Biosorption Capacity of Activated Sludge Sand Bed for Removal of Copper from Treated Wastewater

Nucleic acid hybridization provides a rapid non-cell culture method for the detection of enteric viruses in water. The purpose of this work was to compare the detection of naturally occurring enteroviruses by cell culture with their detection by a poliovirus gene probe in various types of water samples. Samples of activated sludge effluent, tertiary treated wastewater (activated sludge, filtration and passage through reverse osmosis), ground water, surface water and tidal river water were processed through 1 MDS Virozorb filters to concentrate any naturally occurring virus. Viruses were eluted from the filters with pH 9.5 beef extract and reduced in volume by flocculation to 20-30 ml. These concentrates were then assayed in the BGM cell line by the cytopathogenic effects (CPE) method and by a poliovirus cDNA probe (base pairs 115-7440) labeled with 32P. A total of 233 samples were assayed in this manner. In slightly more than 93% of the samples gene probe and cell culture yielded the same results. Of these samples 36 were positive by gene probe and 28 by cell culture assay. Positive samples for gene probe were confirmed by treatment with NaOH or RNAse and then reprobed. Samples demonstrating CPE upon primary passage were confirmed positive by subsequent passage of cell lysate on a new monolayer of BGM cells. Ten samples were positive by gene probe and negative by cell culture, and 4 samples were negative by gene probe and positive by cell culture.

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Efficiency and Technological Reliability of Contaminant Removal in Household WWTPs with Activated Sludge

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11041889 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 1889 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Agnieszka Micek ◽

Krzysztof Jóźwiakowski ◽

Michał Marzec ◽

Agnieszka Listosz ◽

Tadeusz Grabowski

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Domestic Wastewater ◽

Pollutant Removal ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Contaminant Removal ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Wastewater Samples ◽

Polish Law

The results of research on the efficiency and technological reliability of domestic wastewater purification in two household wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with activated sludge are presented in this paper. The studied facilities were located in the territory of the Roztocze National Park (Poland). The mean wastewater flow rate in the WWTPs was 1.0 and 1.6 m3/day. In 2017–2019, 20 series of analyses were done, and 40 wastewater samples were taken. On the basis of the received results, the efficiency of basic pollutant removal was determined. The technological reliability of the tested facilities was specified using the Weibull method. The average removal efficiencies for the biochemical oxygen demand in 5 days (BOD5) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were 66–83% and 62–65%, respectively. Much lower effects were obtained for total suspended solids (TSS) and amounted to 17–48%, while the efficiency of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) removal did not exceed 34%. The analyzed systems were characterized by the reliability of TSS, BOD5, and COD removal at the level of 76–96%. However, the reliability of TN and TP elimination was less than 5%. Thus, in the case of biogenic compounds, the analyzed systems did not guarantee that the quality of treated wastewater would meet the requirements of the Polish law during any period of operation. This disqualifies the discussed technological solution in terms of its wide application in protected areas and near lakes, where the requirements for nitrogen and phosphorus removal are high.

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Evaluation of phytotoxicity of effluents from activated sludge and constructed wetland system for wastewater reuse

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2019.093 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 79 (4) ◽

pp. 656-667 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ana María Leiva ◽

Adrián Albarrán ◽

Daniela López ◽

Gladys Vidal

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Wastewater Reuse ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Treated Wastewater Reuse ◽

Epicotyl Elongation ◽

Petri Dishes ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect ◽

Seeds Germination

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytotoxicity of wastewater treated with horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) constructed wetlands (CWs) and activated sludge (AS) system using disinfection treatment such chlorination and ultraviolet (UV) system. To assess the impact of the reuse of different effluents (HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV), bioassays using seeds of Raphanus sativus (R. sativus) and Triticum aestivum (T. aestivum), were performed on both Petri dishes and soil. Different treated wastewater concentrations were varied (6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50% and 100%) and the percentage of germination inhibition (PGI), percentage of epicotyl elongation (PEE) and germination index (GI) were determined. Positive effects (PGI and PEE <0% and GI >80%) of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV, AS-Cl and AS-UV effluents on germination and epicotyl elongation of R. sativus and T. aestivum were observed in Petri dishes bioassays. However, toxic effects of HSSF-Cl, HSSF-UV and AS-Cl on seeds germination and epicotyl elongation of both plant species were detected in soil samples (PGI and PEE >0% and GI <80%). Only R. sativus seeds to be irrigated with AS-UV achieved GI values above 86% for all concentrations evaluated. These results indicated that AS-UV effluent had a positive effect on seeds germination and can be recommended for treated wastewater reuse in agricultural irrigation.

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Removal and Recovery of Phosphorus Using Struvite Crystallization from Activated Sludge Treated Wastewater

Nihon Yoton Gakkaishi ◽

10.5938/youton.50.128 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 128-136

Author(s):

Yuichiro WAKIYA ◽

Toru TURUHASHI ◽

Norihiro TAKAYANAGI ◽

Daisuke URABE ◽

Hirofumi KAWAHARA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Struvite Crystallization ◽

Removal And Recovery

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Removal of organics and metal ion nanoparticles from synthetic wastewater by activated sludge process (ASP)

10.7287/peerj.preprints.451 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Tarunveer Singh ◽

Shubhanshu Jain

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Metal Ions ◽

Organic Contaminants ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Poor Quality ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Synthetic Wastewater ◽

Batch Reactors

Adsorption technique is widely used for removal of toxic organic contaminants from aqueous streams. Owing to the hazardous or otherwise undesirable characteristics of phenolic compounds in particular, their presence in wastewater from municipal and industrial discharge is one of the most important environmental issue. The discharge of poor quality effluents by the chemical-based laboratories and refineries in India is posing a serious threat to water sources and wastewater treatment installations alike. Our study was set up in the Indo - French Unit for Water & Wastewater Technologies (IFUWWT), IIT Delhi. The main objective of this study was to assess the efficiency of a laboratory-scale activated sludge treatment process in producing a final effluent conforming to regulatory standards of Central Pollution Control Board, India (CPCB norms) with regards to COD and metal ion loads. The study was conducted in three principal stages: characterization of wastewater containing nanoparticles; treatability studies of laboratory generated discards and investigations of heavy metal ions before and after treatment. The various raw effluent parameters analyzed were COD, BOD, F/M ratio, Sludge Value Index, Total Solids and concentrations of Cu, Ag and Zn. Studies were conducted using two aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBR). MLSS of the aeration basin was calculated to be 7180±261.3 mg/L while the F/M ratio was kept down to 0.1560±.0149; besides, an SVI of 107.24 mL/g complied with the state of bioreactor’s sludge. These set of values suggested to set an extended aeration processes for the reactors. Accordingly, the detention time in aeration basin was 24 hours. The results showed over 98% influent COD reduction and nearly 100% removal of metal ions. The sample used was operated on sludge collected from Vasant Kunj Wastewater Treatment plant. Based on the results from waste characterization and treatability studies, it was decided that the mixed liquor discharged in the activation tank should have glucose solution and laboratory discarded sample in 1:1 ratio. The reactor was operated on a glucose fed batch basis for 30 days. For the sake of metal analysis, the digested water samples were analyzed for the presence of copper, silver and zinc using the ElementAS AAS4141 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (by Electronics Corporation of India Ltd). The biosorption capacities were found to be over 95% in all the cases with the minimum correlation coefficient for calibration curve being 0.9811. Such a high sludge yield is suggestive of the fact that heavy metals are in very low concentrations in the considered carboy sample. Because of these insignificant values, the amount of metal ions introduced to the system gets adsorbed almost completely, hence leaving behind no metal ion within the supernatant. Well-treated wastewater has enormous potential as a source of water for crops, households and industry.

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How early into the outbreak can surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater tell us?

10.1101/2020.08.19.20177667 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peiying Hong ◽

Andri Taruna Rachmadi ◽

David Mantilla-Calderon ◽

Mohsen Alkahtani ◽

Yasir M. Bashwari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Early Warning ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Occurrence Frequency ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Septic Tank ◽

Knowledge Gap ◽

Weak Correlation ◽

Clear Idea

There is increasing interest to use wastewater-based surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 as an early warning of the outbreak within a community. Despite successful detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewaters sampled from multiple locations, there is still no clear idea on the minimal number of cases needed in a community to result in a positive detection of the virus in wastewaters. To address this knowledge gap, we sampled wastewaters from a septic tank and biological activated sludge tank located on-site of a hospital. The hospital is providing treatment for SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, with the number of hospitalized patients per day known. It was observed that > 253 positive cases out of 10,000 persons are required prior to detecting SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. There was a weak correlation between N1 and N2 gene abundances in wastewater with the number of hospitalized cases. This correlation was however not observed for N3 gene. The occurrence frequency of SARS-CoV-2 is at least 5 times lower in the partially treated wastewater than in the septic tank. Furthermore, abundance of N1 and N3 genes in the activated sludge tank were 50 and 70% of the levels detected in septic tank, suggesting poor persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 gene fragments in wastewater.

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Effect of the presence ofActinomycetesin the activated sludge on the quality of the treated wastewater

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20171700007 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 00007 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Elżbieta Bezak-Mazur ◽

Renata Stoińska ◽

Jolanta Rajca ◽

Beata Łatasiewicz

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Treated Wastewater

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Zinc biosorption by waste activated and digested sludges

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0640 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (10-11) ◽

pp. 127-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

F. Bux ◽

B. Atkinson ◽

H. C. Kasan

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Heavy Metal Ions ◽

Negative Charge ◽

Concomitant Increase ◽

Digested Sludge ◽

Waste Products ◽

Biosorption Capacity ◽

Biological Matter ◽

Metal Plating ◽

Zinc Concentrations

Biological matter is known for its ability to biosorb solubilised heavy metal ions to its surface. Experiments were therefore conducted to assess the biosorptive capacity of two waste products of the wastewater treatment industry ie., waste activated and waste digested sludge. Surface charge of each was determined in order to relate electronegativity with biosorptive potential. Activated sludge was found to be more effective than digested sludge for removal of zinc from a metal plating effluent, viz., 5.9 mg Zn/(g sludge)−1 as opposed to 4.0 mg/g, respectively, as well as producing a higher net negative charge. It was also noted that as initial zinc concentrations in solution increased there was a concomitant increase in sludge biosorption capacity. Activated and digested sludges were capable of biosorbing zinc from a metal plating effluent although activated sludge showed better potential for industrial application.

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Bio-Treatment of APMP Effluent with Activated Sludge

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.675-677.505 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 675-677 ◽

pp. 505-509

Author(s):

Ting Zhi Liu ◽

Hao Yu Wang ◽

Shuai Li ◽

Yuan Liu

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Ph Value ◽

Effluent Treatment ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Process Conditions ◽

Wood Extractives ◽

Mechanical Pulp ◽

Alkaline Peroxide ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Optimized Conditions

Aerobic activated sludge was more appropriate for APMP(Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulp) effluent treatment than anaerobic processes because the high content of toxic wood extractives in the effluent. In this article, Eucalyptus APMP effluent was treated with activated sludge and the process conditions was optimized. The optimized conditions were: the initial pH value was 6.0, SV30of activated sludge was 35%, and loading volume of flask was 150ml (250ml flask), cultured shakily for 3 days at 35°Cand 150rpm. The removal of COD was 66.75%, from 4181mg/l to 1390mg/l, and the color of the effluent and treated water were 2541C.U. and 1557C.U. under the optimized conditions, respectively. In most cases, the color of treated wastewater was increased compared with the initial effluent, but the removal of COD was significant.

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Enhancing treated wastewater effluent characteristics using hybrid biofilm/activated sludge process – a case study

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.2020.074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 81 (2) ◽

pp. 217-227

Author(s):

Khalid Hassan ◽

Olfat Hamdy ◽

Mohamed Helmy ◽

Hossam Mostafa

Keyword(s):

Activated Sludge ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Biofilm Reactor ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Hybrid Reactor ◽

Conventional Activated Sludge ◽

Fill Fraction ◽

Hydraulic Load

Abstract This paper documents the results of 12 months of monitoring of an upgraded hybrid moving bed biofilm reactor-conventional activated sludge wastewater treatment plant (MBBR-CAS WWTP). It also targets the assessment of the increment of the hydraulic load on existing treatment units with a zero construction and land cost. The influent flow to the plant was increased from 21,000 m3 d−1 to 30,000 m3 d−1, 40% of the existing CAS reactor volume was used for the MBBR zone with a carrier fill fraction of 47.62% and with Headworks Bio ActiveCell™ 515 used as media; no modifications were made for the primary and secondary tanks. The hybrid reactor showed high removal efficiencies for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS), with average effluent values recording 33.00 ± 8.87 mg L−1, 52.90 ± 9.65 mg L−1 and 29.50 ± 6.64 mg L−1 respectively. Nutrient removals in the hybrid modified biological reactor were moderate compared with carbon removal despite the high C/N ratio of 12.33. Findings in this study favor the application of MBBR in the upgrading of existing CAS plants with the plant BOD5 removal efficiency recording an increase of about 5% compared with the plant before upgrade and effluent values well within the legal requirements.

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