tools and methods for a better standard of living. Postsecondary institutions have trained STEM field graduates through advanced curricula and learning environments. Compared to other academic fields, STEM requires more monetary support for research from the institution or the government because STEM research often requires expensive equipment installation or the introduction of new technologies. This paper overviews institutional support for STEM education and research by the regime of recent U.S. governments and examines the characteristics of R&D (research and development) expenditure. The results indicate that the R&D expenditures of the STEM field show continuous support for the different type of institutions, regardless of governments over time. However, they have tried to diversify the R&D investment by the type of R&D field and institutional type. Even though the government has tried to increase the total size of R&D expenditure through various resources, they still need to consider the equity and diversity issues for even further R&D investment strategies. A further research direction would search for the detailed action and strategies to support the STEM field according to their types of support or expectation.

scholarly journals Economic System and Welfare Regime Dynamics in Japan since the Early 2000s – The Case of Occupational Pensions

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
HARALD CONRAD
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Occupational Pension ◽  
Occupational Pensions ◽  
The One ◽  
Japanese Companies ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThis article discusses significant changes of Japanese occupational pensions since the early 2000s. Our analysis shows that these schemes have been key components of policies to promote private welfare provision and have been highly compatible with human capital investment strategies that are based on long-term employment relationships of regular workers. However, since the 1990s, occupational pensions have come under increased pressure due to underfunding problems caused by depressed stock markets and changes in accounting standards that made these underfunding problems apparent. In response to these challenges, Japanese companies have restructured their occupational pension arrangements. The nature of these efforts can be explained with reference to existing institutional complementarities with the economic system on the one hand and changes in the cost–benefit calculations of employers, employees and the civil service on the other hand. Whereas complementarities, especially with human resource management factors, have ultimately defined the limits of these changes, an actor-centered analysis helps to explain the particular nature of changes within these boundaries.

scholarly journals Impact of low sperm competition on male reproductive trait allometries in a bush-cricket

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Winkler ◽  
Leon M. Kirch ◽  
Klaus Reinhold ◽  
Steven A. Ramm
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Competition ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
Reproductive Trait ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Male Investment ◽  
Subgenital Plate ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
The One ◽  
Bush Cricket

Abstract Background Studying reproductive trait allometries can help to understand optimal male investment strategies under sexual selection. In promiscuous mating systems, studies across several taxa suggest that testes allometry is usually positive, presumably due to strong selection on sperm numbers through intense sperm competition. Here, we investigated testes allometry in a bush-cricket species, Metaplastes ornatus, in which females mate promiscuously, but where sperm removal behaviour by males likely drastically reduces realised sperm competition level. Results As hypothesised, we found evidence for negative testes allometry and hence a fundamentally different male investment strategy compared to species under intense sperm competition. In addition, the mean relative testes size of M. ornatus was small compared to other species of bush-crickets. Surprisingly, the spermatophore gland, a potential alternative trait that males could invest in instead of testes, also did not show positive allometry, but was approximately isometric. We further observed the expected pattern of negative allometry for the male morphological structure responsible for sperm removal in this species, the subgenital plate, supporting the one-size-fits-all hypothesis for intromittent genitalia. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the evolution of sperm removal behaviour in M. ornatus was a key adaptation for avoiding sperm competition, with important consequences for reproductive trait allometries. Nevertheless, they also imply that it does not pay for larger males to invest disproportionately in nuptial gift production in this species.

Cyborgs, Agents, and Transhumanists: Crossing Traditional Borders of Body and Identity in the Context of New Technology

Leonardo ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 361-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Becker
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The World ◽  
The One

In current discourses of technoscience, body, nature, and even life are often described as code, text, or information. On the one hand, classical dichotomies (body/mind, subject/object, man/machine) and their restrictions are dissolving; on the other hand, this discourse often reveals a hidden desire to ignore both the fragility and the sense-giving capacity of materiality. In this paper, the proper dynamic of materiality is explored by looking in particular at what it means to be in a permanent touch with the world with the body. Against this background, efforts at denying or transforming the body in the context of new technologies can be interpreted as the wish to control or avoid the unpredictable and unconscious dimensions of human existence.

scholarly journals Digital Technologies Applied in Agriculture for Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Carmen-Valentina Radulescuu ◽  
Maria-Loredana Popescu ◽  
Mihaela Diana Oancea Negescu ◽  
Dumitru Alexandru Bodislav
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Production Factors ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The One

Recently, many articles deal with Internet and mobile phones that have penetrated all sectors of the economy, including agriculture, in the light of their benefits. Various reports, including the World Bank, describe the main benefits of new information and communication technologies and promote their greater integration into the wider economy to increase efficiency by completing other production factors and fostering innovation, for example, drastically reducing transaction costs. The article analyzes recent literature but also presents novelty elements that emerged from questions such as the risks associated with new technologies considering that there are not enough studies in the field confirming, on the one hand, the benefits but also the losses caused by them. Keyword: New technology, agriculture, innovation

The Recent Revolution in High Performance Computing

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Horst D. Simon
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Computing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Parallel Architecture ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Good News ◽  
Computing Industry ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Performance Computing

Recent events in the high-performance computing industry have concerned scientists and the general public regarding a crisis or a lack of leadership in the field. That concern is understandable considering the industry's history from 1993 to 1996. Cray Research, the historic leader in supercomputing technology, was unable to survive financially as an independent company and was acquired by Silicon Graphics. Two ambitious new companies that introduced new technologies in the late 1980s and early 1990s—Thinking Machines and Kendall Square Research—were commercial failures and went out of business. And Intel, which introduced its Paragon supercomputer in 1994, discontinued production only two years later.During the same time frame, scientists who had finished the laborious task of writing scientific codes to run on vector parallel supercomputers learned that those codes would have to be rewritten if they were to run on the next-generation, highly parallel architecture. Scientists who are not yet involved in high-performance computing are understandably hesitant about committing their time and energy to such an apparently unstable enterprise.However, beneath the commercial chaos of the last several years, a technological revolution has been occurring. The good news is that the revolution is over, leading to five to ten years of predictable stability, steady improvements in system performance, and increased productivity for scientific applications. It is time for scientists who were sitting on the fence to jump in and reap the benefits of the new technology.

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