scholarly journals Performance and Fatty Acid Composition of Adipose Tissue, Breast and Thigh in Broilers Fed Flaxseed: A Review

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Main Fatty Acid ◽  
Fold Change Analysis

Interest on the enrichment of poultry meat with n-3 fatty acids has increased given its important role in human health. Flaxseed is the main sources of n-3 fatty acids, and contains between 45 to 71% of total fatty acids of the oil as α-linolenic acid. This paper reviews the plausibility of n-3 enrichment. Its focus is on the processing of flaxseed and begins by summarizing the benefits of supplementation on broiler performance. The literature on altering the FA deposition in different tissues is then reviewed, and the factors that affect the incorporation of n-3 PUFA into edible tissues of poultry are investigated. Flaxseed supplementation caused a reduction in the abdominal fat pad, and the main fatty acid deposited in the tissue is LNA. The use of fold-change analysis allowed interpreting and determining the variation of results within experiments that do not report data in similar units of measure. The fold change analysis identified three categories of desaturation response to feeding flaxseed to broilers, resulting in different values for EPA and DHA in both breast and thigh tissues: high, medium and low fold-changes. The use of flaxseed oil, whole or ground flaxseed 14 to 21 day before slaughter is recommended to poultry producers as feeding strategies to optimize n-3 enrichment, without compromising animal performance. Enriched DHA deposition could be accomplished feeding whole flaxseed.

scholarly journals Nutritional Composition of Dikiri Coconut

CORD ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
K.D.P.P. Gunathilake
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Main Fatty Acid

Dikiri, an abnormal type of coconut found mainly in the southern part of Sri Lanka, was analyzed for its proximate composition, dietary fiber, minerals, vitamin C and fatty acid profile. Pectin was isolated and characterized (moisture, ash, acetyl value, methoxyl value, equivalent value) from dikiri coconut. Dikiri coconut contains 38.91± 0.9%, 2.95 ± 0.2%, 58.21± 3.6%, 17.62 ± 0.2%, 6.63 ± 0.3% and14.59% dry matter, ash, crude fat, crude fibre and carbohydrate respectively. The main dietary fiber components of Dikiri coconut were pectin and hemicellulose while that of normal coconut was cellulose. Lignin content was significantly lower in the kernel of dikiri coconut(3.98±0.9) than normal coconut kernel(6.14±0.7%). Equivalent weight, methoxyl value, moisture, ash and acetyl value of dikiri pectin were 1052.7 ± 11.08, 8.72 ± 0.25, 85.8 ±1.65, 0.8 ± 0.04 and 0.09 ± 0.01 respectively. The main mineral found in dikiri was potassium. Vitamin C content of dikiri coconut was 2.32 mg/100g. The fatty acids composition of dikiri was similar to normal coconut and saturated fatty acids constituted nearly 90% of total fatty acids and lauric acid is the main fatty acid followed by myristic acid.

scholarly journals Bicarbonate for microalgae cultivation: a case study in a chlorophyte, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis isolated from a Norwegian lake

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikumi Umetani ◽  
Eshetu Janka ◽  
Michal Sposób ◽  
Chris J. Hulatt ◽  
Synne Kleiven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Fatty Acid Production ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

AbstractBicarbonate was evaluated as an alternative carbon source for a green microalga, Tetradesmus wisconsinensis, isolated from Lake Norsjø in Norway. Photosynthesis, growth, and lipid production were studied using four inorganic carbon regimes: (1) aeration only, (2) 20 mM NaHCO3, (3) 5% (v/v) CO2 gas, and (4) combination of 20 mM NaHCO3 and 5% CO2. Variable chlorophyll a fluorescence analysis revealed that the bicarbonate treatment supported effective photosynthesis, while the CO2 treatment led to inefficient photosynthetic activity with a PSII maximum quantum yield as low as 0.31. Conversely, bicarbonate and CO2 treatments gave similar biomass and fatty acid production. The maximum growth rate, the final cell dry weight, and total fatty acids under the bicarbonate-only treatment were 0.33 (± 0.06) day−1, 673 (± 124) mg L−1 and 75 (± 5) mg g−1 dry biomass, respectively. The most abundant fatty acid components were α-linolenic acid and polyunsaturated fatty acids constituting 69% of the total fatty acids. The fatty acid profile eventuated in unsuitable biodiesel fuel properties such as high degree of unsaturation and low cetane number; however, it would be relevant for food and feed applications. We concluded that bicarbonate could give healthy growth and comparative product yields as CO2.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Variability of Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis and Vanilla planifolia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Brunschwig ◽  
François Xavier Collard ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bianchini ◽  
Phila Raharivelomanana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

In order to establish a chemical fingerprint of vanilla diversity, thirty samples of V. planifolia J. W. Moore and V. tahitensis G. Jackson cured beans from seven producing countries were examined for their aroma and fatty acid contents. Both fatty acid and aroma compositions were found to vary between vanilla species and origins. Vanillin was found in higher amounts in V. planifolia (1.7-3.6% of dry matter) than in V. tahitensis (1.0-2.0%), and anisyl compounds were found in lower amounts in V. planifolia (0.05%) than in V. tahitensis (1.4%-2.1%). Ten common and long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCFA) were identified and were found to be characteristic of the vanilla origin. LCFA derived from secondary metabolites have discriminating compositions as they reach 5.9% and 15.8% of total fatty acids, respectively in V. tahitensis and V. planifolia. This study highlights the role of the curing method as vanilla cured beans of two different species cultivated in the same country were found to have quite similar fatty acid compositions.

Prediction of Fatty Acid Content in Beef Neck Lean by near Infrared Reflectance Analysis

1998 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
William R. Windham ◽  
W.H. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Total Fatty Acids

Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the prediction of individual and total fatty acids of bovine M. Longissimus dorsi neck muscles has been studied. Beef neck lean was collected from meat processing establishments using advanced meat recovery systems and hand-deboning. Samples ( n = 302) were analysed to determine fatty acid (FA) composition and scanned from 400 to 2498 nm. Total saturated and unsaturated FA values ranged from 43.2 to 62.0% and 38.3 to 56.2%, respectively. Results of partial least squares (PLS) modeling shown reasonably accurate models were attained for total saturate content [standard error of performance ( SEP = 1.10%); coefficient of determination on the validation set ( r2 = 0.77)], palmitic ( SEP = 0.94%; r2 = 0.69), unsaturate ( SEP = 1.13%; r2 = 0.77), and oleic ( SEP = 0.97; r2 = 0.78). Prediction of other individual saturated and unsaturated FAs was less accurate with an r2 range of 0.10 to 0.53. However, the sum of individual predicted saturated and unsaturated FA was acceptable compared with the reference method ( SEP = 1.10 and 1.12%, respectively). This study shows that NIR can be used to predict accurately total fatty acids in M. Longissimus dorsi muscle.

Fatty Acid Composition of Nephtys incisa and Yoldia limatula

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Farrington ◽  
James G. Quinn ◽  
Wayne R. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid Distribution ◽  
Narragansett Bay ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Polluted Station

Samples of the infaunal invertebrates Nephtys incisa and Yoldia limatula from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island, have been analyzed for their fatty acid distribution. Based on total fatty acids, Yoldia contains 9–16% of an acid tentatively identified as 22:2. The ratios of 18:1/18:0 and 18:1/20:1 fatty acids of Nephtys from a polluted station in the bay are lower than the corresponding ratios for animals from relatively clean areas.

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in liver and muscle tissues of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish (Diodon holocanthus Linnaeus 1758)

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaka Tashiro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Okinawa Island ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
The Ryukyu Islands ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Long Chain

Purpose This study aimed to analyze the lipid content and fatty acid composition in the liver and muscle of a porcupinefish species inhabiting waters around the Ryukyu Islands to investigate their potential as a source of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFAs). Design/methodology/approach Porcupinefish were collected along the Okinawa Island coast. The composition of fatty acids and cholesterol in both liver and muscle were analyzed using a gas chromatograph mass spectrometer. Findings The liver of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish was rich in lipids whose content correlated to the proportion of liver/body weight. Fatty acid compositions in their liver and muscles were similar to each other. LC-PUFAs occupied 44% of total fatty acids, with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) being the dominant (42%), whereas eicosapentaenoic acid occupied 2.4%. The liver contained 1,690 mg of cholesterol and 14.8 g of DHA per 100 g, whose proportion decreased in summer compared to other seasons (p = 0.036). Originality/value The liver of Okinawan long-spine porcupinefish, which has not yet been commercially used although its non-toxicity is claimed, can be an excellent source of LC-PUFAs, especially DHA, accentuating its potential in food supplements’ production.

ACETATE METABOLISM IN EXPERIMENTAL KETOSIS OF GUINEA PIGS

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Sterol Synthesis ◽  
Acetate Metabolism ◽  
Diabetic Ketosis ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Experimental Findings

Non-diabetic ketosis was produced experimentally in fasted pregnant guinea pigs. Total CO2output of ketotic animals was less than that of appropriate controls but there was no impairment in the conversion of acetate-1-C14to C14O2. Sterol synthesis increased in ketotic animals while fatty acid synthesis, particularly in carcass, showed the expected decrease. Ketosis was accompanied by an increase in plasma total fatty acids and in the fatty acid concentration of liver. The experimental findings support the hypothesis that ketosis is a manifestation of increased ketogenesis rather than impaired utilization of ketone bodies.

scholarly journals Observations on the nature and origin of lipids in the small intestine of the sheep

1968 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aileen M. Lennox ◽  
A. K. Lough ◽  
G. A. Garton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Bile Acids ◽  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Proportional Contribution ◽  
Conjugated Bile Acids

1. Total lipids were extracted from digesta obtained from the rumen, abomasum and upper small intestine (jejunum) of each of four slaughtered sheep. The lipids were fractionated into unesterified fatty acids, neutral lipids and phospholipids and the proportional contribution of each fraction to the total fatty acids was determined.2. The contribution made by phospholipids to the total fatty acids in the digesta showed a marked increase in the samples from the small intestine compared with those from the rumen and abomasum. This increase was apparently due to the presence of biliary phospholipids.3. Total lipids and conjugated bile acids were extracted from sheep bile, the lipids were fractionated and their fatty-acid composition was determined. Phospholipids predominated and these consisted mainly of phosphatidylcholine, together with some lysophosphatidylcholine.4. Both phospholipids contained significant amounts of unsaturated C18 components which could account, at least in part, for the previously reported increament to the proportion of these acids in the digesta when it enters the upper jejunum.5. The overall fatty acid compositions of the two biliary phospholipids were very similar and, in common with other naturally occurring phosphatidylcholines, the fatty acids present in position 2 of the phosphatidylcholine of bile were found to consist almost entirely of unsaturated components.6. Total lipids and conjugated bile acids were extracted from samples of digesta obtained from three sheep with cannulas in different positions in the jejunum. Analysis of the lipids indicated that biliary phospholipids, in particular phosphatidylcholine, underwent progressive hydrolysis in the intestinal lumen.7. The distribution of conjugated bile acids, unesterified fatty acids and phospholipids between the solid (particulate) and liquid (micellar) phases of the intestinal digesta was determined. These chyme constituents were, for the most part, associated with the particulate matter and thus, at any given time, it appears that only a small fraction of the total fatty acids is available for absorption in micellar form. It is suggested that the micellar solubilization of fatty acids may be facilitated by the presence of lysophosphatidylcholine.

Comparative analysis of the fatty acid composition of deep-water Baikal amphipods

Crustaceana ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Selmeg V. Bazarsadueva ◽  
Larisa D. Radnaeva ◽  
Arnold K. Tulokhonov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Manned Submersible ◽  
Main Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Levels

Abstract In this report, we have compared the fatty acid composition of the endemic Lake Baikal amphipods Ommatogammarus albinus (Dybowsky, 1874) and Parapallasea lagowskii (Dybowsky, 1874). Specimens were sampled using the deep-water manned submersible “Mir” at the oil-methane seeps of Cape Gorevoy Utes and at a hydrothermal vent in Frolikha Bay. High levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and relatively low levels of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were detected in the studied amphipods, with oleic and palmitic acid representing the main fatty acid components. The habitat of the amphipods exerted a profound effect on their fatty acid profile: the amphipods of Gorevoy Utes contained higher levels of linolenic 18:3n3 and arachidonic 20:4n6 acids, while the amphipods of Frolikha Bay contained higher levels of eicosapentaenoic 20:5n3 and docosahexaenoic 22:6n3 acid. Based on these findings, we suggest that the amphipods’ diet in different areas of Lake Baikal determines their fatty acid composition.

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